Deck 11: Juvenile Delinquency and Juvenile Justice

Question 1

In the text, which of the following is not identified as a protective factor for delinquent behavior?

A) Sociability
B) Intelligence
C) Age of first offense
D) Negative attitudes toward delinquent behavior

Answer 1

Age of first offense

Question 2

________________ first formally recognized the rights of juveniles to have assistance of counsel.

A) In re Gault
B) Kent v. United States
C) Jenkins v. United States
D) Patrison v. Dopplegauger

Answer 2

Kent v. United States

Question 3

Which of the following roles for forensic psychologist is performed least frequently?

A) Assessing competency
B) Conducting transfer evaluations
C) Performing insanity evaluations
D) Determining treatment amenability

Answer 3

Performing insanity evaluations

Question 4

Heilbrun et al. 2005) found that among juveniles that recidivated sexual crimes, _____________.

A) treatment increased the likelihood of reoffense
B) female offenders are likely to receive longer sentences
C) the older an offender was, the more likely he or she was to offend
D) juveniles who committed more serious offenses initially were more likely to reoffend

Question 5

Which of the following is true of psychologists' involvement in the juvenile system?

A) Forensic juvenile practice has increased significantly.
B) The only role for psychologists is in the treatment of juveniles.
C) Psychologists were not involved in the juvenile courts until recently.
D) Psychologists frequently act as de facto judges and assign punishment to juveniles.

Question 6

Ryba, Cooper, and Zapf's 2003) study of juvenile competency found that ______________.

A) evaluation of current mental status was not essential
B) most psychologists do not believe psychological testing is important
C) there is no consensus in regard to the best practice in cases of juvenile competency
D) responses were very similar to past studies assessing best practice in adult competency cases.

Question 7

Which of the following is a true statement regarding juvenile violence?

A) Most juvenile court proceedings are for status offenses
B) Juvenile crime is at its highest rate in the last twenty years
C) Approximately 25% of youths under 18 have been arrested
D) There has been over an 80% increase in female juvenile crime

Question 8

Juveniles who perpetrate violence _____________________.

A) tend to do so without any warning
B) tend to commit a variety of crimes
C) commit more non violent crimes than violent crimes
D) are more likely to come from families of high socioeconomic status

Question 9

Which of the following is true regarding the processing of juveniles through juveniles courts?

A) Juveniles are never held in custody with adults
B) Probation officers normally prepare a written report to assist the courts
C) There is very little variation in the processing of juveniles across jurisdictions
D) Juveniles typically remain under the supervision of the court for the rest of their lives

Question 10

Which of the following is not an example of one of the roles mental health professionals typically serve in the juvenile court system?

A) Develop treatment plans
B) Perform competency evaluations
C) Evaluate juveniles for treatment amenability
D) Perform risk assessments in capital punishment cases

Question 11

__________________ have been found to be largely ineffective in reducing juvenile delinquency.

A) Boot camps
B) Multisystemic therapy
C) Multimodal interventions
D) Cognitive-behavioral treatments

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of the more recent focus of juvenile courts?

A) Less severe juvenile sentences for murder
B) Increasing the number of probation officers
C) The identification of more psychopathology in juvenile offenders
D) A reduction in the upper age range for juveniles transferred to adult courts

Question 13

According to Cottle et al. 2001), the biggest predictors of juvenile recidivism are _______________.

A) protective factors
B) demographic factors
C) racial/ethnic variables
D) offense history variables

Question 14

Which of the following types of offenses are often identified as a gateway for other offenses?

A) Murder
B) Drug offenses
C)Status offenses
D) Property crimes

Question 15

The focus of the juvenile justice system has historically been on ____________.

A) issues involving competency to stand trial
B) protecting the due process rights of children
C) the rehabilitation of children and adolescents
D) the prevention of the most violent criminal acts by juveniles

Question 16

Threat assessment relies on ______________________________________.

A) psychological profiling
B) direct verbal or written threats
C) a subjects' thought process and behaviors
D) descriptive, demographic, and psychological profiles

Question 17

In Clingempeel and Henggeler's 2003) study of persistors and desistors, they found ________________.

A) desistors committed more property crimes
B) persistors were less aggressive toward peers
C) persistors reported fewer psychological problems
D) desistors engaged in fewer violent behaviors during adolescence

Question 18

Which of the following is a status offense?

A) Stealing hubcaps
B) Shoplifting a candy bar
C) Getting into a fight at school

Question 19

The public perception that school shootings are a nationwide epidemic can most likely be attributed to _________________.

A) the growing awareness of the problem
B) increasingly violent movie and film portrayals
C) sensationalistic coverage by the national news media
D) the incompetence of local law enforcement officials to assess threats adequately

Question 20

Which of the following is a true statement about sexual violence in juveniles?

A) Juvenile sex offenders never recidivate.
B) The majority of child molesters are juveniles.
C) The rate of sexual offending in juveniles is approximately 31%.
D) The number of treatment programs has increased tremendously in the last 20 years.

Question 21

What are five risk factors for juvenile delinquency?

Question 22

In ____________________, the Supreme Court held that juveniles should be given due process rights and be advised of their right to counsel.

A) Kent v. United States
B) In re Gault
C) Tate v. State
D) Sell v. United States

Question 23

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Most juvenile delinquency can be attributed to drug offenses.
B) Less juveniles are being sent to adult courts.
C) Juvenile violence is lower than in previous generations.
D) Juvenile cases handled by juvenile courts has decreased in the last 10 years.

Question 24

Describe the history of the juvenile justice system.

Question 25

According to Seto and Lalumiere's 2010) study, when compared to non-sexually violent adolescent males, adolescent male sex offenders ___________________.

A) have more antisocial peers
B) were more likely to recidivate
C) were less likely to recidivate
D) have fewer substance abuse problems

Question 26

___________ is characterized by entering a structure and unlawfully stealing property on those premises, while ______________ involves stealing while legally in or around a property.

A) Theft; burglary
B) Burglary; theft
C) Theft; shoplifting
D) Shoplifting; theft

Question 27

Identify three differences between juvenile courts and adults courts.

Question 28

What are five protective factors for juvenile delinquency?

Question 29

Closing proceedings to outsiders and sealing juvenile records are both examples of the application of ________________.

A) due process
B) parens patriae
C) the punitive approach
D) the adversarial system

Question 30

_____ of juvenile offenders are younger than 16 years of age.

A) 8%
B) 28%
C) 58%
D) 78%

Question 31

What are the major roles forensic psychologists play in the juvenile court?

Question 32

The focus of empirically tested guidelines for school shootings suggests that ____________ is the most important aspect.

A) structural changes in school buildings
B) assessing and predicting school shootings
C) training staff to handle school shootings in progress
D) the focus be on managing problems to prevent violence

Question 33

Which of the following is a myth regarding school shootings?

A) Violent crime in school settings has decreased.
B) It is not appropriate to use profiling to identify school shooters.
C) School shootings skyrocketed in the 1990's, but have since decreased.
D) The most significant risk factor for school shootings is easy access to weapons.

Question 34

Which of the following is not a risk factor for juvenile delinquency?

A) Male gender
B) Minority race
C) Offense history
D) Low socioeconomic status

Question 35

A survey by Grisso and Quillan 2005) found that _____ juveniles were found incompetent because of developmental immaturity.

A) 10%
B) 33%
C) 50%
D) 62%