Deck 10: Motivating and Satisfying Employees and Teams

Question 1

The need for esteem may be satisfied through personal accomplishments, promotion to more responsible positions, and honors and awards.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Scientific management is the application of scientific principles to the management of work and workers.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The equity theory of motivation is based on the premise that people are motivated first by rewards and then by achievement.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Employee empowerment replaces top-down management control, giving employees a voice in what they do and how and when they do it.

Question 5

A growing number of companies are organizing their workforces into teams.

Question 6

During the storming phase of team development, the team has just been created.

Question 7

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the most basic needs are physiological needs.

Question 8

Frederick W. Taylor made his most significant contribution to management practice by his involvement with the Hawthorne studies.

Question 9

Employee participation in decision making is frequently cited as a motivation-boosting technique.

Question 10

In Herzberg's theory, if satisfiers are missing, the employees will be dissatisfied.

Question 11

Frederick W. Taylor originated the theory of satisfaction and dissatisfaction.

Question 12

Performing is the stage where the team begins to focus strongly on the assigned tasks.

Question 13

The weakness in Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Herzberg's theory is that, although each one explains how motivation is caused and sustained, neither specifies what motivates individuals.

Question 14

According to the expectancy theory, rewarded behavior is likely to be repeated, whereas punished behavior is less likely to be repeated.

Question 15

Theory Y is a set of assumptions that is consistent with scientific management.

Question 16

The high level of morale at Southwest Airlines does not have a significant impact on productivity, absenteeism, and employee turnover.

Question 17

The basic premise of reinforcement is that behavior that is rewarded is likely to be repeated and behavior that is punished is less likely to recur.

Question 18

Maslow's hierarchy of needs includes psychological needs, safety needs, social needs, security needs, and self-importance needs.

Question 19

Goal-setting theory suggests that employees are more likely to experience a high degree of motivation when management assigns a series of specific goals for the employee to achieve.

Question 20

Maslow believed each level of need must be completely satisfied before an individual can advance to the next level.

Question 21

The human relations movement in management was born out of experiences cited in the Hawthorne studies.

Question 22

According to Maslow's theory, safety is the most basic and the most important need.

Question 23

The logical outcome of the assumptions underlying Theory X is a highly controlled work situation in which managers make all decisions and workers carry them out.

Question 24

One advantage of part-time work is that it usually provides the same benefits that full-time employees receive.

Question 25

Employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs) provide considerable employee incentive and increase employee involvement.

Question 26

Self-managed teams take over most management functions.

Question 27

The equity theory of motivation contends that people are motivated first to achieve and then by the desire to be rewarded in direct proportion to their contributions.

Question 28

The personal force causing someone to behave in a particular way is called morale.

Question 29

The piece-rate system is based on the assumption that simply paying an employee more money will increase that person's motivation.

Question 30

A work schedule that allows employees to work ten hours a day for four days instead of eight hours a day for five days is an example of a flextime system.

Question 31

Virtual teams are unassigned teams of friends within an organization.

Question 32

The assumptions underlying Theory X generally agree with Frederick W. Taylor's concepts of scientific management.

Question 33

Food, shelter, and clothing will probably satisfy a person's physiological needs.

Question 34

Reinforcement theory is based on the premise that behavior that is rewarded is likely to be repeated.

Question 35

The Human Side of Enterprise was a management book written by Frederick W. Taylor.

Question 36

Problem-solving teams are created to work together permanently.

Question 37

Part-time work and job sharing provide flexibility but at the expense of reduced benefits compared to full-time employment.

Question 38

Physiological needs are satisfied by job security, health insurance, pension plans, and good working conditions.

Question 39

Herzberg recognized only two dimensions: motivation and hygiene.

Question 40

Motivation, morale, and satisfaction of employees' needs are interrelated.

Question 41

The U.S. Army's motto to "be all that you can be" relates most closely to the ____ level of needs.

A)self-actualization
B)esteem
C)physiological
D)social
E)safety

Question 42

Garrett Enterprise
Garrett Enterprise is a well-known company that has been around for many years. However, Mr. Smith, its CEO, has noticed recently that the company is not performing up to par. He has been watching the employees closely. Mr. Smith saw that his workers do only what is required and that no one seems to go above and beyond what is necessary.
He thinks this is odd because Garrett Enterprise used to have dedicated employees who felt a real sense of ownership toward the company. Now it seems that the employees need to be watched all the time just to make sure they are doing the minimum require
Mr. Smith also observed that the employees were not engaging with each other. They all seemed to be at ease with each other, but there was very little interaction. When Mr. Smith asked his top managers to study the situation more closely, they reported that the employees were neither dissatisfied nor motivate
Refer to Garrett Enterprise. When Mr. Smith talks about implementing a system of rewarding only the best behavior and punishing bad behavior, which of these theories is he utilizing?

A)Maslow's need theory
B)Equity theory
C)Goal-setting theory
D)Reinforcement theory
E)Theory X

Question 43

When a manager has a choice, positive reinforcement should be used before negative reinforcement.

Question 44

According to Theory Y by McGregor, managers think people

A)are concerned mainly with security.
B)must be led because they have little ambition.
C)dislike work and try to avoid it.
D)must be coerced, controlled, and threatened.
E)have the ability to help accomplish an organization's goals.

Question 45

A motivation tool that attempts to provide workers with more tasks and more control over these tasks is

A)compressed work schedules.
B)employee participation.
C)job enrichment.
D)modified work weeks.
E)job rotation.

Question 46

For job enrichment to benefit the company, what must happen first?

A)There must be an obvious need for it due to inefficiencies in the firm.
B)Employers must have exhausted all other possibilities in an effort to improve the efficiency of the firm.
C)Employers must train their associates on new job tasks before assigning them these new tasks.
D)Employers must have employees who fear failure and have low self-confidence.
E)Employees must show interest in taking on other tasks.

Question 47

Herzberg thought a state of complete satisfaction was common among employees.

Question 48

​It is estimated that 83 percent of the workforce works from home for part of the day. Cisco is ranked number one in firms with telecommuters with ___ of its employees classified as "regular" telecommuters.

A)​90
B)​48
C)​69
D)​84

Question 49

To retain its key middle managers and to reduce the effect of a bank closure on its incomes, X Bank has established a two-year severance pay package. Theoretically, the bank is motivating employees to stay with the company through

A)positive reinforcement.
B)continual, repetitive reinforcement.
C)negative reinforcement.
D)extinction.
E)disciplinary reinforcement.

Question 50

When Mary Smith accepted a position with Xerox Corporation in San Francisco, she knew little about what to expect. However, all her fears soon dissolved. One week before she began, she received a thorough orientation to the company, was introduced to her co-workers, was invited to lunch daily, and was encouraged to join a company-sponsored employees' club. Xerox seems to be satisfying Mary's ____ needs.

A)esteem
B)self-actualization
C)physiological
D)social
E)safety

Question 51

Lisa loves her work and feels that she is well recognized by her peers and superiors for the work that she does. These motivation factors are ____ for Lisa.

A)satisfiers
B)encouragers
C)rewards
D)bonuses
E)social fulfillment

Question 52

​Employers receive benefits from enriching employee's jobs. In one form of job enrichment, the employee is able to work from his or her home all or part of the work week thus permitting the employer to benefit from attaining designated goals while saving on real estate and travel expenses, and being able to access a larger labor pool. This form of job enrichment is known as

A)​telecommuting.
B)​job-sharing.
C)​part-time employment.
D)​job redesign.

Question 53

Nathan discovers that his mortgage company's employees are working very slowly because they are afraid that, if they finish the loans they are currently processing, they will run out of work and lose their jobs. Nathan's employees are

A)displaying laziness.
B)soldiering.
C)suffering from low morale.
D)inexperienced.
E)unqualified for their jobs.

Question 54

A firm characterized by lifetime employment, collective decision making, collective responsibility, slow evaluation and promotion, implied control, nonspecialized career paths, and a holistic concern for employees is called

A)type A.
B)type Z.
C)type J.
D)type X.
E)type Y.

Question 55

Securing the acceptance of top management is the first step in an MBO program. Which of the following is not one of the four remaining steps?

A)Establishing preliminary goals
B)Having the manager and subordinate work together to determine how the subordinate can work toward accomplishing company objectives
C)Conducting a periodic review
D)Conducting an evaluation
E)Reassigning the employee

Question 56

Maslow's theory explains how to motivate people with money.

Question 57

According to the hierarchy of needs concept, people satisfy their needs in order of importance.

Question 58

Following the birth of his first child, Bill Simpson, a software designer for Microsoft, wished to spend more time with his family. He asked his employer if he could perform a portion of his work at home and come into the office only Tuesday through Thursday. Microsoft allowed it. By allowing Bill to work at home on Mondays and Fridays, Microsoft practices ____ as a motivational technique.

A)employee empowerment
B)flextime
C)job sharing
D)part-time work
E)telecommuting

Question 59

The concepts underlying Theory Z were first presented in the 1960 book, The Human Side of Enterprise.

Question 60

The end result of the Hawthorne studies was an unexpected one, which found that

A)employees work faster if there is better lighting.
B)employees work faster if they are given a standard goal of output to meet.
C)employees work faster in a group atmosphere rather than individually.
D)employees' motivation to work is influenced by human factors.
E)employees work more slowly if they feel they are being watched.

Question 61

The Hawthorne studies showed that ____ are equal to salary motivation.

A)work surroundings
B)increases in money
C)human factors
D)working tools
E)the ways salaries are earned

Question 62

Determining how the work environment affects productivity was the original objective of

A)Taylor's scientific management.
B)the Hawthorne studies.
C)McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y.
D)Herzberg's theory.
E)Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

Question 63

The second stage of team development, in which teams begin to develop concrete goals, is called

A)storming.
B)forming.
C)norming.
D)organizing.
E)grouping.

Question 64

Which of the following motivational techniques involves expanding a worker's assignments to include additional but similar tasks?

A)Job enlargement
B)Job enhancement
C)Job redesign
D)Job sharing
E)Management by objectives (MBO)

Question 65

The stage of team development in which a team reaches its full potential is called

A)forming.
B)storming.
C)norming.
D)performing.
E)adjourning.

Question 66

Which of the following strengthens desired behavior by eliminating an undesirable task or situation?

A)Punishment
B)Positive reinforcement
C)Negative reinforcement
D)Behavior modification
E)Neutral reinforcement

Question 67

IBM, Eastman Kodak, and Hewlett-Packard are organizations that emphasize long-term employment, collective decision making, individual responsibility for the outcomes of decisions, and moderately specialized career paths. These companies are examples of ____ firms.

A)type J
B)type X
C)type A
D)type Y
E)type Z

Question 68

Behavior modification as applied to business management is mainly based on

A)reinforcement theory.
B)equity theory.
C)Theory X.
D)employee participation.
E)having an all-salaried workforce.

Question 69

Gina Robinson, Inc. (GRI)
GRI management has decided to reinvent the culture of the organization. Previously, the company tried to make jobs more appealing by adding more responsibilities to each job description. However, this did not work. Next, the company decided to add flextim
GRI then introduced even more work options for employees. For example, management decided to group all full-time employees into teams to allow employees with different backgrounds to learn from each other. Many different kinds of teams were allowed, as long as the group members did not interact via the Internet or any other electronic means. The managers reasoned that team members must work face to face to learn from and truly engage with each other.
Once these teams were formed, GRI management noticed that the quality of employees' work was much improved. The managers also observed that people felt much more comfortable with and tolerant of each other.
Refer to Gina Robinson, Inc. What type of team did GRI management specifically restrict?

A)Virtuoso team
B)Problem-solving team
C)Virtual team
D)Cross-functional team
E)Self-managed team

Question 70

All of the following are characteristics of McGregor's Theory X except

A)people have the ability to help accomplish an organization's goals.
B)people dislike work and try to avoid it.
C)managers must coerce, control, and threaten employees.
D)people must be led because they have little ambition.
E)people are concerned mainly with security.

Question 71

The most difficult need to satisfy is

A)safety.
B)self-actualization.
C)esteem.
D)social.
E)physiological.

Question 72

For employee empowerment to work effectively, management must be involved and must perform all of the following functions except

A)communicate standards.
B)institute periodic evaluations.
C)guarantee follow-up.
D)retain top-down management controls.
E)set expectations.

Question 73

The motivational technique that is made possible through the use of personal computers, modems, fax machines, voice mail, cellular phones, and overnight delivery service is referred to as

A)job enrichment.
B)telecommuting.
C)job redesign.
D)employee empowerment.
E)flextime.

Question 74

The reinforcement theory says that people are motivated

A)by receiving promotions.
B)by receiving a reward in accordance with their performance.
C)by receiving rewards or punishment based on their behavior.
D)only by their achievements.
E)by receiving primarily negative reinforcement.

Question 75

Which of the following is not a level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A)Self-actualization
B)Safety
C)Psychological
D)Social
E)Esteem

Question 76

Tom Willis, owner-manager of J&P Manufacturing Company, has tried just about everything to motivate his employees. He has added new fringe benefits, including legal services; he has improved safety conditions; and he has increased employee pay by 7 percent across the board. None of these actions seem to have worked. Now Tom wonders what he should do next. Which of the following would you suggest?

A)Increase pay to 17 percent across the board.
B)Add a day-care center to the employee benefits package.
C)Prepare and distribute a company policy manual.
D)Improve job security.
E)Enrich jobs as necessary.

Question 77

When Sara was recognized by the store manager at a store meeting for exceeding all of her past year's objectives and when the announcement of her promotion to assistant store manager was made, which need of hers was filled?

A)Safety
B)Physiological
C)Social
D)Esteem
E)Self-actualization

Question 78

A key technique for increasing employee motivation is

A)scientific management.
B)Theory X.
C)behavior modification.
D)EEM.
E)modification of expectations.

Question 79

Under Herzberg's theory, when ____ factors are present in the work environment, they act as satisfiers; when ____ factors are absent, they act as dissatisfiers.

A)Theory X; Theory Y
B)motivation; hygiene
C)physiological; self-realization
D)Theory Y; Theory X
E)hygiene; motivation

Question 80

Debbie is a financial analyst for a health care company in Phoenix. Her husband is transferred to Atlanta, but Debbie's employer allows Debbie to keep her job and work from her new home in Atlanta. Debbie has to travel back to Phoenix for one week every other month to meet in person with company officials. This arrangement is called

A)flextime.
B)part-time.
C)self-managed work.
D)telecommuting.
E)long-distance empowerment.