Deck 2: Data Collection

Question 1

The number of planes per day that land at an airport is an example of discrete data.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The number of checks processed at a bank in a day is an example of categorical data.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The Statistical Abstract of the United States is a huge annual compendium of data for the United States and it is available online free of charge.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The level of measurement for categorical data is nominal.

Question 5

Temperature measured in degrees Fahrenheit is an example of interval data.

Question 6

Ordinal data can be treated as if it were nominal data but not vice versa.

Question 7

Your weight recorded at your annual physical would not be ratio data because you cannot have zero weight.

Question 8

Responses on a seven-point Likert scale are usually treated as ratio data.

Question 9

Categorical data are also referred to as nominal or qualitative data.

Question 10

Ratio data are distinguished from interval data by the presence of a zero reference point.

Question 11

Numerical data can be either discrete or continuous.

Question 12

In last year's annual report,Thompson Distributors indicated that it had 12 regional warehouses.This is an example of ordinal level data.

Question 13

Likert scales are especially important in opinion polls and marketing surveys.

Question 14

Nominal data refer to data that can be ordered in a natural way.

Question 15

This year,Oxnard University produced two football All-Americans.This is an example of continuous data.

Question 16

The weight of a bag of dog food is an example of discrete data.

Question 17

Categorical data have values that are described by words rather than numbers.

Question 18

The type of statistical test that we can perform is independent of the level of measurement of the variable of interest.

Question 19

Ordinal data are data that can be ranked based on some natural characteristic of the items.

Question 20

The closing price of a stock is an example of ratio data.

Question 21

Sampling error is avoidable by choosing the sample scientifically.

Question 22

It is better to attempt a census of a large population instead of relying on a sample.

Question 23

Creating a list of people by taking the third name listed on every 10^th page of the phone book is an example of convenience sampling.

Question 24

A problem with judgment sampling is that the sample may not reflect the population.

Question 25

A worker collecting data from every other shopper who leaves a store is taking a simple random sample of customer opinion.

Question 26

If you randomly sample 50 students about their favorite places to eat,the data collected would be referred to as cross-sectional data.

Question 27

Judgment sampling and convenience sampling are non-random sampling techniques.

Question 28

An investment firm rates bonds for AardCo Inc.as "B+" while bonds of Deva Corp.are rated "AA." Which level of measurement would be appropriate for such data?

A) Nominal
B) Ordinal
C) Interval
D) Ratio

Question 29

Mail surveys are attractive because of their high response rates.

Question 30

A sampling frame is used to identify the target population in a statistical study.

Question 31

Telephone surveys often have a low response rate and fail to reach the desired population.

Question 32

Analysis of month-by-month changes in stock market prices during the most recent recession would require the use of time series data.

Question 33

By taking a systematic sample,in which we select every 50^th shopper arriving at a specific store,we are approximating a random sample of shoppers.

Question 34

A problem with convenience sampling is that the target population is not well defined.

Question 35

Internet surveys posted on popular websites have no bias since anyone can reply.

Question 36

An advantage of a systematic sample is that no list of enumerated data items is required.

Question 37

Internet surveys posted on popular websites such as MSN.com suffer from nonresponse bias.

Question 38

The number of FedEx shipping centers in each of 50 cities would be ordinal level data.

Question 39

When the population is large,a sample estimate is usually preferable to a census.

Question 40

A cluster sample is a type of stratified sample that is based on geographical location.

Question 41

The number of passengers "bumped" on a particular airline flight is ____________ data.

A) nominal
B) ordinal
C) interval
D) ratio

Question 42

An advantage of convenience samples is that:

A) the required sample size is easier to calculate.
B) sampling error can be reduced.
C) computation of statistics is easier.
D) they are often quicker and cheaper.

Question 43

Automobile exhaust emission of CO₂ (milligrams per mile)is ____________ data.

A) nominal
B) ordinal
C) interval
D) ratio

Question 44

Which of the following is numerical data?

A) Your gender
B) The brand of cell phone you own
C) Whether you have an American Express card
D) The fuel economy (MPG)of your car

Question 45

Measurements from a sample are called:

A) statistics.
B) inferences.
C) parameters.
D) variables.

Question 46

Your rating of the food served at a local restaurant using a three-point scale of 0 = gross,1 = decent,2 = yummy is ___________ data.

A) nominal
B) ordinal
C) interval
D) ratio

Question 47

Using a sample to make generalizations about an aspect of a population is called:

A) data mining.
B) descriptive statistics.
C) random sampling.
D) statistical inference.

Question 48

Quantitative variables use which two levels of measurement?

A) Ordinal and ratio
B) Interval and ordinal
C) Nominal and ordinal
D) Interval and ratio

Question 49

Which statement is false?

A) Random dialing phone surveys have low response and are poorly targeted.
B) Selection bias means that many respondents dislike the interviewer.
C) Simple random sampling requires a list of the population.
D) Web surveys are economical but suffer from nonresponse bias.

Question 50

Which should not be regarded as a continuous random variable?

A) Tonnage carried by a randomly chosen oil tanker at sea
B) Wind velocity at 7 o'clock this morning
C) Number of personal fouls by the Miami Heat in a game
D) Length of time to play a Wimbledon tennis match

Question 51

Your telephone area code is an example of a(n)____________ variable.

A) nominal
B) ordinal
C) interval
D) ratio

Question 52

Which statement is correct?

A) Judgment sampling is preferred to systematic sampling.
B) Sampling without replacement introduces bias in our estimates of parameters.
C) Cluster sampling is useful when strata characteristics are unknown.
D) Focus groups usually work best without a moderator.

Question 53

Which variable is least likely to be regarded as ratio data?

A) Length of time required for a randomly chosen vehicle to cross a toll bridge (minutes)
B) Weight of a randomly chosen student (pounds)
C) Number of fatalities in a randomly chosen traffic disaster (persons)
D) Student's evaluation of a professor's teaching (Likert scale)

Question 54

Which is most nearly correct regarding sampling error?

A) It can be eliminated by increasing the sample size.
B) It cannot be eliminated by any statistical sampling method.
C) It can be eliminated by using Excel's =RANDBETWEEN()function.
D) It can be eliminated by utilizing systematic random sampling.

Question 55

A Likert scale:

A) yields interval data if scale distances are equal.
B) must have an odd number of scale points.
C) must have a verbal label on each scale point.
D) is rarely used in marketing surveys.

Question 56

Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit is an example of a(n)__________ variable.

A) nominal
B) ordinal
C) interval
D) ratio

Question 57

Which of the following is true?

A) The type of charge card used by a customer (Visa,MasterCard,AmEx)is ordinal data.
B) The duration (minutes)of a flight from Boston to Minneapolis is ratio data.
C) The number of Nobel Prize-winning faculty at Oxnard University is continuous data.
D) The number of regional warehouses owned by Jankord Industries is ordinal data.

Question 58

Which of the following is not true?

A) Categorical data have values that are described by words rather than numbers.
B) Categorical data are also referred to as nominal or qualitative data.
C) The number of checks processed at a bank in a day is categorical data.
D) Numerical data can be either discrete or continuous.

Question 59

Which is least likely to be regarded as a ratio variable?

A) A critic's rating of a restaurant on a 1 to 4 scale
B) Automobile exhaust emission of nitrogen dioxide (milligrams per mile)
C) Number of customer complaints per day at a cable TV company office
D) Cost of an e-Bay purchase

Question 60

Judgment sampling is sometimes preferred over random sampling,for example,when:

A) the desired sample size is much larger than the population.
B) the sampling budget is large and the population is conveniently located.
C) time is short and the sampling budget is limited.
D) the population is readily accessible and sampling is nondestructive.

Question 61

Thirty work orders are selected from a filing cabinet containing 500 work order folders by choosing every 15^th folder.Which sampling method is this?

A) Simple random sample
B) Systematic sample
C) Stratified sample
D) Cluster sample

Question 62

An advantage of convenience samples over random samples is that:

A) they are easy to analyze.
B) it is easier to determine the sample size needed.
C) it is easier to calculate the sampling errors involved.
D) data collection cost is reduced.

Question 63

Which of the following is a correct statement?

A) Choosing the third person listed on every fifth page of the phone book is stratified sampling.
B) An advantage of a systematic sample is that no list of enumerated data items is required.
C) Convenience sampling is used to study shoppers in convenience stores.
D) Judgment sampling is an example of true random sampling.

Question 64

A population has groups that have a small amount of variation within them,but large variation among or between the groups themselves.The proper sampling technique is:

A) simple random.
B) stratified.
C) cluster.
D) judgment.

Question 65

A binary variable (also called a dichotomous variable or dummy variable)has:

A) only two possible values.
B) continuous scale values.
C) rounded data values.
D) ordinal or interval values.

Question 66

To measure satisfaction with its cell phone service,AT&T takes a stratified sample of its customers by age,gender,and location.Which is an advantage of this type of sampling,as opposed to other sampling methods?

A) It is less intrusive on customers' privacy.
B) It does not require random numbers.
C) It gives faster results.
D) It can give more accurate results.

Question 67

A stratified sample is sometimes recommended when:

A) the sample size is very large.
B) the population is small compared to the sample.
C) distinguishable strata can be identified in the populations.
D) the population is spread out geographically.

Question 68

A manager chose two people from his team of eight to give an oral presentation because she felt they were representative of the whole team's views.What sampling technique did she use in choosing these two people?

A) Convenience
B) Simple random
C) Judgment
D) Cluster

Question 69

Which of the following is false?

A) Sampling error is the difference between the true parameter and a random number in Excel.
B) Sampling error is a result of unavoidable random variation in a sample.
C) A sampling frame is used to help identify the target population in a statistical study.
D) The target population must first be defined by a full list or data file of individuals.

Question 70

If we choose 500 random numbers using Excel's function =RANDBETWEEN(1,99),we would most likely find that:

A) numbers near the mean (50)would tend to occur more frequently.
B) numbers near 1 and 99 would tend to occur less frequently.
C) some numbers would occur more than once.
D) the numbers would have a clear pattern.

Question 71

Professor Hardtack chose a sample of 7 students from his statistics class of 35 students by picking every student who was wearing red that day.Which kind of sample is this?

A) Simple random sample
B) Judgment sample
C) Systematic sample
D) Convenience sample

Question 72

Before deciding whether to assess heavy fines against noisy airlines,which sampling method would the Federal Aviation Administration probably use to measure the peak noise from departing jets as measured by a ground-level observer at a point one mile from the end of the departure runway?

A) Radio survey of pilots.
B) Simple random sample.
C) Judgment sample.
D) Stratified sample using.

Question 73

A sampling technique used when groups are defined by their geographical location is:

A) cluster sampling.
B) convenience sampling.
C) judgment sampling.
D) random sampling.

Question 74

An accounting professor wishing to know how many MBA students would take a summer elective in international accounting did a survey of the class she was teaching.Which kind of sample is this?

A) Simple random sample
B) Cluster sample
C) Systematic sample
D) Convenience sample

Question 75

A problem with nonrandom sampling is that:

A) larger samples need to be taken to reduce the sampling error inherent in this approach.
B) not every item in the population has the same chance of being selected,as it should.
C) it is usually more expensive than random sampling.
D) it generally provides lower response rates than random sampling.

Question 76

Which of the following is not a likely reason for sampling?

A) The destructive nature of certain tests
B) The physical impossibility of checking all the items in the population
C) Prohibitive cost of studying the entire population
D) The expense of obtaining random numbers

Question 77

A random sample is one in which the:

A) probability that an item is selected for the sample is the same for all population items.
B) population items are selected haphazardly by experienced workers.
C) items to be selected from the population are specified based on expert judgment.
D) probability of selecting a population item depends on the item's data value.

Question 78

Comparing a census of a large population to a sample drawn from it,we expect that the:

A) sample is usually a more practical method of obtaining the desired information.
B) accuracy of the observations in the census is surely higher than in the sample.
C) sample must be a large fraction of the population to be accurate.

Question 79

From its 32 regions,the FAA selects 6 regions,and then randomly audits 25 departing commercial flights in each region for compliance with legal fuel and weight requirements.This is an example of:

A) simple random sampling.
B) stratified random sampling.
C) cluster sampling.
D) judgment sampling.

Question 80

Sampling bias can best be reduced by:

A) using appropriate data coding.
B) having a computer tabulate the results.
C) utilizing random sampling.
D) taking a judgment sample.