Deck 7: Gases, Liquids, and Solids

Question 1

What is the volume, in liters, occupied by 2.12 moles of N₂ gas at 0.745 atm pressure and a temperature of 55 $\degree$ C?

A) 42.5 L
B) 1.3 *10^-2 L
C) 76.6 L
D) 12.8 L

Answer 1

76.6 L

Question 2

The correct form of the equation for the ideal gas law is

A) PV = nRT
B) PT = nRV
C) P/V = nRT
D) PV = n/RT

Answer 2

PV = nRT

Question 3

In which of the following groupings are the three terms closely related?

A) kinetic energy, energy of motion, cohesive forces
B) potential energy, energy of attraction, disruptive forces
C) kinetic energy, electrostatic interactions, disruptive forces
D) potential energy, electrostatic interactions, cohesive forces

Answer 3

potential energy, electrostatic interactions, cohesive forces

Question 4

In which of the following liquids would London forces be the predominant intermolecular force?

A) HCN
B) N₂
C) H₂S
D) IF

Question 5

Which of the following statements is correct?

A) Dipole-dipole interactions occur only between nonpolar molecules.
B) A hydrogen bond is an extremely weak dipole-dipole interaction.
C) London forces are "instantaneous" dipole-dipole interactions.
D) Hydrogen bonding occurs anytime a hydrogen-containing molecule is present in a liquid.

Question 6

How many times larger in size is the atmosphere pressure unit than the mm Hg pressure unit?

A) 100
B) 325
C) 760
D) 1000

Question 7

Liquids will boil at lower temperatures at higher elevations because:

A) The intermolecular attractions are weaker.
B) Atmospheric pressure increases.
C) It is harder to transfer heat to the liquid.
D) The vapor pressure at which boiling occurs is lower.

Question 8

Which of the following statements concerning evaporation is incorrect?

A) Molecules with energies considerably above average are those that escape from the liquid.
B) Increasing the surface area of the liquid decreases the rate of evaporation.
C) Increasing the temperature of the liquid increases the rate of evaporation.
D) Evaporation causes the liquid temperature to decrease.

Question 9

The phrases "particles close together and held in fixed positions" and "completely fills the container" apply, respectively, to

A) liquids and solids
B) solids and gases
C) gases and liquids
D) liquids and gases

Question 10

Which of the following is not a factor in determining the magnitude of the vapor pressure of a liquid?

A) the temperature of the liquid
B) the strength of the attractive forces between molecules of the liquid
C) the size of the container for the liquid
D) the type of forces between molecules within the liquid

Question 11

Boyle's law involves which of the following?

A) a direct proportion
B) a constant volume
C) a constant pressure
D) a constant temperature

Question 12

Which of the following statements is not a part of kinetic molecular theory?

A) Matter is composed of particles that are in constant motion.
B) Particle velocity increases as the temperature increases.
C) Particles in a system cannot transfer energy to each other.
D) Particle interactions involve electrostatic attractions and repulsions.

Question 13

A liquid is placed in a closed container. Equilibrium is reached when

A) all of the liquid evaporates
B) when the rate of condensation equals the rate of evaporation
C) when the rate of condensation exceeds the rate of evaporation
D) when molecules cease to pass from the liquid state to the vapor state

Question 14

A gas has a volume of 2.60 liters at a temperature of 87 $\degree$ C and pressure of 1.30 atm. What is the volume of the gas, in liters, at a temperature of 367 $\degree$ C and a pressure of 4.70 atm?

A) 0.782 L
B) 1.28 L
C) 0.405 L
D) 9.80 *10⁴ L

Question 15

Which of the following statements about intermolecular forces is incorrect?

A) They must be overcome in order for molecules to escape from the liquid state into the vapor state.
B) They are much weaker than intramolecular forces.
C) They are electrostatic in origin.
D) They occur within molecules rather than between molecules.

Question 16

In which of the following pairs of physical changes are both changes exothermic?

A) sublimation, evaporation
B) freezing, melting
C) freezing, condensation
D) melting, sublimation

Question 17

The boiling point of a liquid is

A) the temperature at which the rate of evaporation and sublimation are equal
B) always 200 $\degree$ C or greater
C) the temperature at which the pressure over the liquid equals the vapor pressure of the liquid
D) the temperature at which liquid-vapor equilibrium is reached

Question 18

The partial pressure of helium in a gaseous mixture of helium and nitrogen trifluoride is

A) the pressure that the helium would exert in the absence of the nitrogen trifluoride
B) the percentage of the total pressure of the mixture that is contributed by helium
C) equal to the total pressure divided by helium's molar mass
D) equal to the total pressure divided by the number of helium atoms present

Question 19

In the liquid state, disruptive forces are

A) roughly of the same magnitude as cohesive forces
B) very weak compared to cohesive forces
C) dominant over cohesive forces
D) unimportant

Question 20

Indicate what the missing words are in the following statement of Charles's law: At constant pressure, the volume of a gas sample is _______ proportional to its _______ temperature.

A) directly; Celsius
B) directly; Kelvin
C) inversely; Celsius
D) inversely; Kelvin

Question 21

Characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices: (1) For molecules of similar molecular mass, nonpolar molecules have higher vapor pressures than polar molecules.
(2) Temperature values must be expressed on the Kelvin scale when using all gas laws except the ideal gas law.
(3) The average kinetic energy of a system of molecules decreases as temperature increases.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 22

A volatile liquid would

A) have weak attractive forces between molecules
B) evaporate "slowly" at room temperature
C) have a low vapor pressure at room temperature
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 23

Characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices: (1) Macroscopic properties of the liquid state include a definite shape and a definite volume.
(2) A condition of physical equilibrium is associated with the measurement of vapor pressure.
(3) Boyle's law involves a direct proportionality relationship between pressure and volume.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 24

Which of the following is a correct equation for the combined gas law?

A)
B)
C)
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 25

In which of the following pairs of molecules would the first listed member of the pair have a higher boiling point than the second listed member of the pair?

A) HF and HBr
B) F₂ and Cl₂
C) O₂ and NO
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 26

Intermolecular forces differ from intramolecular forces in that:

A) They occur only in liquids.
B) They are much stronger.
C) They occur only when hydrogen atoms are present.
D) More than one correct response.
E) No correct response.

Question 27

A gaseous mixture at a total pressure of 1.50 atm contains equal molar amounts of He, Ne, and Ar. At constant temperature CO₂ gas is added to the mixture until the total pressure is 3.00 atm. Which of the following is a correct statement concerning partial pressures after the CO₂ addition?

A) The partial pressure of Ar has doubled.
B) The partial pressure of CO₂ is three times that of Ne.
C) All four gases have equal partial pressures.
D) More than one correct response.
E) No correct response.

Question 28

Characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices: (1) Associated with Charles's law is the concept that if the temperature of a gas increases the volume of the gas also increases.
(2) Liquids show little change in volume with changes in temperature.
(3) Dipole-dipole interactions are examples of intramolecular forces and hydrogen bonds are examples of intermolecular forces.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 29

Which of the following descriptions apply to matter in the liquid state?

A) Temperature change significantly influences the volume.
B) Particles are less free to move about than in the solid state.
C) Particles transfer energy from one to another through collisions.
D) More than one correct response.
E) No correct response.

Question 30

Which of the following pressure relationships is correct?

A) 760 torr = 760 mm Hg
B) 1 atm = 15.8 psi
C) 650 torr = 1 atm
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 31

When the vapor pressure of a liquid equals atmospheric pressure, the temperature of the liquid equals

A) 100 $\degree$ C if the liquid is at sea level
B) the boiling point of the liquid
C) the normal boiling point of the liquid
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 32

Which of the following descriptions apply to matter in the solid state?

A) definite shape and high density
B) cohesive forces dominate over disruptive forces
C) kinetic energy dominates over potential energy
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 33

Characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices: (1) Sublimation and deposition are "opposite" changes of state.
(2) A pressure of one atmosphere is greater in magnitude than a pressure of 720 torr.
(3) The boiling point of a liquid can be increased by heating the liquid to a higher temperature.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 34

A 1.00 mole sample of a gas would have a volume of 0.821 L at which of the following temperature and pressure conditions?

A) 300 K and 30.0 atm
B) -123 $\degree$ C and 15.0 atm
C) 300 $\degree$ C and 10.0 atm
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 35

In which of the following pairs of state changes is the final state (solid, liquid, gas) the same for both members of the pair?

A) sublimation and evaporation
B) condensation and freezing
C) deposition and melting
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 36

Characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices: (1) Both dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonds are stronger than most single covalent bonds.
(2) The value of the ideal gas constant is the same for all gases under ordinary conditions of P, V, and T.
(3) Both condensation and freezing are endothermic changes of state.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 37

Which of the following descriptions apply to matter in the gaseous state?

A) Definite shape and definite volume.
B) Disruptive and cohesive forces are about equal.
C) Pressure change significantly influences the volume.
D) More than one correct response.
E) No correct response.

Question 38

Which of the following samples of gas would have a new volume of 3.00 liters if the pressure is decreased from 3.00 atm to 1.00 atm at constant temperature?

A) 1.00 L He
B) 5.00 L CO₂
C) 9.00 L H₂S
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 39

Charles's law involves which of the following?

A) an indirect proportion
B) a fixed quantity of gas
C) constant temperature
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 40

If some of the vapor is allowed to escape from a sample where liquid and vapor are in equilibrium, the immediate result is

A) an increase in intermolecular force strength
B) a decrease in condensation rate
C) a decrease in evaporation rate
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 41

Consider the mathematical expressions for gas laws listed, select the correct name for the law from the response list: P₁V₁T₂ = P₂V₂T₁.

A) Avogadro's law
B) Boyle's law
C) Charles's law
D) combined gas law

Question 42

For each of the physical state characterizations, select from the response list the physical state or states to which the characterizations apply: cohesive forces dominate over disruptive forces.

A) liquid state only
B) solid state only
C) both liquid and solid states
D) both gaseous and liquid states

Question 43

Characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices: (1) Water's boiling point is much lower than expected, based on comparison with other substances, because of hydrogen bonding.
(2) In the gaseous state, disruptive forces and cohesive forces are of about the same magnitude.
(3) As liquid surface area increases, the rate of evaporation of a liquid increases because molecules encounter less external pressure.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 44

For each of the physical state characterizations, select from the response list the physical state or states to which the characterizations apply: definite volume.

A) liquid state only
B) solid state only
C) both liquid and solid states
D) both gaseous and liquid states

Question 45

For each of the physical state characterizations, select from the response list the physical state or states to which the characterizations apply: indefinite shape.

A) liquid state only
B) solid state only
C) both liquid and solid states
D) both gaseous and liquid states

Question 46

Considering change of state descriptions, select the name of the change of state for the opposite of evaporation.

A) sublimation
B) condensation
C) deposition
D) freezing

Question 47

Characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices: (1) The ideal gas law involves the variables P, V, T, and R, and the constant n.
(2) Boiling is a special form of evaporation that occurs when atmospheric pressure exceeds the vapor pressure of the hot liquid.
(3) The two requirements for hydrogen bond formation are molecular polarity and the presence of covalently-bonded hydrogen atoms.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 48

Characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices: (1) The process of breathing is readily explained using Charles's law.
(2) In a molecular system, kinetic energy is considered to be a disruptive force.
(3) A pressure of 200 mm Hg and a pressure of 200 torr are equal.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 49

Characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices: (1) The destructive power of industrial explosives comes from the high-temperature generation of large volumes of gaseous substances.
(2) Ideally, the dietary Na⁺/K⁺ ratio should be less than one.
(3) Popcorn pops because of the difference in density of liquid and gaseous water.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 50

Characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices: (1) The potential energy of greatest importance when considering the states of matter is that associated with electrostatic interactions between particles.
(2) The pressure exerted by each gas in a mixture of gases is the same as it would be if the gas were alone under the same conditions.
(3) London forces are instantaneous dipole-dipole interactions whose strength depends on the ease with which molecular electron distributions can be distorted.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 51

Considering change of state descriptions, select the name of the change of state for that involves both the liquid and gaseous state.

A) sublimation
B) condensation
C) deposition
D) freezing

Question 52

Consider the mathematical expressions for gas laws listed, select the correct name for the law from the response list: V₁T₂ = V₂T₁.

A) Avogadro's law
B) Boyle's law
C) Charles's law
D) combined gas law

Question 53

Consider the mathematical expressions for gas laws listed, select the correct name for the law from the response list:

A) Avogadro's law
B) Boyle's law
C) Charles's law
D) combined gas law

Question 54

Considering change of state descriptions, select the name of the change of state for when energy is absorbed.

A) sublimation
B) condensation
C) deposition
D) freezing

Question 55

For each of the physical state characterizations, select from the response list the physical state or states to which the characterizations apply: potential energy dominates over kinetic energy.

A) liquid state only
B) solid state only
C) both liquid and solid states
D) both gaseous and liquid states

Question 56

Consider the mathematical expressions for gas laws listed, select the correct name for the law from the response list: P₁V₁ = P₂V₂.

A) Avogadro's law
B) Boyle's law
C) Charles's law
D) combined gas law

Question 57

For each of the physical state characterizations, select from the response list the physical state or states to which the characterizations apply: particles are relatively close together.

A) liquid state only
B) solid state only
C) both liquid and solid states
D) both gaseous and liquid states

Question 58

Consider the mathematical expressions for gas laws listed, select the correct name for the law from the response list:

A) Avogadro's law
B) Boyle's law
C) Charles's law
D) combined gas law

Question 59

Considering change of state descriptions, select the name of the change of state that involves both the liquid and solid state.

A) sublimation
B) condensation
C) deposition
D) freezing

Question 60

Considering change of state descriptions, select the name of the change of state for an endothermic change

A) sublimation
B) condensation
C) deposition
D) freezing

Question 61

For the following intermolecular force descriptios, select the correct name from the response list: Strongest of all intermolecular forces.

A) London force
B) hydrogen bond
C) covalent bond
D) dipole-dipole interaction

Question 62

For the following intermolecular force descriptios, select the correct name from the response list: "Instantaneous" electrostatic interaction between polar molecules.

A) London force
B) hydrogen bond
C) covalent bond
D) dipole-dipole interaction

Question 63

For the following intermolecular force descriptios, select the correct name from the response list: Weakest of all intermolecular forces.

A) London force
B) hydrogen bond
C) covalent bond
D) dipole-dipole interaction

Question 64

For the following intermolecular force descriptios, select the correct name from the response list: "Instantaneous" electrostatic interaction between nonpolar molecules.

A) London force
B) hydrogen bond
C) covalent bond
D) dipole-dipole interaction

Question 65

For the following intermolecular force descriptios, select the correct name from the response list: "Permanent" electrostatic interaction between polar molecules in which no hydrogen is present.

A) London force
B) hydrogen bond
C) covalent bond
D) dipole-dipole interaction