Deck 18: Carbohydrates

Question 1

Which of the following substances will produce both glucose and fructose when hydrolyzed?

A) lactose
B) maltose
C) sucrose
D) glycogen

Answer 1

sucrose

Question 2

Which of the following types of monosaccharides have cyclic forms that involve a 5-membered ring?

A) ketopentoses and aldopentoses
B) ketohexoses and aldopentoses
C) ketopentoses and aldohexoses
D) aldohexoses and ketohexoses

Answer 2

ketohexoses and aldopentoses

Question 3

In which of the following pairs of monosaccharides do the members of the pair contain different numbers of carbon atoms?

A) tagatose and lyxose
B) ribulose and arabinose
C) altrose and talose
D) dihydroxyacetone and glyceraldehyde

Answer 3

tagatose and lyxose

Question 4

Which of the following structures is a representation of a cyclic form of D-glucose?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 5

The structure of D-galactose differs from that of D-talose at which carbon atom?

A) carbon #3
B) carbon #4
C) carbon #2
D) carbon #5

Question 6

Which of the following structures represents a $\beta$ -monosaccharide?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 7

Which of the following terms correctly describes the relationship between D-fructose and L-fructose?

A) enantiomers
B) epimers
C) diastereomers
D) cis-trans isomers

Question 8

The major structural difference between cellulose and starch is found in the

A) identity of the monosaccharide units present
B) ring size of the monosaccharide units present
C) linkages between the monosaccharide units present
D) handedness of the monosaccharide units present

Question 9

In which of the following sugars is the bonding between monosaccharide units "head-to head" rather than "head-to-tail"?

A) cellobiose
B) maltose
C) lactose
D) sucrose

Question 10

In which of the following pairs or carbohydrates are both members of the pair disaccharides?

A) allose and idose
B) lactose and arabinose
C) sucrose and maltose
D) cellobiose and cellulose

Question 11

Which of the following properties would be the same for D-ribulose and L-ribulose?

A) interaction with plane polarized light
B) solubility in chiral solvent
C) melting point
D) reaction with (+)-2,3-pentanediol

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct pairing of terms?

A) heteropolysaccharide and starch
B) homopolysaccharide and chitin
C) branch-chain polysaccharide and cellulose
D) unbranched-chain polysaccharide and glycogen

Question 13

Which of the following statements concerning carbohydrates is correct?

A) They are the most abundant type of biochemical substance in the human body.
B) They are all polyhydroxy aldehydes, polyhydroxyketones, or substances that yield such upon hydrolysis.
C) They can exist in left-handed and right-handed forms, with the left-handed form being dominant in nature.
D) They all have a sweet taste and therefore are also called sugars.

Question 14

Which of the following is not a reducing sugar?

A) xylulose
B) glucose
C) sucrose
D) maltose

Question 15

In which of the following polysaccharides are all glycosidic linkages of the â (1 $\rightarrow$ 4) type?

A) starch
B) cellulose
C) glycogen
D) amylopectin

Question 16

Which of the following compounds is both an aldose and a hexose?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 17

Which of the following structures is that of D-mannose?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 18

Which of the following structures is that of an L-monosaccharide?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 19

Which of the following monosaccharides has an open chain form that is a ketose?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 20

Which of the following statements concerning chiral centers in specific monosaccharides is incorrect?

A) Glyceraldehyde has one chiral center.
B) Dihydroxyacetone has two chiral centers.
C) Mannose has four chiral centers.
D) Tagatose has three chiral centers.

Question 21

Which of the following statements concerning the positioning of -OH groups in the Haworth projection for $\alpha$ -D-glucose is correct?

A) up at carbons 1, 3, and 5
B) down at carbons 2, 3, and 4
C) up at carbons 1 and 3, and down at carbons 2 and 4
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 22

Which of the following monosaccharides are aldohexoses?

A) glucose
B) fructose
C) ribose
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 23

Use the following to answer the questions below:
In each of the following multiple-choice questions, characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices:
Statements:
(1) Complete hydrolysis of a oligosaccharide produces only monosaccharides.
(2) Fructose, galactose, and ribose are all hexoses.
(3) Both amylopectin and glycogen are branched glucose polymers.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 24

Which of the following carbohydrates will give a positive Benedict's test?

A) galactose
B) sucrose
C) starch
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 25

In which of the following pairs of carbohydrates are both members of the pair polysaccharides?

A) cellulose and cellobiose
B) starch and glycogen
C) amylose and lactose
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 26

Use the following to answer the questions below:
In each of the following multiple-choice questions, characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices:
Statements:
(1) Glucose is both a hexose and a ketose.
(2) There can never be more than two enantiomers for a molecule.
(3) All common disaccharides have beta-one-four linkages.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 27

Which of the following statements concerning the positioning of -OH groups in the Fischer projection for L-glucose is correct?

A) right on both carbons 2 and 3
B) right on both carbons 3 and 4
C) left at carbon 3 and right at carbon 5
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 28

Which of the following properties would be the same for a pair of enantiomeric monosaccharides?

A) interaction with plane-polarized light
B) boiling point
C) solubility in water
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 29

Which of the following monosaccharides has a structure in which two or more chiral centers are present?

A) glyceraldehyde
B) dihydroxyacetone
C) glucose
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 30

In which of the following carbohydrates are two different types of glycosidic linkages present?

A) glycogen
B) lactose
C) amylose
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 31

Use the following to answer the questions below:
In each of the following multiple-choice questions, characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices:
Statements:
(1) A positive Tollen's test classifies a monosaccharide as a reducing sugar.
(2) The bond that links the two monosaccharides of a disaccharide together is a carbon-oxygen-carbon bond.
(3) Monosaccharides cannot be broken down into simpler units by hydrolysis reactions.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 32

Which of the following monosaccharides has cyclic forms that involve a 6-membered ring?

A) fructose
B) galactose
C) ribose
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 33

Use the following to answer the questions below:
In each of the following multiple-choice questions, characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices:
Statements:
(1) A Fischer projection is a three-dimensional notation for showing the spatial arrangements of groups of atoms about chiral centers in a molecule.
(2) Cyclic forms of aldoses result from intermolecular hemiacetal formation.
(3) All physical properties of enantiomers are the same.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 34

Which of the following disaccharides does not have two cyclic forms (alpha and beta)?

A) sucrose
B) lactose
C) maltose
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 35

Use the following to answer the questions below:
In each of the following multiple-choice questions, characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices:
Statements:
(1) Diastereomers are stereoisomers whose molecules are mirror images of each other.
(2) Both cyclic forms of glucose contain a six-membered carbon ring.
(3) Complete hydrolysis of both maltose and cellobiose produce the same molecule.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 36

Which of the following is a correct pairing of terms?

A) storage polysaccharide and cellulose
B) structural polysaccharide and starch
C) acidic polysaccharide and glycogen
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 37

The left- and right-handed forms of a monosaccharide with a single chiral center are

A) enantiomers
B) diastereomers
C) epimers
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 38

In which of the following disaccharides is a $\beta$ (1 $\rightarrow$ 4) glycosidic linkage present?

A) lactose
B) sucrose
C) maltose
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 39

Which of the following disaccharides produces two different monosaccharides upon hydrolysis?

A) maltose
B) sucrose
C) cellobiose
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 40

Which of the following statements concerning the D- and L- forms of a monosaccharide is incorrect?

A) They have structures that are nonsuperimposable mirror images of each other.
B) They must contain the same number of chiral centers.
C) They are enantiomers.
D) More than one correct response.
E) No correct response.

Question 41

Use the following to answer the questions below:
In each of the following multiple-choice questions, characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices:
Statements:
(1) Enantiomers with more than three carbon atoms must have the same handedness.
(2) The molecules glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyketone each contain one chiral center.
(3) Glucose contain one more -OH group than does galactose.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 42

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the stereochemical descriptions, select from the response list an appropriate set of structural formulas. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.
Optical isomers

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 43

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the disaccharides or polysaccharides, select from the response list the correct hydrolysis products. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

Sucrose

A) glucose only
B) glucose and galactose
C) glucose and fructose
D) glucose and ribose

Question 44

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the stereochemical descriptions, select from the response list an appropriate set of structural formulas. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.
Mirror images

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 45

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the compound characterizations, select from the response list an appropriate structural formula. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.
An achiral compound

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 46

Use the following to answer the questions below:
In each of the following multiple-choice questions, characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices:
Statements: (1) The term sugar is a general designation for both monosaccharides and disaccharides.
(2) The "highest-numbered" chiral center in a monosaccharide is used to determine D- or L-configuration.
(3) Sucrose is a reducing sugar and lactose is a nonreducing sugar.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 47

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the stereochemical descriptions, select from the response list an appropriate set of structural formulas. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.
Epimers

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 48

Use the following to answer the questions below:
In each of the following multiple-choice questions, characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices:
Statements: (1) Mirror images of an achiral molecule are identical.
(2) All cyclic monosaccharides can exist in alpha- and beta-configurations.
(3) Reaction of an alcohol with a cyclic monosaccharide produces a glycoside.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 49

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the compound characterizations, select from the response list an appropriate structural formula. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.
Eight stereoisomers exist for this compound.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 50

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the disaccharides or polysaccharides, select from the response list the correct hydrolysis products. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

Glycogen

A) glucose only
B) glucose and galactose
C) glucose and fructose
D) glucose and ribose

Question 51

Use the following to answer the questions below:
In each of the following multiple-choice questions, characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices:
Statements: (1) The biochemical basis for different types of blood is a system of polysaccharide markers attached to red blood cell membranes.
(2) Lactose intolerance is a genetic condition caused by excessive amounts of the enzyme lactase.
(3) Aspartame, the most used artificial sweetener, is an indigestible trisaccharide.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 52

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the disaccharides or polysaccharides, select from the response list the correct hydrolysis products. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

Lactose

A) glucose only
B) glucose and galactose
C) glucose and fructose
D) glucose and ribose

Question 53

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the disaccharides or polysaccharides, select from the response list the correct hydrolysis products. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

Starch

A) glucose only
B) glucose and galactose
C) glucose and fructose
D) glucose and ribose

Question 54

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the stereochemical descriptions, select from the response list an appropriate set of structural formulas. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.
Diastereomers

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 55

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the disaccharides or polysaccharides, select from the response list the correct hydrolysis products. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.

Cellulose

A) glucose only
B) glucose and galactose
C) glucose and fructose
D) glucose and ribose

Question 56

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the compound characterizations, select from the response list an appropriate structural formula. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.
A chiral compound with two chiral centers

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 57

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the compound characterizations, select from the response list an appropriate structural formula. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.
Four different L-stereoisomers exist for this compound.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 58

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the stereochemical descriptions, select from the response list an appropriate set of structural formulas. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.
Enantiomers

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 59

Use the following to answer the questions below:
In each of the following multiple-choice questions, characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices:
Statements: (1) Cellulose and amylose are glucose polymers that differ in the type of glycosidic linkage present.
(2) All monosaccharides are either aldoses or ketoses.
(3) Enantiomers can never be epimers.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 60

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the compound characterizations, select from the response list an appropriate structural formula. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.
A chiral compound with one chiral center

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 61

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the disaccharides or polysaccharides, select from the response list the correct characterization of the type of glycosidic linkages present in the compound. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.


-Lactose

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 62

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the compound characterizations, select an appropriate structural formula from the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.
D-glucose

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 63

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the compound characterizations, select an appropriate structural formula from the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.
A beta monosaccharide

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 64

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the disaccharides or polysaccharides, select from the response list the correct characterization of the type of glycosidic linkages present in the compound. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.


-Amylopectin

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 65

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the disaccharides or polysaccharides, select from the response list the correct characterization of the type of glycosidic linkages present in the compound. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.


-Cellulose

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 66

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the compound characterizations, select an appropriate structural formula from the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.
A glycoside

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 67

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the compound characterizations, select an appropriate structural formula from the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.
Open-chain form is an aldopentose

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 68

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the compound characterizations, select an appropriate structural formula from the response list. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.
Open-chain form is a ketohexose

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 69

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the disaccharides or polysaccharides, select from the response list the correct characterization of the type of glycosidic linkages present in the compound. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.


-Sucrose

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 70

Use the following to answer the questions below:
For each of the disaccharides or polysaccharides, select from the response list the correct characterization of the type of glycosidic linkages present in the compound. Responses may be used more than once or need not be used at all.


-Chitin

A)
B)
C)
D)