Deck 12: Saturated Hydrocarbons

Question 1

The four hydrogen atoms bonded to the central carbon atom in methane lie at the corners or apexes of a

A) rectangle
B) tetrahedron
C) square
D) parallelogram

Answer 1

tetrahedron

Question 2

How many carbon atoms are present in the alkane whose IUPAC name is 2,2,4-trimethylpentane?

A) five
B) seven
C) eight
D) nine

Answer 2

eight

Question 3

In which of the following alkanes are two secondary carbon atoms present?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Answer 3

Question 4

The distinction between a saturated hydrocarbon and an unsaturated hydrocarbon relates to

A) boiling points
B) volatility
C) number of carbon atoms present
D) the number of multiple bonds present in the molecule

Question 5

The representation for the alkane propane is an example of

A) a molecular formula
B) a condensed structural formula
C) an expanded structural formula
D) a skeletal structural formula

Question 6

Which of the following is a general physical property of alkanes?

A) Low solubility in water.
B) Less volatile than water.
C) More dense than water.
D) More polar than water.

Question 7

Which of the following statements concerning organic compounds is correct?

A) Organic compounds are found only in non-living systems.
B) Organic compounds are always soluble in water.
C) Organic compounds cannot be found in nature; they must be synthesized in a laboratory.
D) Organic compounds always contain the element carbon.

Question 8

Which of the following alkanes has the IUPAC name 2-methylbutane?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 9

In which of the following pairs of alkanes are the two members of the pair constitutional isomers?

A) hexane and 3-methylhexane
B) 2,4-dimethylhexane and 2,4-dimethylheptane
C) ethane and propane
D) 3-methylnonane and 3,4-dimethyloctane

Question 10

How many hydrogen atoms are present in the molecule 2,5-dimethyloctane

A) 18
B) 20
C) 22
D) 24

Question 11

The minimum number of carbon atoms required to form a branched-chain alkane and a branched-chain alkyl group are, respectively,

A) three and three.
B) four and four.
C) three and four.
D) four and three.

Question 12

Which of the following is an incorrect IUPAC name for a cycloalkane?

A) cyclobutane
B) propylcyclopentane
C) 1,2-cyclopentane
D) 3,3-cyclopentane

Question 13

Constitutional isomerism is possible in alkanes only if the number of carbon atoms present is

A) four or more
B) five or more
C) an even number
D) an odd number

Question 14

There are three 5-carbon alkane constitutional isomers. Their molecular formulas are, respectively,

A) C₅H₁₁, C₅H₁₂, C₅H₁₃
B) C₅H₁₀, C₅H₁₂, C₅H₁₄
C) C₅H₁₂, C₅H₁₃, C₅H₁₄
D) C₅H₁₂, C₅H₁₂, C₅H₁₂

Question 15

When the molecular formulas for cyclic and noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms are compared, it is always found that the cycloalkane has

A) two more hydrogen atoms.
B) the same number of hydrogen atoms.
C) two less hydrogen atoms.
D) four less hydrogen atoms.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct alkane structural formula?

A) CH₃-CH₂-CH₃
B) CH₃-CH₃-CH₂
C) CH₂-CH₂-CH₂
D) CH₂-CH₃-CH₂

Question 17

The most important chemical use for alkanes relates to their chemical reaction with

A) hydrogen
B) oxygen
C) chlorine
D) bromine

Question 18

For which of the following cycloalkanes is cis-trans isomerism possible?

A) isopropylcyclopropane
B) propylcyclobutane
C) 1-methyl-1-propylcyclopropane
D) 1-ethyl-2-methylcyclodecane

Question 19

What is the common name for the halogenated hydrocarbon whose IUPAC name is 2-chloropropane?

A) sec-propyl chloride
B) ethyl chloride
C) propyl chloride
D) isopropyl chloride

Question 20

Which of the following could not be the molecular formula for an alkane molecule?

A) C₄H₁₀
B) C₅H₁₄
C) CH₄
D) C₂₄H₅₀

Question 21

The number of constitutional isomers possible for alkanes of a given molecular formula

A) is the same as the number of hydrogen atoms present
B) is double the number of carbon atoms present
C) cannot be calculated in a simple way from the molecular formula
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 22

Which of the following alkane structures contain both secondary and tertiary carbon atoms?

A)
B)
C)
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 23

Characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices: (1) Alkanes have limited solubility in water and are less dense than water.
(2) Propane is an alkane in which both 1^o and 2^o carbon atoms are present.
(3) Some, but not all cycloalkanes, can exist is cis-trans isomeric forms.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 24

In which of the following alkanes are 13 covalent bonds present?

A)
B)
C)
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 25

Which of the following alkanes has an IUPAC name that contains the word butane?

A)
B)
C)
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 26

In which of the following alkanes are 10 carbon atoms present?

A) 2,3-dimethyloctane
B) 3-ethyl-2,4-dimethylpentane
C) 3,4-diethylhexane
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 27

In which of the following alkanes does the number of substituents present equal the number of alkyl groups present?

A) 2-methylpentane
B) 2,2-dimethyloctane
C) 3,3,4-trimethyloctane
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 28

Which of the following compounds is a constitutional isomer of CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH₃?

A) 2-methylpentane
B) 2-methylbutane
C) 2,2-dimethylbutane
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 29

Which of the following cycloalkanes or cycloalkane derivatives contains 10 hydrogen atoms?

A) methylcyclobutane
B) 1,2-dimethylcyclobutane
C) 1,2-dichlorocyclohexane
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 30

Which of the following statements concerning the boiling points of specific alkanes is correct?

A) Hexane has a higher boiling point than heptane.
B) Pentane has a higher boiling point than 2-methylpentane.
C) Butane has a higher boiling point than cyclobutane.
D) More than one correct response.
E) No correct response.

Question 31

Which of the following is a correct pairing of common and IUPAC names for halogenated hydrocarbons?

A) ethyl chloride and dichloromethane
B) isopropyl chloride and 1-chloropropane
C) tert-butyl chloride and 2-chloro-2-methylpropane
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 32

Characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices: (1) Natural gas and petroleum constitute the largest and most important sources of both alkanes and cycloalkanes.
(2) The number of hydrogen atoms present in an alkane is always twice the number of carbon atoms plus two more.
(3) Unbranched alkane boiling points decrease as carbon chain-length increases.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 33

For which of the following alkanes are the products of complete combustion CO₂ and H₂O?

A) cyclobutane
B) octane
C) 2,3,3,4,4-pentamethylheptane
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 34

Which of the following statements concerning cycloalkanes is correct?

A) Molecular formula always fits the general formula C_nH_2n+2.
B) All are hydrocarbons.
C) Each exists in two or more isomeric forms.
D) More than one correct response.
E) No correct response.

Question 35

Characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices: (1) Cis-trans isomers have the same molecular formula and also the same structural formula.
(2) Molecules of the compound 1,3-dichlorocyclohexane contain 12 hydrogen atoms.
(3) The product from the reaction of one molecule of ethane with one molecule of Br₂ is 1,2-dibromoethane.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 36

Characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices: (1) The names propyl bromide and 1-bromopropane denote the same compound.
(2) Compounds with the molecular formula C₅H₁₀ are alkanes and those with the formula C₅H₁₂ are cycloalkanes.
(3) Alkanes readily undergo combustion when ignited to form H₂ gas and elemental carbon.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 37

Which of the following statements concerning saturated hydrocarbons is incorrect?

A) Every carbon atom present has four bonds.
B) All bonds present are single bonds.
C) Every carbon atom present must be bonded to at least two hydrogen atoms.
D) More than one correct response.
E) No correct response.

Question 38

Characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices: (1) A minimum of four carbon atoms is required in a cycloalkane.
(2) The molecules 2,4-dimethylpentane and 2,4-dimethylhexane are constitutional isomers.
(3) As a result of rotation about single bonds, all alkane molecules, except methane, can exist in an infinite number of conformations.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 39

Which of the following is a correct structural formula for an alkane?

A)
B)
C)
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 40

For which of the following halogenated cycloalkanes is cis-trans isomerism possible?

A) 1,1-dichlorocyclobutane
B) 1-bromo-1-chlorocyclobutane
C) 1-bromo-2-chlorocyclobutane
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 41

For the following compound, which is denoted using skeletal structural formulas, select from the response list the number of hydrogen atoms present in the compound.

A) 8 H atoms
B) 10 H atoms
C) 12 H atoms
D) 16 H atoms

Question 42

For the following compound, which is denoted using skeletal structural formulas, select from the response list the number of hydrogen atoms present in the compound.

A) 8 H atoms
B) 10 H atoms
C) 12 H atoms
D) 16 H atoms

Question 43

For the following compound, which is denoted using skeletal structural formulas, select from the response list the number of hydrogen atoms present in the compound.

A) 8 H atoms
B) 10 H atoms
C) 12 H atoms
D) 16 H atoms

Question 44

From the response list, select the correct molecular formula for 2,3,4-trimethylpentane.

A) C₆H₁₂
B) C₆H₁₄
C) C₈H₁₆
D) C₈H₁₈

Question 45

Select from the response list a compound that has two secondary carbon atoms present.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 46

Select from the response list a compound that has two alkyl groups present.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 47

Characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices: (1) Both 3-ethyl-2-methylnonane and 3-propyl-2-methylnonane are correct IUPAC names for alkanes.
(2) CFCs are halogenated hydrocarbons in which both Cl and F are present.
(3) The simplest family of unsaturated hydrocarbons is the alkanes.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 48

From the response list, select the correct molecular formula for 1,2-dimethylcyclobutane.

A) C₆H₁₂
B) C₆H₁₄
C) C₈H₁₆
D) C₈H₁₈

Question 49

Select from the response list a compound that has three kinds of carbon atoms present.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 50

From the response list, select the correct molecular formula for cyclohexane.

A) C₆H₁₂
B) C₆H₁₄
C) C₈H₁₆
D) C₈H₁₈

Question 51

Characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices: (1) All halogenated hydrocarbons have densities that are greater than that of water.
(2) Substituents are present in some, but not all, branched chain alkane molecules.
(3) There are two four-carbon branched-chain alkane constitutional isomers.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 52

For the following compound, which is denoted using skeletal structural formulas, select from the response list the number of hydrogen atoms present in the compound.

A) 8 H atoms
B) 10 H atoms
C) 12 H atoms
D) 16 H atoms

Question 53

Characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices: (1) Sixteen carbon atoms are present in the alkane 3-ethyl-4,5-dipropyloctane.
(2) Two three-carbon alkyl groups and three four-carbon alkyl groups exist.
(3) A condensed structural formula shows all atoms in a molecule but not all bonds in the molecule.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 54

Characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices: (1) Methane, the simplest alkane, is a major component of the atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn but only a minor component of Earth's atmosphere.
(2) Some solid-state alkanes find use as skin-softeners and skin-protectors.
(3) HFO's are fluorinated hydrocarbons in which a carbon-carbon double bond is present.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 55

Select from the response list a compound that has both primary and quaternary carbon atoms present.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 56

For the following compound, which is denoted using skeletal structural formulas, select from the response list the number of hydrogen atoms present in the compound.

A) 8 H atoms
B) 10 H atoms
C) 12 H atoms
D) 16 H atoms

Question 57

Select from the response list a compound that has two substituents present.

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 58

From the response list, select the correct molecular formula for 2,2-dimethylbutane.

A) C₆H₁₂
B) C₆H₁₄
C) C₈H₁₆
D) C₈H₁₈

Question 59

Characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices: (1) IUPAC names for cycloalkanes that have one substituent do not have any numbers in them.
(2) Both propane and cyclopropane are gases at room temperature and pressure.
(3) Halogenation of an alkane is an example of a substitution reaction.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 60

From the response list, select the correct molecular formula for 3-ethylhexane.

A) C₆H₁₂
B) C₆H₁₄
C) C₈H₁₆
D) C₈H₁₈

Question 61

From the response list, select the correct number of constitutional isomers that exist for dichlorocyclopentanes.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five

Question 62

For the pair of compounds, select a correct characterization from the response list: 1,2-dichlorocyclobutane and 1-bromo-2-chlorocyclopentane.

A) are constitutional isomers
B) have the same number of carbon atoms but are not constitutional isomers
C) both exist in cis-trans forms
D) one but not the other exists in cis-trans forms

Question 63

From the response list, select the correct number of constitutional isomers that exist for dichloroethanes

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five

Question 64

For the pair of compounds, select a correct characterization from the response list: cyclohexane and methylcyclopentane.

A) are constitutional isomers
B) have the same number of carbon atoms but are not constitutional isomers
C) both exist in cis-trans forms
D) one but not the other exists in cis-trans forms

Question 65

For the pair of compounds, select a correct characterization from the response list: pentane and 2, 2-Dimethylpropane.

A) are constitutional isomers
B) have the same number of carbon atoms but are not constitutional isomers
C) both exist in cis-trans forms
D) one but not the other exists in cis-trans forms

Question 66

From the response list, select the correct number of constitutional isomers that exist for a four-carbon cycloalkane.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five

Question 67

From the response list, select the correct number of constitutional isomers that exist for C₃H₆Cl₂.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five

Question 68

From the response list, select the correct number of constitutional isomers that exist for a five-carbon alkane.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five

Question 69

For the pair of compounds, select a correct characterization from the response list: butane and cyclobutane.

A) are constitutional isomers
B) have the same number of carbon atoms but are not constitutional isomers
C) both exist in cis-trans forms
D) one but not the other exists in cis-trans forms

Question 70

For the pair of compounds, select a correct characterization from the response list: chlorocyclobutane and 1, 2-Dichlorocyclopropane.

A) are constitutional isomers
B) have the same number of carbon atoms but are not constitutional isomers
C) both exist in cis-trans forms
D) one but not the other exists in cis-trans forms