Deck 10: Acids, Bases, and Salts

Question 1

If the pH of a salt solution is 5.3, the salt must be one which could be formed from the neutralization of

A) a strong acid and a strong base
B) a weak acid and a strong base
C) a strong acid and a weak base
D) HI and NaOH

Answer 1

a strong acid and a weak base

Question 2

Which of the following is produced in the first step of the dissociation of the acid H₃PO₄?

A) H₃PO₃
B) H₂PO₄^-
C) HPO₄^2-
D) PO₄^3-

Answer 2

H₂PO₄^-

Question 3

Which of the following does not describe an acidic solution?

A) The pH is less than 7.0
B) The [OH^-] is greater than 1.0 *10^-7
C) The [H₃O⁺] is greater than the [OH^-]
D) The [OH^-] is 6.0 *10^-10

Answer 3

The [OH^-] is greater than 1.0 *10^-7

Question 4

According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, a base is a(n)

A) proton donor
B) proton acceptor
C) electron donor
D) electron acceptor

Question 5

Acid ionization constants give information about

A) the equilibrium constants for the reaction of weak acids with water
B) the number of reactive hydrogens present in acids
C) whether acids are polyprotic
D) whether acids can neutralize bases

Question 6

Which of the following is not a conjugate acid/base pair?

A) NH₄⁺/NH₃
B) OH^-/O^2-
C) H₃PO₄/H₂PO₄^-
D) CO₂/CO₃^-

Question 7

In which of the following pairs of acids are both members of the pair strong acids?

A) H₃PO₄ and H₂SO₄
B) HI and HNO₃
C) H₂CO₃ and HI
D) HC₂H₃O₂ and HI

Question 8

In which of the following pairs of salts will both members of the pair hydrolyze in water to give solutions that are basic?

A) LiCl and NaCN
B) NH₄Cl and NH₄NO₃
C) NaC₂H₃O₂ and NaF
D) KNO₃ and Li₂SO₄

Question 9

Which of the following statements concerning Arrhenius acids and Arrhenius bases is incorrect?

A) In the pure state, Arrhenius acids are covalent compounds.
B) In the pure state, Arrhenius bases are ionic compounds.
C) Dissociation is the process by which Arrhenius acids produce H⁺ ions in solution.
D) Arrhenius bases are also called hydroxide bases.

Question 10

A buffer solution could be prepared from

A) RbI and HI
B) NaOH and HI
C) KC₂H₃O₂ and HC₂H₃O₂
D) LiCN and NaCN

Question 11

In the reaction N₃^- + H₂O HN₃ + OH^-, the Bronsted-Lowry base is

A) N₃^-.
B) H₂O.
C) HN₃.
D) OH^-.

Question 12

In which of the following pairs of substances are both members of the pair salts?

A) H₂SeO₄ and SrSeO₄
B) NaBr and NaOH
C) NH₄F and CsF
D) HNO₃ and NaOH

Question 13

A solution with a pH of 13.3 is

A) strongly acidic
B) weakly acidic
C) weakly basic
D) strongly basic

Question 14

The Ca²⁺ ion concentration, in Eq/L, in a solution that contains one mole of Ca²⁺ ion and two moles of Cl^- ion is

A) 0.5 Eq/L
B) 1 Eq/L
C) 2 Eq/L
D) 3 Eq/L

Question 15

Determining the concentration of an acid using an acid-base titration always involves completely reacting a measured volume of the acid with a known volume of

A) base of known concentration
B) 1.0 M base
C) indicator of known concentration
D) 1.0 M indicator

Question 16

If the pH of a solution increases from 3.1 to 5.1 the hydronium ion concentration

A) increases by a factor of 1.6
B) increases by a factor of 100
C) decreases by a factor of 1.6
D) decreases by a factor of 100

Question 17

In which of the following pairs of acids are both members of the pair polyprotic?

A) H₂SO₄ and HC₂H₃O₂
B) HNO₃ and H₂C₄H₄O₆
C) HC₂H₃O₂ and H₃C₆H₅O₇
D) H₃PO₄ and H₂C₄H₄O₇

Question 18

In the neutralization reaction between 0.6 M Ba(OH)₂ and 0.6 M HNO₃, the base and acid will react in a molar ratio of

A) one to one
B) one to two
C) two to one
D) two to two

Question 19

In which of the following pairings of compounds are both members of the pair strong electrolytes?

A) NaCN and LiI
B) NH₃ and HI
C) NaOH and H₂CO₃
D) KBr and HBr

Question 20

If a solution is buffered at a pH of 9.5, then the addition of a small amount of acid will cause the solution to have a pH of approximately

A) 7.5
B) 8.5
C) 9.5
D) 10.5

Question 21

Which of the following equations represents an acid-base neutralization reaction?

A) H₂SO₄ + Zn ZnSO₄ + H₂
B) HNO₃ + KOH KNO₃ + H₂O
C) Ba(OH)₂ + Na₂SO₄ BaSO₄ + 2NaOH
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 22

Which of the following pairings of molar amounts and equivalents is correct?

A) 1 mole of Cl^- ion = 1 equivalent Cl^- ion
B) 2 moles Ca²⁺ ion = 2 equivalents Ca²⁺ ion
C) 1 mole PO₄^3- ion = 3 equivalents PO₄^3- ion
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 23

In which of the following pairs of substances are both members of the pair salts?

A) NaCl and NaOH
B) KNO₃ and K₂SO₄
C) H₃PO₄ and (NH₄)₃PO₄
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 24

Which of the following statements concerning electrolytes is correct?

A) All strong acids are strong electrolytes.
B) Some salts are strong electrolytes and others are weak electrolytes.
C) Some molecular substances are strong electrolytes and others are weak electrolytes.
D) More than one correct response.
E) No correct response.

Question 25

Which of the following species is formed in the second step of the ionization of the triprotic acid H₃PO₄?

A) H₃O⁺
B) H₂PO₄^-
C) HPO₄^2-
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 26

Which of the following is a correct statement for a solution with a pH of 8.00?

A) The hydroxide ion concentration is greater than the hydronium ion concentration.
B) The hydronium ion concentration is 8.0 M.
C) The hydroxide ion concentration is 1.0 *10^-8 M.
D) More than one correct response.
E) No correct response.

Question 27

A buffer is a substance or combination of substances whose presence in an aqueous solution will

A) maintain a constant salt concentration
B) convert all weak acids to strong acids
C) keep the solution neutral
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 28

Which of the following statements concerning acid-base definitions is incorrect?

A) All Arrhenius acids are Bronsted-Lowry acids.
B) All Bronsted-Lowry bases are Arrhenius bases.
C) Bronsted-Lowry acid-base definitions are independent of the solvent water.
D) More than one correct response.
E) No correct response.

Question 29

The pH of a buffered solution

A) always equals 7.0
B) may be acidic or basic depending on the buffer present
C) changes drastically when a small amount of acid is added
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 30

In which of the following pairs of acids are both members of the pair strong acids?

A) HNO₃ and HNO₂
B) H₂SO₄ and H₂SO₃
C) HCl and HClO₄
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 31

Characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices: (1) In aqueous solution, Arrhenius acids undergo ionization and Arrhenius bases undergo dissociation.
(2) Production of the salt NaNO₃ through a neutralization reaction involves the reaction of a weak acid with a strong base.
(3) The ion product constant for water, at 24^oC, has the numerical value 1.0 x 10^-14.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 32

In which of the following salts would both the positive ion and the negative ion hydrolyze when the salt is dissolved in water?

A) NaCl
B) NaCN
C) NH₄Cl
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 33

Characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices: (1) In Arrhenius acid-base theory, the acidic species is the hydronium ion and the basic species is the hydroxide ion.
(2) An amphiprotic substance can function as either a Bronsted-Lowry acid or a Bronsted-Lowry base.
(3) All soluble salts are strong electrolytes.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 34

Characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices: (1) The result of salt hydrolysis in aqueous solution is always a basic solution.
(2) Arrhenius acids are ionic compounds and Bronsted-Lowry acids are covalent compounds.
(3) Each successive step in the dissociation of a polyprotic acid occurs to a greater extent than the previous step.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 35

Which of the following statements about weak acids is correct?

A) Weak acids always contain C atoms.
B) The percentage dissociation for weak acids is usually in the range of 40-60 percent.
C) Weak acid molecules readily lose only a small percentage of their acidic hydrogen atoms.
D) More than one correct response.
E) No correct response.

Question 36

Characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices: (1) Formation of a coordinate covalent bond is always part of a Bronsted-Lowry acid-base reaction.
(2) The compound H₂CO₃ is both a strong acid and a diprotic acid.
(3) The pH of a solution with [OH^-] = 1 10^-8 is 6.0.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 37

The H₂PO₄^- ion has both a conjugate acid and a conjugate base. It is true that

A) H₃PO₄ is the conjugate acid.
B) HPO₄^2- is the conjugate base.
C) H₂PO₃^- is the conjugate base.
D) More than one correct response.
E) No correct response.

Question 38

Characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices: (1) Both members of a Bronsted-Lowry conjugate acid-base pair must contain the element hydrogen.
(2) The larger the value of the acid ionization constant for an acid, the weaker the acid is.
(3) Weak acids cannot completely neutralize strong bases.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 39

Which of the following statements is correct for the Bronsted-Lowry acid-base reaction

A) HCO₃^- is the conjugate base of HCN.
B) HCN is the conjugate acid of HCO₃^-.
C) HCO₃^- and CN^- are a conjugate acid-base pair.
D) More than one correct response.
E) No correct response.

Question 40

Which of the following indicates an acidic solution?

A) pH = 7.5
B) [H₃O⁺] = 5.0 *10^-5
C) [OH^-] = 2.0 *10^-8
D) more than one correct response
E) no correct response

Question 41

Select from the response list the compound or ion that best fits the description: reacts with OH^- to form HPO₄^2-.

A) H₃PO₄
B) H₂PO₄^-
C) HPO₄^2-
D) PO₄^3-

Question 42

Characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices: (1) A Bronsted-Lowry base must contain an atom that can accept a proton.
(2) Both acidic and nonacidic hydrogen atoms may be present in an acid molecule.
(3) The molar hydronium ion concentration in a solution of pH 6.0 is 1 ? 10^-6.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 43

Select from the response list the compound that best fits the description: a substance that reacts with NaOH to produce Na₃PO₄.

A) KOH
B) NaNO₃
C) H₃PO₄
D) K₃PO₄

Question 44

Select from the response list for the acid that best fits the description: a monoprotic strong acid.

A) HCl
B) HC₂H₃O₂
C) H₂C₃H₂O₂
D) H₂SO₄

Question 45

Select from the response list the compound or ion that best fits the description: will form a buffer with PO₄^3-.

A) H₃PO₄
B) H₂PO₄^-
C) HPO₄^2-
D) PO₄^3-

Question 46

Characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices: (1) All rainfall, even in unpolluted areas, is acidic.
(2) Blood plasma, interstitial fluid, and intracellular fluid, the three general types of body fluids, all contain electrolytes.
(3) Blood plasma is slightly acidic because ions it contains undergo hydrolysis.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 47

Characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices: (1) The total number of hydrogen atoms present in one molecule of an acid is the basis for classifying it as monoprotic, diprotic, triprotic, etc.
(2) In all Bronsted-Lowry acid-base reactions, the acidic species reacts with the basic species to produce water.
(3) A buffer is a solution that experiences zero change in pH when a small amount of acid or base is added to it.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 48

Select from the response list the compound or ion that best fits the description: conjugate acid of HPO₄^2-.

A) H₃PO₄
B) H₂PO₄^-
C) HPO₄^2-
D) PO₄^3-

Question 49

Select from the response list for the acid that best fits the description: an acid that completely dissociates in solution to produce negative ions with a charge of one.

A) HCl
B) HC₂H₃O₂
C) H₂C₃H₂O₂
D) H₂SO₄

Question 50

Select from the response list the compound that best fits the description: a substance that reacts with H₂SO₄ to produce K₂SO₄.

A) KOH
B) NaNO₃
C) H₃PO₄
D) K₃PO₄

Question 51

Select from the response list the compound that best fits the description: a substance produced when HNO₃ neutralizes NaOH.

A) KOH
B) NaNO₃
C) H₃PO₄
D) K₃PO₄

Question 52

Select from the response list for the acid that best fits the description: an acid that has two nonacidic hydrogens.

A) HCl
B) HC₂H₃O₂
C) H₂C₃H₂O₂
D) H₂SO₄

Question 53

Select from the response list the compound or ion that best fits the description: conjugate base of H₃PO₄.

A) H₃PO₄
B) H₂PO₄^-
C) HPO₄^2-
D) PO₄^3-

Question 54

Characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices: (1) The two members of a Bronsted-Lowry conjugate acid-base pair will always differ from each other by one unit of charge.
(2) An equivalent of an ion is always the charge on the ion divided by two.
(3) In an acid-base titration, the indicator changes color when the reaction between it and added acid is complete.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 55

Select from the response list the compound that best fits the description: a salt whose dissociation produces equal amounts of two ions.

A) KOH
B) NaNO₃
C) H₃PO₄
D) K₃PO₄

Question 56

Select from the response list for the acid that best fits the description: an acid that has more nonacidic hydrogens than acidic hydrogens.

A) HCl
B) HC₂H₃O₂
C) H₂C₃H₂O₂
D) H₂SO₄

Question 57

Select from the response list the compound that best fits the description: a salt whose dissociation produces more positive ions than negative ions.

A) KOH
B) NaNO₃
C) H₃PO₄
D) K₃PO₄

Question 58

Characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices: (1) The terms proton and hydrogen ion are used interchangeably in acid-base discussions.
(2) Some hydroxide ion is present in all acidic solutions.
(3) The two active species in a buffer are a strong acid and its conjugate base.

A) All three statements are true.
B) Two of the three statements are true.
C) Only one of the statements is true.
D) None of the statements is true.

Question 59

Select from the response list the compound or ion that best fits the description: reacts with H₃O⁺ to form HPO₄^2-.

A) H₃PO₄
B) H₂PO₄^-
C) HPO₄^2-
D) PO₄^3-

Question 60

Select from the response list for the acid that best fits the description: a diprotic weak acid.

A) HCl
B) HC₂H₃O₂
C) H₂C₃H₂O₂
D) H₂SO₄

Question 61

For the solution description, select a correct characterization from the response list: [H₃O⁺] = 2.0 10^-8 M.

A) an acidic solution
B) a basic solution
C) a neutral solution
D) a buffer solution

Question 62

For the solution description, select a correct characterization from the response list: pH = 7.00.

A) an acidic solution
B) a basic solution
C) a neutral solution
D) a buffer solution

Question 63

For the solution description, select a correct characterization from the response list: [OH^-] = 3.0 10^--6 M.

A) an acidic solution
B) a basic solution
C) a neutral solution
D) a buffer solution

Question 64

Characterize the following solution using the response list: aqueous NaOH solution.

A) an acidic solution
B) a basic solution
C) a neutral solution
D) a buffer solution

Question 65

For the solution description, select a correct characterization from the response list: [H₃O⁺] is twice the [OH^-].

A) an acidic solution
B) a basic solution
C) a neutral solution
D) a buffer solution

Question 66

Characterize the following solution using the response list: aqueous HCl solution.

A) an acidic solution
B) a basic solution
C) a neutral solution
D) a buffer solution

Question 67

Characterize the following solution using the response list: aqueous NaCl solution.

A) an acidic solution
B) a basic solution
C) a neutral solution
D) a buffer solution

Question 68

Characterize the following solution using the response list: aqueous NH₄Cl solution.

A) an acidic solution
B) a basic solution
C) a neutral solution
D) a buffer solution

Question 69

For the solution description, select a correct characterization from the response list: pH = 2.30.

A) an acidic solution
B) a basic solution
C) a neutral solution
D) a buffer solution

Question 70

Characterize the following solution using the response list: aqueous NaCN solution.

A) an acidic solution
B) a basic solution
C) a neutral solution
D) a buffer solution