Deck 15: Late Adulthood: the Social World

Question 1

During their growth spurt, girls gain less fat than boys do.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The average age of menarche for girls of normal weight is 14 years 8 months.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Late-maturing girls tend to have a worse body image than their early-maturing peers do.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

It appears that the timing of menarche is related to the accumulation of a certain amount of body fat, which is why heavy girls generally menstruate earlier than other girls do.

Question 5

Hormonal increases directly lead to interest in sex.

Question 6

In adolescence, growth proceeds in a proximodistal pattern.

Question 7

Deepening of the voice is among the first signs of pubertal changes in males.

Question 8

Secondary sex characteristics signify masculinity and femininity.

Question 9

Menarche does not usually occur until a girl weighs 100 pounds.

Question 10

The major events of growth and sexual maturation associated with puberty typically are completed a year or two after puberty begins.

Question 11

Most American high school students eat the recommended amount of vegetables daily.

Question 12

Both boys and girls produce androgens and estrogens.

Question 13

Secondary sex characteristics involve reproductive organs such as the uterus and testes.

Question 14

Primary sex characteristics include pubic hair and nipple changes.

Question 15

Boys may experience some breast swelling during puberty.

Question 16

It is typical for children to begin seeing pubertal changes in their bodies between ages 8 and 14.

Question 17

Precocious puberty is sexual development before the age of 6.

Question 18

Studies suggest that genes influence the timing of puberty.

Question 19

During adolescence, the heart doubles in size, the pulse rate decreases, and blood pressure increases.

Question 20

Stress in an adolescent's family increases the hormones of puberty.

Question 21

The prefrontal cortex is where planning ahead and emotional regulation occur.

Question 22

A dual-process model of thinking includes inductive and deductive thinking.

Question 23

One reason for nutritional deficiencies during adolescence is preoccupation with body image.

Question 24

The invincibility fable reflects adolescent egocentrism.

Question 25

Brain immaturity is the origin of every "troublesome adolescent behavior."

Question 26

The frontal lobes (prefrontal cortex) are the first part of the brain to develop.

Question 27

In an experiment by Piaget that involved balancing a scale with weights, children were first able to use the trial-and-error method to achieve some understanding of balancing at approximately 10 years of age.

Question 28

Binge eating disorder occurs when someone periodically and compulsively overeats, quickly consuming large amounts of food. In the case of this disorder they do not purge.

Question 29

"This creature barks and wags its tail. Dogs bark and wag tails. Therefore, this must be a dog." This is an example of deductive reasoning.

Question 30

Hypothetical thought involves reasoning only about propositions that reflect reality.

Question 31

Valerie uses laxatives to control her severe overconsumption of calories. Valerie suffers from anorexia nervosa.

Question 32

Intuitive thought is cognitively easier than analytic thought.

Question 33

Most teens are fairly satisfied with their physical appearance.

Question 34

Egocentrism leads adolescents to interpret everyone else's behavior as if it were a judgment on them.

Question 35

As adolescents develop their capacity for hypothetical thinking, they become more capable of deductive reasoning.

Question 36

Many adolescents enjoy intense sensory experiences because the limbic system matures well before the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for emotional regulation.

Question 37

The belief in an imaginary audience makes adolescents self-conscious.

Question 38

Emotional control is fully developed by adolescence.

Question 39

Gus, an adolescent, constantly thinks about himself and how others perceive him. This egocentrism is common at his age.

Question 40

Adolescents' belief that others are as intensely interested in them as they are in themselves is referred to as the invincibility fable.

Question 41

The first outward sign of puberty in a typical girl is _____.

A) an increase in weight
B) the development of muscular strength
C) a spurt in height
D) the onset of nipple growth

Question 42

For boys, the usual sequence of physical changes in puberty is _____.

A) growth of the testes; initial pubic hair growth; growth of the penis; spermarche
B) growth of the testes; growth of the penis; initial pubic hair growth; spermarche
C) spermarche; growth of the testes; growth of the penis; initial pubic hair growth
D) initial pubic hair growth; growth of the testes; spermarche; growth of the penis

Question 43

Today's adults are considered to be "digital natives."

Question 44

Usually, academic achievement increases during middle school.

Question 45

Analytic thought and intuitive thought both develop during adolescence, although analytic thought often overrides intuitive thought when many adolescents are together.

Question 46

For girls, menarche is _____.

A) the beginning of growth of the uterus
B) the first ovulation of a mature egg
C) a girl's first menstrual period
D) the first year of menstruation

Question 47

One danger of sexting is that pictures may be forwarded without the person's knowledge.

Question 48

Cyberbullying is less harmful if the victim believes in the imaginary audience.

Question 49

High school students can think abstractly, analytically, hypothetically, and logically as well as emotionally and intuitively.

Question 50

A boy's first ejaculation of seminal fluid is called _____.

A) penis growth
B) spermarche
C) first intercourse
D) pubic hair

Question 51

Secondary education traditionally consists of grades 7 through 12.

Question 52

For girls, the usual sequence of physical changes in puberty is _____.

A) menarche, the growth spurt, and the beginning of breast development
B) nipple growth, the growth spurt, and menarche
C) the growth spurt, menarche, and the beginning of breast development
D) the growth spurt, the beginning of breast development, and menarche

Question 53

All high school students who take Advanced Placement classes will be well prepared for college.

Question 54

Mastery motivation among adolescents can be enhanced by encouraging a belief in the incremental theory of intelligence.

Question 55

Middle schools are designed to foster strong teacher-student relationships.

Question 56

As compared to intuitive thought, analytic thought is generally preferred in everyday life.

Question 57

Because the limbic system is activated by puberty but the prefrontal cortex matures more gradually over time, adolescents might be swayed by their intuition instead of by logic.

Question 58

Abigail, age 12, has just experienced a sudden growth spurt. According to the usual sequence of puberty, soon she will notice _____.

A) initial pubic hair growth
B) breast development
C) her hips growing wider
D) an increase in her shoe size

Question 59

For both girls and boys, puberty typically begins as young as _____ years of age or as late as _____ years of age.

A) 5; 18
B) 7; 16
C) 8; 14
D) 10; 13

Question 60

The period in which children's bodies become adult in terms of size, shape, and sexuality is called _____.

A) puberty
B) youth
C) the growth spurt
D) secondary sex development

Question 61

Which statement about the correlation between body fat and onset of puberty among females is correct?

A) There is no correlation between body fat and the onset of puberty among females.
B) There is a positive correlation between body fat and onset of puberty among females.
C) There is a negative correlation between body fat and the onset of puberty among females.
D) There is a correlation between body fat and the onset of puberty only among female adolescents who are Native American.

Question 62

The first hormones to begin the process of puberty are signaled from the adolescent's _____ and then produced by the adrenal glands.

A) gonads
B) penis or uterus
C) adrenal glands
D) pituitary gland

Question 63

The day-night cycle that occurs approximately every 24 hours is the _____.

A) biorhythm
B) night-day cycle
C) sleep cycle
D) circadian rhythm

Question 64

Later high school start times have been associated with all of the following EXCEPT _____.

A) less adolescent depression
B) higher grades
C) less student absenteeism
D) decreased college attendance

Question 65

About _____ of the variation in age of puberty is determined by genes.

A) one-half
B) two-thirds
C) one-fourth
D) three-fourths

Question 66

Gregory, age 11, noticed that he has some pubic hair. According to the usual sequence of puberty, his next pubertal event will probably be _____.

A) beard development
B) penis growth
C) spermarche
D) voice change

Question 67

Peak fertility occurs _____ years after activated gonads produce mature ova and sperm.

A) two to four
B) four to six
C) six to eight
D) eight to ten

Question 68

While visiting an exhibit on seventeenth-century life, Rachel noticed that the adult clothing and shoes seemed to be quite small. The curator explained that current generations are taller than past generations, a phenomenon known as _____.

A) the secular trend
B) obesity
C) genetic predisposition
D) more exercise

Question 69

Statistically, which student is MOST likely to fall asleep during class?

A) Ariel, age 5
B) Wilhelm, age 8
C) Allen, age 11
D) Rose, age 14

Question 70

A boy's first ejaculation generally occurs _____.

A) when facial hair first appears
B) after the peak growth spurt
C) following growth of the penis
D) when the final pubic hair pattern is established

Question 71

A school schedule that begins at _____ and ends at _____ would be the best fit for adolescent sleep patterns.

A) 8:00 A.M.; 3:10 P.M.
B) 6:00 A.M.; 1:10 P.M.
C) 7:00 A.M.; 2:10 P.M.
D) 9:00 A.M.; 4:10 P.M.

Question 72

The sex hormones secreted in greater amounts by males than by females are the _____.

A) gonadotropins
B) androgens
C) estrogens
D) adrenalines

Question 73

Statistically, which adolescent is MOST apt to reach puberty first?

A) Michelle, who is European American
B) Cecilia, who is Hispanic American
C) Rebecca, who is African American
D) Maria, who is Chinese American

Question 74

The gland that produces the hormones that stimulate the adrenal glands is the _____.

A) pituitary
B) gonad
C) hypothalamus
D) thyroid

Question 75

What substance(s) cause(s) the ovaries and testes to greatly increase their production of estradiol and testosterone?

A) human growth hormones
B) follicle-stimulating hormones
C) gonadotropin-releasing hormone
D) cortisol

Question 76

Since he entered puberty, Damian has been staying awake late at night and craving sleep in the mornings. His parents should realize that this _____.

A) means that he needs professional help
B) means that he is trying to avoid them
C) is due to changes in his brain
D) is due to hormonal shifts

Question 77

Body chemicals that regulate sleep, moods, hunger, and stress are called _____.

A) neurotransmitters
B) the brain stem
C) hormones
D) adrenal glands

Question 78

At adolescence, the pituitary activates the _____, which are the ovaries in females and testicles in males.

A) gonads
B) pituitary glands
C) adrenal glands
D) sex glands

Question 79

Buster is an adolescent who experiences sleep deprivation, which makes him more likely to experience all of the following EXCEPT _____.

A) insomnia
B) self-awareness
C) depression
D) nightmares

Question 80

Over the last two centuries, children have reached their adult height earlier and are taller than their ancestors. What is the official name of this phenomenon?

A) secular trend
B) evolution
C) genetic predisposition
D) generational trend