Deck 5: Early Childhood: Body and Mind

Question 1

The "Big Five" refers to the five basic clusters of personality.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Each cohort is less likely to marry than the previous one.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

In Erikson's sixth stage, every adult seeks close relationships with other people in order to live a happy and healthy life.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Gay, lesbian, and heterosexual couples can be either supportive or destructive.

Question 5

Since Donato and Gemma's children have moved away and started their own families, their home is now an empty nest.

Question 6

Divorce often weakens or destroys family bonds beyond that of the spousal relationship.

Question 7

A good indication of family closeness is whether family members live with one another, close to one another, or distant from one another.

Question 8

Maslow linked chronological age to adult development on his hierarchy of needs.

Question 9

Whether an individual ranks high or low in each of the Big Five personality traits depends in part on genetics.

Question 10

As adults age, their friendships tend to stagnate.

Question 11

As adults age, sibling relationships tend to become closer.

Question 12

Most adults seek long-term romantic partners.

Question 13

For remarried fathers, bonds with their new stepchildren or with a new baby may replace strained relationships with their children from a prior marriage.

Question 14

According to a study of twins living in Denmark, twins are more apt to get married than single-born adults.

Question 15

A person exhibits the same personality traits in all contexts.

Question 16

Introversion is a proposed sixth personality dimension that may be added to the Big Five.

Question 17

Adequate income is not correlated with marital satisfaction.

Question 18

The group of people who move through life with an individual, providing protection and encouragement, is his or her social convoy.

Question 19

Consequential strangers are people who have no impact on a person's life.

Question 20

According to Erikson, the search for identity is complete at the end of the stage of identity versus role confusion.

Question 21

The theorist who proposed the idea that individuals continue to develop into adulthood was _____.

A) Freud
B) Erikson
C) Skinner
D) Vygotsky

Question 22

Generativity can focus on raising children or employment.

Question 23

The intrinsic rewards of work often result in less absenteeism and job change.

Question 24

Fictive kin are people accepted as part of a family without having biological or marital ties to that family.

Question 25

Extrinsic rewards of work include pride in a job well done and friendship at the workplace.

Question 26

What is Erikson's third stage of adulthood?

A) trust versus mistrust
B) generativity versus stagnation
C) integrity versus despair
D) industry versus inferiority

Question 27

Although Erikson's stages of psychosocial development are sequential, the search for identity that begins in the stage of identity versus role confusion _____.

A) can linger long past the teenage years
B) ends with the stage of intimacy versus isolation
C) ends with the stage of generativity versus stagnation
D) comes to fruition only after the stage of integrity versus despair

Question 28

Weekend work, especially with mandatory overtime, is particularly difficult for father-child relationships.

Question 29

Micro-aggressions may go unnoticed by those in the majority.

Question 30

Fifty years ago, the U.S. civilian labor force was 74 percent male and 89 percent non-Hispanic White.

Question 31

What is one of Erikson's stages of adulthood?

A) trust versus mistrust
B) initiative versus guilt
C) generativity versus stagnation
D) industry versus inferiority

Question 32

Most adoptions today are "open"; that is, the adopted child is aware that the biological mother released him or her to the adoptive parents.

Question 33

Adults can achieve generativity through caregiving.

Question 34

Most kinkeepers are middle-aged women.

Question 35

In Erikson's seventh stage, adults seek to be productive in a caring way, often as parents.

Question 36

Because Cindi is caring for her teenage children and her elderly parents, she is a member of the sandwich generation.

Question 37

Most foster children have experienced long-standing maltreatment and have witnessed violence.

Question 38

What is Erikson's first stage of adulthood?

A) trust versus mistrust
B) intimacy versus isolation
C) integrity versus despair
D) industry versus inferiority

Question 39

What is one of Erikson's stages of adulthood?

A) trust versus mistrust
B) initiative versus guilt
C) intimacy versus isolation
D) industry versus inferiority

Question 40

Most nonparents overestimate the difficulty of parenting.

Question 41

With increasing age, the trait of neuroticism tends to _____.

A) transform into extroversion
B) increase
C) be modified
D) remain stable

Question 42

A long-term committed partnership correlates with health and happiness throughout adulthood and late adulthood. For most people, then, _____ is the crucial aspect of love in a partnership.

A) intimacy
B) infatuation
C) commitment
D) passion

Question 43

Committed partners who maintain separate homes but function as a committed couple are said to be _____.

A) living apart together
B) residing in an empty nest
C) avoiding marriage
D) consequential strangers

Question 44

A person who has many of the personality traits associated with extroversion would be described as _____.

A) depressed and anxious
B) active and outgoing
C) open and receptive
D) creative and intelligent

Question 45

An open woman born in 1960 and high in conscientiousness was likely to have _____ kids.

A) only two
B) more than two
C) one or no
D) at least one

Question 46

Samuel is moody, anxious, and self-punishing. Samuel is high in _____.

A) openness
B) extroversion
C) conscientiousness
D) neuroticism

Question 47

The Big Five personality traits _____.

A) are present in highly varying degrees throughout much of adulthood
B) apply only to people living in North America
C) first become obvious in preschool children
D) are apparent in every culture and era

Question 48

Which statement about personality is accurate?

A) There is only empirical evidence that personality is innate.
B) Genes are the only influence on adult personality.
C) Adult personality can be influenced by context.
D) Geography does not influence adult personality.

Question 49

Chris is high in extroversion and therefore will probably _____.

A) be likely to get a divorce
B) have a life that is in constant flux
C) become a librarian or a safety inspector
D) get married

Question 50

Ronald seems to thrive on changing jobs, is artistic, and likes to try new things. He would be rated high on the personality dimension called _____.

A) extroversion
B) openness
C) neuroticism
D) sociability

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality traits?

A) selflessness
B) openness
C) extroversion
D) agreeableness

Question 52

How many levels are in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A) three
B) five
C) seven
D) 10

Question 53

A man who changes jobs frequently, moves often, and always seems happier because of such changes is likely to be high in _____.

A) conscientiousness
B) openness
C) neuroticism
D) extroversion

Question 54

Those who know her describe Matilda as a kind, helpful, and easygoing person. She is high on which of the Big Five traits?

A) agreeableness
B) neuroticism
C) openness
D) conscientiousness

Question 55

Cohabitation is _____ and marriage rates are _____ with adults.

A) decreasing; decreasing
B) decreasing; increasing
C) increasing; decreasing
D) increasing; increasing

Question 56

Of U.S. residents born before 1940, what percentage married?

A) 10
B) 33
C) 50
D) 96

Question 57

Among the actions and attitudes linked to the Big Five are all of the following EXCEPT _____.

A) education
B) marriage
C) divorce
D) employment

Question 58

Davetta is very organized and self-disciplined. She conforms easily to standards set for her performance at work. She is high on which of the Big Five traits?

A) agreeableness
B) openness
C) conscientiousness
D) extroversion

Question 59

According to Erikson's stage of _____, every adult seeks close relationships with other people in order to live a happy and healthy life.

A) genrativity versus stagnation
B) integrity versus despair
C) identity versus role confusion
D) intimacy versus isolation

Question 60

Which personality trait tends to increase with age?

A) extroversion
B) openness
C) conscientiousness
D) neuroticism

Question 61

Evelyn divorced three years ago. Upon remarriage, Evelyn is likely to experience a decrease in _____.

A) intimacy
B) health problems
C) depression
D) family problems

Question 62

Approximately what proportion of divorces terminates an abusive or destructive relationship?

A) one-quarter
B) one-third
C) one-half
D) three-quarters

Question 63

Gay and lesbian romantic relationships differ from heterosexual relationships in what way?

A) physical intimacy
B) emotional health
C) commitment
D) they do not differ

Question 64

Research finds that women typically suffer from divorce more than men do, but that many divorced men experience _____.

A) difficulty meeting new women
B) increased loneliness
C) unresolved anger over the breakup
D) increased financial challenges

Question 65

What proportion of all first marriages end in divorce?

A) one-eighth
B) one-third
C) two-thirds
D) three-quarters

Question 66

How does the relationship between siblings typically change from adolescence to adulthood?

A) The relationship improves if the siblings are of the same gender.
B) The relationship improves for brothers but not for sisters.
C) The siblings tend to grow more distant.
D) The siblings tend to become closer.

Question 67

Remarriage is more common _____.

A) among those who have infants
B) among those who have teenage children
C) as SES decreases
D) as SES rises

Question 68

At least initially, remarriage brings which conditions?

A) poorer health
B) financial insecurity
C) better health
D) the same level of happiness as in the first marriage

Question 69

An acquaintance who is not a friend but still has an impact on an adult's life is called a _____.

A) social convoy
B) kinkeeper
C) consequential stranger
D) fictive kin

Question 70

All of Paulo and Geneva's children have moved out, started families, and are working on their careers. According to the text, Paulo and Geneva's home is now a(n) _____.

A) haven of quiet
B) empty nest
C) lonely cavern
D) house of mirrors

Question 71

After children have grown, MOST couples find that _____.

A) their financial strains are overwhelming
B) their relationships improve
C) there are more fights over equity in domestic work
D) less time is spent in shared activities

Question 72

Getting married, having children, and living in separate residences has the potential to increase the likelihood of _____ sibling relationships in adulthood.

A) improving
B) straining
C) ambivalent
D) ending

Question 73

The group of people that moves through life with an individual while providing both protection and encouragement is called a _____.

A) familial collection
B) social convoy
C) fictive kin
D) support network

Question 74

Research indicates that remarried people initially restore all of the following EXCEPT _____.

A) intimacy
B) health
C) previous friendships
D) financial security

Question 75

As people age, their friendships tend to _____.

A) dissipate
B) fade
C) stagnate
D) improve

Question 76

A study of 7,578 adults in seven nations found that physical separation between parents and adult children _____.

A) weakened family ties
B) created conflict between parents and the adult children
C) strengthened the relationships between parents and adult children
D) caused parents to spend more time and resources supporting adult children

Question 77

After the children are grown, most married couples _____.

A) spend longer hours at work
B) dislike being "empty nesters"
C) have adequate time for their relationship
D) see little of each other

Question 78

People who are not in a person's closest convoy but who still have an effect on the person's life by providing information, support, or new ideas are known as _____.

A) intimate strangers
B) intimate friends
C) consequential strangers
D) consequential friends

Question 79

Manuel and Rosa have been married for nearly 30 years. Their youngest child left home six months ago. If they are typical, the quality of their marriage should _____.

A) remain constant, no different from earlier years
B) worsen because there are no children to act as buffers
C) be tumultuous because they have grown apart over the years
D) improve because they have more time to spend together

Question 80

Individuals who are accepted into a family that is not their legal or genetic family are called _____.

A) fictive kin
B) kinkeepers
C) social convoys
D) generative allies