Deck 6: Early Childhood: the Social World

Question 1

The wear-and-tear theory contends that the body wears out, causing aging.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Ageism is defined as a negative attitude toward the elderly.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Elderspeak is necessary to enable older people to comprehend speech.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

After years of heavy smoking, Rita has developed emphysema. Her condition is due to the effects of primary aging.

Question 5

A five-nation study indicated that regular sexual intercourse is the most significant predictor of happiness in long-term romances.

Question 6

The inability to replicate all of the telomeres at the ends of the chromosomes causes aging, according to the wear-and-tear theory.

Question 7

Gerontologists agree that the average life expectancy for humans will continue to increase indefinitely.

Question 8

According to one theory of aging, the genetic clock switches on genes that promote aging.

Question 9

Calorie restriction has been shown to reverse neurocognitive disorder.

Question 10

The wear-and-tear theory proposes that we age because new cells are imperfect copies of old ones.

Question 11

An older adult who reduces driving at night is using selective optimization with compensation.

Question 12

When the elderly internalize ageist attitudes, those attitudes can become a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 13

Changing one's views about what constitutes satisfying sex is an example of selective optimization with compensation.

Question 14

The existence of the Hayflick limit disproves the theory of the genetic clock.

Question 15

The world is undergoing a demographic shift toward more older adults and fewer young children.

Question 16

The specific physical illnesses or conditions that become more common with aging are features of primary aging.

Question 17

Older adults spend more time in bed, take longer to fall asleep, and wake about 10 times per night.

Question 18

Primary aging reveals the consequences of inherited weaknesses, health habits, and environmental conditions.

Question 19

Most adults over age 65 do not need eyeglasses.

Question 20

Primary aging is environmental.

Question 21

Anthony couldn't remember whether he had learned about a news item from the newspaper, the television newscast, or the Internet. This is an example of source amnesia.

Question 22

As humans ages, thinking and reaction time slow down.

Question 23

Depression in late adulthood is the most common reversible condition that is mistaken for major NCD.

Question 24

Working memory improves with age.

Question 25

New neurons form and dendrites continue to grow in adulthood.

Question 26

Alzheimer's disease is always genetic in origin.

Question 27

Control processes depend on the temporal lobe.

Question 28

The universal and irreversible physical changes that happen to all people are features of primary aging.

Question 29

It is ageist to call someone senile.

Question 30

Plaques and tangles in the brain characterize major NCD due to Alzheimer's disease.

Question 31

The best strategy for preventing cognitive impairment is to engage in physical exercise.

Question 32

Frontotemporal NCDs are likely to occur prior to age 70.

Question 33

Osteoporosis is the official name for fragile bones that have lost density with age.

Question 34

Major neurocognitive disorder is an expected condition in the very aged population.

Question 35

Compression of morbidity refers to lengthening the amount of time that a person spends ill or infirm.

Question 36

The brain slows down, and connections between parts weaken, leading to faster processing time.

Question 37

Frontotemporal NCDs can cause personality changes.

Question 38

Older people are more likely to use both hemispheres of the brain to solve problems.

Question 39

Vascular disease is caused by successive ministrokes that kill off parts of the brain.

Question 40

Parkinson's disease begins with impaired thinking.

Question 41

At age 75, Julie is typical of people her age. She believes that when compared to others of the same age _____.

A) everyone is faring quite similarly
B) they are doing better than she is; she has more problems
C) she is doing well but they have more problems and are self-absorbed
D) everyone gets what he or she deserves and she deserves more

Question 42

Some characteristics of self-actualization include a deep appreciation for nature or an engagement with artistic pursuits.

Question 43

Using elderspeak when engaging in conversation with an older adult _____.

A) reduces communication
B) helps the individual comprehend the meaning of the conversation
C) only makes sense if the individual has a hearing aid
D) demonstrates respect and understanding

Question 44

The term ageism refers to _____.

A) the veneration of the elderly
B) judging people on the basis of chronological age
C) the view of society held by older people
D) the demographics of the population pyramid

Question 45

Which of the following vocal characteristics is a feature of elderspeak?

A) higher pitch
B) faster speech
C) bigger words
D) gestures

Question 46

Erikson believed that late adulthood is a time to review one's life and build on one's resilience and strengths.

Question 47

As he holds the door open for an elderly woman, a middle-aged man says, "After you, Young Lady." This interaction is an example of _____.

A) ageism
B) manners
C) chivalry
D) respect

Question 48

Dehydration can sometimes look like brain disease.

Question 49

What is the fastest-growing age group in the United States?

A) 0-15
B) 20-35
C) 35-65
D) 80 and up

Question 50

In the past, there were 20 times more children than older people. Then there were 7 times more people under age 15 than over age 64. Currently, there are 3 times as many children as there are elders. These changes in the age make-up of the population are referred to as _____.

A) population growth
B) a cyclical event
C) a demographic shift
D) elder explosion

Question 51

A massive international survey of 26 nations from every corner of the world found that most people everywhere agree that wisdom is a characteristic of the elderly.

Question 52

Approximately _____ percent of people over age 65 can see well without glasses.

A) 1
B) 5
C) 10
D) 25

Question 53

Maslow believed that the elderly could live rich lives, but Erikson believed older adulthood was most often a time of weakness and isolation.

Question 54

Speaking slowly, loudly, and emphasizing the key words, the waitress asked her elderly patron, "Would you rather have a slice of lemon pie or pecan pie, dear?" What is the waitress demonstrating with this speech style?

A) common courtesy
B) stereotype threat
C) elderspeak
D) respect for the elderly

Question 55

Designing settings and equipment so that they can be used by everyone-able-bodied, sensory-acute, or not-is known as _____.

A) the Americans with Disability Act
B) universal design
C) a hearing aid
D) the built environment

Question 56

A prediction that comes true because people believe it is called _____.

A) ageism
B) a self-fulfilling prophecy
C) elderspeak
D) a universal design

Question 57

Edina, age 76, feels younger and more positive about her life than others of her age. She is likely to be _____.

A) wrong; no one her age can be autonomous
B) mentally and physically healthier than people her age who do not share those beliefs
C) more optimistic than other people her age, but no healthier than them
D) overstating her sense of well-being

Question 58

The science that describes populations is called _____.

A) gerontology
B) psychology
C) demography
D) geography

Question 59

If families continue to have fewer than two children and if most people survive into old age, the demographic pyramid will _____.

A) remain looking the same
B) become wider in the middle and narrow on the bottom and top
C) turn upside down
D) start to look like a circle

Question 60

Polypharmacy occurs when patients have their prescriptions filled at more than one pharmacy.

Question 61

Which of the following is NOT an example of a healthy approach to sexuality in older adulthood?

A) Mary and Don, married 47 years, have sexual intercourse three times a month, and feel completely satisfied with hugs and kisses in between.
B) After her divorce, Elle has relegated sexual intercourse to her past, and doesn't seek sexual connections with new partners.
C) After the death of her husband of 35 years, Judy invited her new romantic partner to live with her. He sleeps in the guest bedroom, and they live apart together.
D) Recently, Tony read an article that said that elderly couples can have just as active sexual lives as they did in earlier adulthood. He has been pressuring his wife, Margaret, to have sex with him every night since then.

Question 62

The tips of chromosomes that may be correlated with longevity are known as _____.

A) osteoblasts
B) neurons
C) alleles
D) telomeres

Question 63

Which of the following statements about cellular aging is true?

A) Cells can replicate indefinitely, but errors do occur.
B) Aging may be caused by the inevitable loss of the ability of cells to duplicate perfectly.
C) Damage is caused by telomeres that slow down the cell duplication process.
D) Cells from adults are able to duplicate more quickly and more times than are cells from embryos.

Question 64

The concept of aging as a result of cellular duplication errors is based on the fact that the body's ability to make new cells that are exact copies of the original ones _____.

A) stops at about age 18
B) stops at about age 80
C) is altered by minor errors as time goes on
D) continues unchanged throughout life

Question 65

The Hayflick limit is a natural limit to the _____.

A) number of times cells can divide
B) size of the Earth's population
C) number of children born to one set of parents
D) life span of a victim of genetic disease

Question 66

Elderly drivers have fewer car accidents than young people do because _____.

A) their reaction time slows, preventing quick responses
B) strict laws require retesting for drivers over age 65
C) younger drivers are impaired by poor peripheral and night vision
D) elderly drivers compensate for deficiencies by driving more slowly and reducing night driving

Question 67

While having sex less frequently than they used to, more elderly couples report that their sex life had _____ rather than _____.

A) improved; deteriorated
B) deteriorated; improved
C) ceased; increased
D) increased; ceased

Question 68

The maximum life span is _____ years for humans.

A) 13
B) 55
C) 122
D) 180

Question 69

Calorie restriction may _____.

A) slow down aging
B) speed up aging
C) increase the risk of diabetes
D) increase the rate of death

Question 70

_____ is the oldest possible age that members of a species can attain, whereas _____ is the number of years the average newborn in a particular population group is likely to live.

A) Maximum life span; average life expectancy
B) Average life expectancy; maximum life span
C) Maximum life span; the Hayflick limit
D) The Hayflick limit; average life expectancy

Question 71

Maximum life span is defined as the _____.

A) number of years a newborn is likely to live
B) risk of mortality
C) average age at death
D) upper limit to which members of a species can live

Question 72

Now that Todd is 75, he uses selective optimization with compensation while driving. For example, he _____.

A) drives only at night when fewer cars are on the road
B) relies on rearview and side mirrors so he won't hurt his neck turning his head
C) drives more slowly
D) drives fast to get home as soon as possible to avoid accidents

Question 73

Which of the following strategies is crucial when older people have sensory loss?

A) acceptance
B) isolation
C) compensation
D) retirement

Question 74

Which theory of aging proposes that the body wears out, part by part, after years of use?

A) wear-and-tear
B) genetic adaptation
C) universal design
D) cellular aging

Question 75

In 2015 in the United States, the average life expectancy was _____ years for men and _____ years for women.

A) 77; 82
B) 81; 76
C) 65; 84
D) 84; 65

Question 76

The notion that DNA regulates the aging process is referred to as _____.

A) universal design
B) wear and tear
C) the genetic clock
D) the Hayflick limit

Question 77

In the United States, only 4 percent of older people live _____.

A) at home
B) in nursing homes
C) with an adult child
D) independently

Question 78

Which of the following is NOT a reason that older adults continue driving even though they probably should not?

A) They don't want to give up their independence.
B) They don't realize the extent to which their driving-related skills have diminished.
C) They don't care whether they have an accident because they've got good insurance.
D) They believe that their critics are ageist.

Question 79

The wear-and-tear theory of aging is weakened by the fact that _____.

A) the human body cannot repair itself
B) many parts of the body wear out from use
C) many body functions benefit from use
D) machines cannot grow old

Question 80

Which of these is NOT true regarding sexuality in late adulthood?

A) intercourse becomes less frequent
B) sexual satisfaction often increases after middle age
C) women stop intercourse earlier than men for biological reasons
D) kissing and hugging predict happiness in long-lasting romances