Deck 4: The Psychologists: Part 1

Question 1

Random sampling ensures that the sample is _____ the population.

A) representative of
B) more diverse than
C) less biased than
D) larger than

Answer 1

representative of

Question 2

The reason why response scales are generally limited to less than nine options is that anything:

A) higher is difficult to statistically analyze.
B) more than nine is subject to a floor effect.
C) over nine fails to provide adequate flexibility in responding.
D) over nine creates meaningless distinctions.

Answer 2

over nine creates meaningless distinctions.

Question 3

What is a quasi-independent variable?

A) a variable that is manipulated by the researcher
B) a variable that is measured by the researcher
C) a variable that is treated as if it was manipulated by the researcher even though it wasn't
D) a variable that is treated as if it was measured by the researcher even though it wasn't

Answer 3

a variable that is treated as if it was manipulated by the researcher even though it wasn't

Question 4

_____ is the extraneous influence that will cause the raw score to deviate from the true score.

A) Validity
B) The floor effect
C) The ceiling effect
D) Error

Question 5

In designing his study,Rashad knows that he does not have to worry about social desirability bias or demand characteristics if he uses _____ assessments.

A) survey
B) behavioral trace
C) self-report
D) informant

Question 6

Each of the following is an example of random error,EXCEPT:

A) environmental distraction.
B) experimenter recording error.
C) a clock set fifteen minutes fast.
D) participant misunderstanding.

Question 7

If Mauricio sets his watch to be fifteen minutes ahead of schedule,he has purposely created what type of error?

A) random error
B) bias
C) social desirability error
D) demand characteristics

Question 8

For which study design should experimenters be most concerned about demand characteristics?

A) behavioral measures
B) informant reports
C) archival data
D) self-report measures

Question 9

Muhammad is conducting a research study and would like to minimize the effect of social desirability bias on his results.Which of the following should he do?

A) conduct the study online to ensure confidentiality
B) have participants read their responses aloud in front of the group
C) ask participants to put their name on the study questionnaires
D) ask questions that are sensitive in nature

Question 10

In a self-report measure,participants are:

A) observed in order to make inferences about their behaviors.
B) asked directly about how they feel about a particular topic.
C) recorded so that their actions can be coded by experimenters.
D) asked to select close friends or family who can report on their thoughts and feelings.

Question 11

Researchers may choose to wear white lab coats during a study,as it helps to _____ participants' perceptions of the researcher.

A) confuse
B) inflate
C) standardize
D) humanize

Question 12

In which behavioral measure does a participant make a purposeful selection from several options?

A) behavioral trace
B) physiological measure
C) behavioral choice
D) behavioral observation

Question 13

If an APA-style research paper were a board game,which piece would be the instruction manual for anyone who may want to play?

A) abstract
B) method
C) results
D) introduction

Question 14

Consistency is to reliability as:

A) accuracy is to validity.
B) accuracy is to bias.
C) standardization is to consistency.
D) bias is to validity.

Question 15

By _____ the potential bias in a sample,researchers can _____ their confidence in the generalizability of their research conclusions.

A) decreasing;increase
B) decreasing;hold constant
C) increasing;increase
D) increasing;hold constant

Question 16

Angelique is running a research study in which current participants are asked to recruit their friends for participation.What type of sampling is she using?

A) cluster random sampling
B) simple random sampling
C) convenience sampling
D) snowball sampling

Question 17

To examine the opinions of individuals living in her jurisdiction,Gloria administers a survey outside of her local polling center on Election Day.However,she is weary of drawing conclusions about the population from this sample when she learns that people without a driver's license are unable to vote.As a result,she fears the opinions of elderly members of her community (who no longer drive or have a valid driver's license)may be unrepresented.Gloria is worried about:

A) random error.
B) bias.
C) raw score.
D) true score.

Question 18

How do research psychologists decide upon a study design?

A) There is only one "right" design for psychological research studies.
B) They pick the design that provides the best test of the hypothesis under investigation.
C) Each person is trained to use a particular design based upon their graduate program.
D) They look to other psychologists to see what design is currently most popular.

Question 19

Why are self-report measures so informative?

A) because people have a wealth of self-knowledge
B) because self-report measures use behaviors to infer internal processes
C) because the inclusion of a self-report measure distinguishes a true experiment from a quasi-experimental design
D) because they are subject to demand characteristics

Question 20

A _____ is the entire group of interest in a research study,whereas a _____ is a subset of individuals from which the researcher collects data.

A) sample;population
B) sample;quasi-experimental variable
C) population;sample
D) population;quasi-experimental variable