Deck 3: Ethics: Part 2

Question 1

With regard to psychological research,the goal of justice is met by:

A) ensuring the autonomy of participants.
B) ensuring equality in the distribution of costs and benefits.
C) doing as much good as possible.
D) minimizing as much risk as possible.

Answer 1

ensuring equality in the distribution of costs and benefits.

Question 2

Roberto believes that for an act to be truly ethical,he must forgo any form of personal benefit from performing that act.Roberto's belief is in line with:

A) the utilitarian perspective.
B) egoism.
C) the file drawer problem.
D) the altruistic perspective.

Answer 2

the altruistic perspective.

Question 3

What is egoism?

A) the believe that ethical decisions should be based on acting opposite of one's own self-interest
B) the believe that ethical decisions should be based on acting in accordance with one's own self-interest
C) the belief that ethical decisions should be based on helping without personal benefit
D) the belief that ethical decisions should be based on doing the greatest good for the greatest number of people

Answer 3

the believe that ethical decisions should be based on acting in accordance with one's own self-interest

Question 4

Why might researchers fail to disclose the study's hypotheses in the informed consent?

A) researchers only have vague ideas about the relationship between variables at the beginning of a study
B) participants may respond unnaturally if they know what the researcher hopes to find
C) because it would be too redundant,given the information is provided in the debriefing
D) providing participants with this information would violate the ethical guideline of integrity

Question 5

Vito is preparing to conduct his first research study.Unfortunately,he is unsure whether he should plan to include a debriefing.When he asks his research advisor,she is likely to tell him that debriefing is:

A) always required.
B) never required.
C) required when there is deception.
D) required when there is minimal risk.

Question 6

What does "massaging the data" mean?

A) falsifying data
B) using statistical analyses to examine the data
C) removing participants from the dataset when they violate a predetermined criteria
D) asking a colleague to re-examine a dataset

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT one of the American Psychological Association's general principles for ethical research?

A) freedom
B) respect
C) fidelity
D) integrity

Question 8

A key consideration in science is whether:

A) benefits outweigh costs.
B) a study is culturally relevant.
C) the topic under investigation is interesting.
D) the study would produce significant results.

Question 9

The belief that ethical decisions should be based on doing the greatest good for the greatest number of people is called:

A) the altruistic perspective.
B) egoism.
C) the utilitarian perspective.
D) beneficence.

Question 10

Selecting participants that are easiest to manipulate violates which standard?

A) beneficence
B) respect
C) justice
D) anonymity

Question 11

Research proposals submitted to the IRB require each of the following,EXCEPT:

A) benefits and risks of the study.
B) procedures.
C) copies of forms and questionnaires.
D) debriefing.

Question 12

Autonomy is crucial to which principle?

A) beneficence
B) respect
C) informed consent
D) justice

Question 13

Which is the hardest to guarantee?

A) confidentiality
B) respect
C) justice
D) anonymity

Question 14

Jasmine would like to conduct a study to determine whether children who watch excessive amounts of television are less intelligent than those who watch less television.If she conducts her study on the children she babysits without their parents' consent she is violating the principle of:

A) justice.
B) beneficence.
C) respect.
D) integrity.

Question 15

The commitment to intellectual honesty and adherence to ethical principles in scientific research is known as:

A) beneficence.
B) justice.
C) respect.
D) integrity.

Question 16

The informed consent form must include all of the following,EXCEPT:

A) the researchers name and contact information.
B) a place for the participants' signature or consent to participate.
C) a description of the general purpose and nature of the study.
D) the requirement that participants answer all questions in order to receive compensation for participation.

Question 17

Who governs the care of animals used in research?

A) Institutional Review Board
B) Internal Revenue Board
C) Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
D) Internal Animal Care and Use Committee

Question 18

Which is the correct order of classification for levels of IRB review,starting with the LEAST risk?

A) exempt,expedited,full review
B) expedited,full review,exempt
C) full review,exempt,expedited
D) exempt,full review,expedited

Question 19

In a research study deception is:

A) not allowed under any circumstances.
B) encouraged in order to get participants to respond naturally to stimuli.
C) allowed,but only used to the extent that its benefits outweigh its costs.
D) inevitable.

Question 20

The report that outlines ethical principles to follow when conducting research involving humans is called the _____ Report.

A) Kentucky
B) Oaks
C) Preakness
D) Belmont