Deck 18: The Representative Elements

Question 1

What is the most abundant (by mass) element found in the human body?

A) oxygen
B) carbon
C) calcium
D) hydrogen
E) water

Answer 1

oxygen

Question 2

In a given period, this group has the element with the smallest atomic radius.

A) Group 2A
B) Group 3A
C) Group 1A
D) Group 7A
E) Group 8A

Answer 2

Group 8A

Question 3

In which group are the elements listed in correct order of increasing first ionization energy?

A) Al > Si > P
B) Na > P > Cl
C) Cs > Na > K
D) K > Ca > Ge
E) Cs < Rb < Na

Answer 3

Cs < Rb < Na

Question 4

In a given period, this group has the element with the smallest ionization energy.

A) Group 3A
B) Group 7A
C) Group 8A
D) Group 2A
E) Group 1A

Question 5

Which of the following is the second most abundant (by mass) element in the earth's crust, oceans, and atmosphere?

A) carbon
B) oxygen
C) silicon
D) hydrogen
E) aluminum

Question 6

What reason is given for the stability of C-C, N-N, and O-O bonds, compared to the instability of Si-Si, P-P, and S-S bonds?

A) Their metallic character varies greatly.
B) There are large differences in their abilities to form strong pi bonds.
C) There are large differences in their ionization energies.
D) There are large differences in their electronegativities.
E) none of these

Question 7

The ion that sodium is most likely to form is isoelectronic with

A) Ar
B) Ne
C) Al
D) F
E) P

Question 8

Which of the following is a metalloid?

A) copper
B) nitrogen
C) oxygen
D) hydrogen
E) germanium

Question 9

Choose the element with the smallest atomic radius.

A) Ra
B) Na
C) Rb
D) Sr
E) Mg

Question 10

Which group contains two elements that exhibit +2 and +4 oxidation states?

A) Group 7A
B) Group 5A
C) Group 1A
D) Group 4A
E) Group 3A

Question 11

Which group contains the most active metals?

A) Group 2A
B) Group 3A
C) Group 1A
D) Group 4A

Question 12

Choose the element with the smallest radius.

A) Al_(s)
B) Na_(s)
C) Ca_(s)
D) Li_(s)
E) Sn_(s)

Question 13

Which of the following exhibits the greatest metallic character?

A) H
B) Al
C) Cs
D) Be
E) K

Question 14

Which of the following oxides is amphoteric?

A) BeO
B) MgO
C) BaO
D) SrO
E) CaO

Question 15

True or False? Hydrogen is a nonmetal and lithium is an active metal, even though they are in the same group.

A) True. Such differences are common for elements in the same group.
B) False. Both hydrogen and lithium are nonmetals
C) True. This can be explained by the very large difference in atomic radii between hydrogen and lithium.
D) False. Because the elements are in the same group, they have similar metallic qualities.
E) none of these

Question 16

Which elements have chemical properties determined by the valence-level s and p electrons?

A) actinides
B) lanthanides
C) representative elements
D) transition metals
E) none of these

Question 17

Within a group, as the atomic numbers of the elements increase, the

A) elements become less metallic.
B) atomic radii decrease.
C) ionization energies decrease.
D) atomic masses decrease.

Question 18

Which of the following elements has the highest ionization energy?

A) Al
B) In
C) Pb
D) N
E) Ge

Question 19

Choose the element that is the strongest reducing agent in aqueous solution.

A) K
B) Rb
C) Na
D) Cs
E) Li

Question 20

Hydrogen and lithium react very differently, although they are both members of Group 1. What is the primary reason for this difference?

A) Metallic character increases going down a group.
B) Electron affinity increases going down a group.
C) There is a very large difference between the atomic radii of H and Li.
D) Ionization energy increases going down a group.
E) Electronegativity increases going down a group.

Question 21

Choose the metal that is produced by electrolysis of its molten chloride salt.

A) Mg
B) Ca
C) Ba
D) Sr
E) all of these

Question 22

In response to environmental concerns, researchers have been seeking low-cost alternatives to fossil fuels. One such alternative is __________ , which can be liberated from water by using solar energy.

A) carbon
B) oxygen
C) hydrogen
D) ozone
E) none of these

Question 23

Which of the following ions interfere(s) with the action of detergents in hard water?

A) Ca²⁺
B) Na⁺
C) Mg²⁺
D) Na⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺
E) Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺

Question 24

What element is found in the structural minerals that make up our bones and teeth?

A) strontium
B) silicon
C) barium
D) calcium
E) magnesium

Question 25

What ions are very important for the proper functioning of biologic systems, such as nerves and muscles?

A) alkaline earth metal ions
B) nitrogen ions
C) oxygen ions
D) alkali metal ions
E) sulfur ions

Question 26

Choose the only element that forms a regular oxide in the presence of an excess of oxygen gas.

A) Cs
B) Li
C) Na
D) Rb
E) K

Question 27

How many of the following statements are false?
I.The Group 3A elements are all metals.
II.Alkaline earth metals react less vigorously with water than do alkali metals.
III.Salts can consist of hydrogen.
IV.Because Li is the strongest reducing agent among the alkali metals, it reacts most quickly with water of the alkali metals.

A) 1
B) 3
C) 2
D) 4
E) 0

Question 28

Which of the following metals has the highest melting point?

A) Al
B) Ca
C) K
D) Na
E) Mg

Question 29

Which of the following elements has the widest liquid range?

A) B
B) Tl
C) Ga
D) Al
E) All are the same.

Question 30

Choose the element with the smallest ionization energy.

A) Ra
B) Sr
C) Cs
D) Li
E) Ca

Question 31

In cation-exchange resins, what ion replaces Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ in the hard water that is passed over the resin?

A) Ba²⁺
B) K⁺
C) Li⁺
D) Na⁺
E) H⁺

Question 32

What compounds are useful in breathing apparatus and air supply packs?

A) alkali metals
B) superoxides
C) peroxides
D) oxides
E) none of these

Question 33

Superoxides have the general formula

A) M₂O₂
B) MO
C) MO₂
D) M₂O
E) M₂O₃

Question 34

Choose the element whose ion has the largest concentration inside a human cell.

A) Li
B) Cs
C) Rb
D) K
E) Na

Question 35

Choose the metal that reacts least vigorously with water.

A) Sr
B) Ba
C) Mg
D) Ca
E) All of these react equally vigorously with water.

Question 36

Choose the element with the highest melting point.

A) K
B) Cs
C) Rb
D) Na
E) Li

Question 37

Choose the metal with the lowest melting point.

A) Li
B) Rb
C) Na
D) K
E) Cs

Question 38

Ionic hydrides are formed when hydrogen combines with elements from
I. Group 1A
II. Group 2A
III. Group 3A

A) I, II, and III
B) I and II only
C) II and III only
D) I and III only
E) none of these

Question 39

Which of the following has the highest melting point?

A) K(s)
B) Li(s)
C) Na(s)
D) Rb(s)
E) Cs(s)

Question 40

Choose the element that is the strongest reducing agent in the gas phase.

A) Li
B) Na
C) K
D) Rb
E) Cs

Question 41

_______ phosphorus has a regular crystalline structure, and _______ phosphorus is amorphous and is thought to consist of chains of P₄ units.

A) Red, black
B) Red, white
C) White, red
D) Black, red
E) none of these

Question 42

Choose the element with the smallest ionization energy.

A) P
B) N
C) As
D) Pb
E) Sb

Question 43

Compounds containing bismuth in the +5 oxidation state tend to be ________, and compounds containing bismuth in the +3 oxidation state tend to be ________.

A) ionic, ionic
B) ionic, molecular
C) molecular, molecular
D) molecular, ionic
E) none of these

Question 44

Nitrogen fixation

A) is used to produce nitric acid.
B) is used to manufacture ammonia.
C) transforms nitrogen to other nitrogen-containing compounds.
D) is used to recover sulfur from underground deposits.
E) none of these

Question 45

Choose the correct molecular structure for NO₃^-.

A) octahedral
B) tetrahedral
C) trigonal bipyramidal
D) trigonal planar
E) none of these

Question 46

Order the following compounds from lowest to highest boiling point: SnCl₄, SnBr₄, SnI₄.

A) SnI₄, SnBr₄, SnCl₄
B) SnCl_4, SnBr₄, SnI₄
C) SnBr_4, SnI₄, SnCl₄
D) SnCl_4, SnI₄, SnBr₄
E) SnI₄, SnCl₄, SnBr₄

Question 47

Order the following bonds from highest to lowest bond energy: carbon-carbon, silicon-silicon, silicon-oxygen.

A) C-C, Si-O, Si-Si
B) C-C, Si-Si, Si-O
C) Si-O, Si-Si, C-C
D) Si-Si, Si-O, C-C
E) Si-O, C-C, Si-Si

Question 48

Choose the correct molecular structure for SiF₄

A) linear
B) octahedral
C) trigonal bipyramidal
D) tetrahedral
E) trigonal planar

Question 49

The largest commercial use of lead is in

A) paints.
B) protective coatings for steel.
C) batteries used in automobiles.
D) semiconductors.
E) gasoline.

Question 50

Choose the element with the smallest electronegativity.

A) Sn
B) Cl
C) O
D) Br
E) N

Question 51

The ability of the Group 5A elements to form __________ greatly decreases after nitrogen.

A) molecules with four covalent bonds
B) larger molecules with single bonds
C) pi bonds
D) molecules with five covalent bonds
E) all of these

Question 52

Pi bonding tends to be important in all elements of Group 5.

Question 53

How many oxides of carbon are there?

A) 2
B) 1
C) 5
D) 3
E) 4

Question 54

Which of the following elements react(s) with N₂ to form a compound of the general formula MN?

A) Tl
B) B
C) Al
D) Ga
E) all of these

Question 55

Which of the following elements is(are) found in bauxite?

A) Al
B) B
C) Ga
D) Tl
E) all of these

Question 56

Which of the following elements exhibit(s) the oxidation states +1 and +3?

A) B
B) Ga
C) Al
D) Tl
E) all of these

Question 57

Choose the element with the smallest atomic radius.

A) C
B) Si
C) Sn
D) Ge
E) Pb

Question 58

The Haber process

A) is used to recover sulfur from underground deposits.
B) transforms nitrogen to other nitrogen-containing compounds.
C) is used to manufacture ammonia.
D) is used to produce nitric acid.
E) none of these

Question 59

Which of the following elements has the lowest melting point?

A) B
B) Ga
C) Tl
D) Al
E) All have the same melting point.

Question 60

Which of the following is the most abundant metal on earth?

A) aluminum
B) copper
C) iron
D) zinc
E) calcium

Question 61

Choose the correct molecular structure for P₄.

A) octahedral
B) trigonal bipyramidal
C) trigonal planar
D) tetrahedral
E) none of these

Question 62

Choose the species with the largest bond strength.

A) I₂
B) Cl₂
C) F₂
D) Br₂
E) All are the same.

Question 63

Choose the correct molecular structure for PCl₄⁺.

A) trigonal bipyramidal
B) octahedral
C) tetrahedral
D) trigonal planar
E) none of these

Question 64

Choose the correct molecular structure for PBr_5.

A) octahedral
B) trigonal planar
C) trigonal bipyramidal
D) linear
E) tetrahedral

Question 65

Choose the correct molecular structure for PF₄⁺.

A) linear
B) tetrahedral
C) octahedral
D) trigonal planar
E) trigonal bipyramidal

Question 66

Choose the species with the smallest radius.

A) F
B) Cl^-
C) Se
D) F^-
E) Cl

Question 67

What is the oxidation state of the sulfur atom in sulfuric acid?

A) -4
B) +8
C) +6
D) +4
E) -8

Question 68

Which of the following is best explained by the fact that the SO molecule is very unstable, whereas O₂ is stable.

A) There exists much stronger $\pi$ bonding between oxygen atoms than between a sulfur atom and an oxygen atom.
B) The S-O bond is inherently unstable.
C) The difference in electronegativity between the sulfur atom and the oxygen atom makes it unlikely for the S-O bond to form.
D) Sulfur lacks the ability to form double bonds.
E) none of these

Question 69

Which is the most reactive form of phosphorus?

A) white phosphorus
B) red phosphorus
C) black phosphorus
D) Two of these forms of phosphorus are equally reactive.
E) All of these forms of phosphorus are equally reactive.

Question 70

Choose the species with the highest boiling point.

A) HCl
B) HBr
C) HI
D) HF
E) All are the same.

Question 71

What Group 6A elements are semiconductors?

A) selenium and polonium
B) sulfur and tellurium
C) sulfur and selenium
D) selenium and tellurium
E) tellurium and polonium

Question 72

Choose the correct molecular structure for SeF₆.

A) octahedral
B) trigonal planar
C) tetrahedral
D) trigonal bipyramidal
E) none of these

Question 73

What Group 6A element was discovered by Marie and Pierre Curie?

A) polonium
B) sulfur
C) oxygen
D) selenium
E) tellurium

Question 74

Choose the correct molecular structure for SF₄.

A) trigonal bipyramidal
B) trigonal planar
C) octahedral
D) tetrahedral
E) none of these

Question 75

Within the halogen family, as atomic number increases,

A) melting point decreases.
B) ionic radius decreases.
C) covalent atomic radius increases.
D) electronegativity increases.

Question 76

Choose the species with the smallest hydration energy (absolute value).

A) F^-
B) Cl^-
C) Br^-
D) I^-
E) All are the same.

Question 77

Choose the correct molecular structure for NO₃^-.

A) trigonal bipyramidal
B) linear
C) octahedral
D) tetrahedral
E) trigonal planar

Question 78

Which of the following is the oxidation state of nitrogen in nitric acid?

A) +6
B) +4
C) -4
D) -6
E) +5

Question 79

Phosphorus is found in nature

A) in gypsum.
B) as black phosphorus.
C) usually as the PO₄^3- ion in phosphate rock.
D) as white phosphorus.
E) as red phosphorus.

Question 80

Choose the correct molecular structure for PCl₃.

A) trigonal bipyramidal
B) octahedral
C) tetrahedral
D) trigonal planar
E) none of these