Deck 2: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

Question 1

Which one of the following statements about atomic structure is false?

A) Almost all of the mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus.
B) The protons and neutrons in the nucleus are very tightly packed.
C) The number of protons and the number of neutrons are always the same in the neutral atom.
D) The electrons occupy a very large volume compared to the nucleus.

Answer 1

The number of protons and the number of neutrons are always the same in the neutral atom.

Question 2

Which of the experiments listed below did not provide the information stated about the nature of the atom?

A) The Rutherford experiment proved that the Thomson "plum pudding" model of the atom was essentially correct.
B) The Rutherford experiment determined the charge on the nucleus.
C) The cathode-ray tube proved that electrons have a negative charge.
D) Millikan's oil-drop experiment showed that the charge on any particle was a simple multiple of the charge on the electron.

Answer 2

The Rutherford experiment proved that the Thomson "plum pudding" model of the atom was essentially correct.

Question 3

The ion ¹²⁷I^- has

A) 53 protons, 74 neutrons, 52 electrons
B) 53 protons, 74 neutrons, 54 electrons
C) 53 protons, 53 neutrons, 53 electrons
D) 53 protons, 74 neutrons, 53 electrons
E) 53 protons, 127 neutrons, 54 electrons

Answer 3

53 protons, 74 neutrons, 54 electrons

Question 4

How many of the following did Dalton not discuss in his atomic theory?
I.isotopes
II.ions
III.protons
IV.neutrons
V.electrons

A) 2
B) 5
C) 4
D) 1
E) 3

Question 5

Which of the following pairs of compounds can be used to illustrate the law of multiple proportions?

A) CaO and CaCl₂
B) NO and NO₂
C) H₂S and HBr
D) SiH₄ and SiO₂
E) NF₃ and NCl₃

Question 6

The element rhenium (Re) exists as two stable isotopes and 18 unstable isotopes. Rhenium-185 has in its nucleus

A) 75 protons, 110 neutrons.
B) 75 protons, 75 neutrons.
C) 75 protons, 130 neutrons.
D) 130 protons, 75 neutrons.
E) not enough information is given.

Question 7

The ion ¹⁴N^3- has

A) 7 protons, 7 neutrons, 4 electrons
B) 7 protons, 7 neutrons,3 electrons
C) 7 protons, 14 neutrons, 7 electrons
D) 7 protons, 7neutrons, 10 electrons
E) 7 protons, 7 neutrons, 7 electrons

Question 8

When 2.0 L of oxygen gas (O₂) reacts with 1.0 L of nitrogen gas (N₂), 2.0 L of gaseous product is formed. All volumes of gases are measured at the same temperature and pressure. What is the formula of the product?

A) NO
B) NO₄
C) N₂O₃
D) N₂O
E) NO₂

Question 9

Which of the following statements is(are) true?
i.The number of protons is the same for all neutral atoms of an element.II.The number of electrons is the same for all neutral atoms of an element.III.The number of neutrons is the same for all neutral atoms of an element.

A) I, II, and III are all true.
B) I, II, and III are all false.
C) Only I and II are true.
D) Only I and III are true.
E) Only II and III are true.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is(are) true?
i.O and F have the same number of neutrons.II.C and N are isotopes of each other because their mass numbers are the same.III.O^2- has the same number of electrons as Ne.

A) I only
B) II only
C) III only
D) I and II only
E) I and III only

Question 11

​​Which among the following represent a set of isotopes? Atomic nuclei containing
i. 20 protons and 20 neutrons.II. 21 protons and 19 neutrons.III. 22 neutrons and 18 protons.IV. 20 protons and 22 neutrons.V. 21 protons and 20 neutrons.

A) ​I, V
B) ​III, IV
C) ​I, II, III
D) ​I, IV and II, V
E) ​No isotopes are indicated.

Question 12

Which are alkaline earth halides?

A) MgO, MgS, CaO
B) NaI, KBr, LiF
C) CaF₂, MgBr₂, SrI₂
D) Al₂O₃, In₂O₃, Ga₂S₃
E) PbI₂, PbBr₂, CdF₂

Question 13

Which of the following atomic symbols is incorrect?

A) (³¹₁₅P)
B) (¹⁹₉F)
C) (³⁴₁₇Cl)
D) (³⁹₁₉K)
E) (¹⁵₈C)
​

Question 14

Which of the following represents a pair of isotopes?

A) (¹⁵₇N, ¹⁵₈O)
B) (¹₁H, ²₁H)
C) (¹⁴₇N, ¹⁵₈O)
D) (³¹₁₅P, ³¹₁₅P^3-)
E) (^C, ^C₆₀)

Question 15

Which is the symbol for the isotope of nitrogen that has 7 protons and 8 neutrons?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 16

According to the law of definite proportions,

A) the ratio of the masses of the elements in a compound is always the same.
B) it is not possible for the same two elements to form more than one compound.
C) if the same two elements form two different compounds, they do so in the same ratio.
D) the total mass after a chemical change is the same as before the change.

Question 17

Which element does not belong to the family or classification indicated?

A) Br, halogen
B) Na, alkali metal
C) As, lanthanides
D) He, noble gas
E) Ru, transition metal

Question 18

How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does the atom ³⁹K have?

A) 20 protons, 19 neutrons, 20 electrons
B) 19 protons, 19 neutrons, 39 electrons
C) 20 protons, 20 neutrons, 19 electrons
D) 19 protons, 19 neutrons, 19 electrons
E) 19 protons, 20 neutrons, 19 electrons

Question 19

An ion is formed
i.by either adding protons to or subtracting protons from the atom.II.by either adding electrons to or subtracting electrons from the atom.III.by either adding neutrons to or subtracting neutrons from the atom.

A) Only I is true.
B) Only II is true.
C) Only III is true.
D) All of the statements are true.
E) Two of the statements are true.

Question 20

An element's most stable ion forms an ionic compound with chlorine having the formula XCl₂. If the mass number of the ion is 89 and it has 36 electrons, what is the element and how many neutrons does it have?

A) Sr, 51 neutrons
B) Kr, 55 neutrons
C) Se, 55 neutrons
D) Kr, 53 neutrons
E) Rb, 52 neutrons

Question 21

What is the correct formula for lead(IV) oxide?

A) PbO₄
B) PbO₃
C) PbO
D) Pb₄O
E) PbO₂

Question 22

Which of the following is not the correct chemical formula for the compound named?

A) HF hydrogen fluoride
B) MgO magnesium oxide
C) Fe₃PO₄ iron(III) phosphate
D) Li₂O lithium oxide
E) BaCl₂ barium chloride

Question 23

Which formula is not correct?

A) LiF
B) Ca(NO₂)₂
C) ​AlCl₂
D) NaC₂H₃O₂
E) MgS

Question 24

Which of the following formulas is not correct?

A) Ba(OH)₂
B) ​LiS
C) ​NaI
D) KCl
E) MgSO₃

Question 25

Which of the following is not the correct name for the formula given?

A) HClO hypochlorus acid
B) Cr₂S₃ chromium(III)sulfide
C) PCl₅ phosphoruspentachloride
D) CoO cobalt(II) oxide
E) CaSO₃ calciumsulfate

Question 26

Which of the following is not the correct name for the formula given?

A) PCl₅ phosphorus pentachoride
B) Fe₂O₃ iron(III) oxide
C) HClO hypochlorous acid
D) BaSO₃ barium sulfate
E) CoO cobalt(II) oxide

Question 27

Name the following compounds:
K₂Cr₂O₇

Question 28

Name the following compounds:
CCl₄

Question 29

Name the following compounds:
NaH

Question 30

Which is the correct formula for copper(I) oxide?

A) CuO
B) CuO₂
C) Cu₂O₂
D) Cu₂O
E) Cu₂O₃

Question 31

Which is not the correct chemical formula for the compound named?

A) iron(II) oxide FeO
B) potassium sulfate K₂SO₄
C) sodium sulfide NaS
D) zinc nitrate Zn(NO₃)₂
E) calcium carbonate CaCO₃

Question 32

Which of the following is not the correct chemical formula for the compound named?

A) Na(OH)₂ sodium hydroxide
B) Mg(C₂H₃O₂)₂ magnesium acetate
C) ZnS zinc sulfide
D) Fe₂O₃ iron(III) oxide
E) KCN potassium cyanide

Question 33

Select the group of symbols that would correctly complete the following statements, respectively.___ is the heaviest noble gas.___ is the transition metal that has 24 electrons as a 3+ ion.___ is the halogen in the third period.___ is the alkaline earth metal that has 18 electrons as a stable ion.

A) Rn, Cr, Br, Ca
B) Ra, Sc, Br, K
C) Ra, Co, Cl, K
D) Rn, Co, Cl, Ca

Question 34

Which of the following is not the correct chemical formula for the compound named?

A) Fe₂PO4 iron(II) phosphate
B) BaBr₂ barium bromide
C) Li₂O lithium oxide
D) HF hydrogen fluoride
E) Mg₃N₂ magnesiumnitride

Question 35

______ form ions with a 2+ charge when they react with nonmetals.

A) Halogens
B) Noble gases
C) Alkaline earth metals
D) Alkali metals
E) None of these choices

Question 36

Complete the following table.

Question 37

What is the correct formula for barium phosphate?

A) Ba₂PO₄
B) Ba₃(PO₄)₂
C) Ba₂(PO₄)₃
D) Ba₃PO₄
E) BaPO₄

Question 38

Complete the following table.

Question 39

Name the following compounds:
Al₂(SO₄)₃

Question 40

Name the following compounds:
NH₄NO₃

Question 41

Write the names of the following compounds:

Question 42

Write the formula for:
dinitrogen trioxide

Question 43

Write the formula for:
sodium dichromate

Question 44

Write the formula for:
aluminum hydroxide

Question 45

Name the following compounds:
CaSO₄

Question 46

Which nuclide has more protons than neutrons?

A) Fe
B) K
C) Co
D) Ni

Question 47

Name the following compounds:
AgCl

Question 48

Write the formula for:
hydrosulfuric acid

Question 49

Write the formula for:
acetic acid

Question 50

Write the formula for:
phosphoric acid

Question 51

Write the chemical formulas for the following compounds or ions.

Question 52

Which statement or statements regarding Antoine Lavoisier and his discovery of the conservation of mass in chemical reactions must be false.

A) Lavoisier conducted his experiment in an apparatus that trapped all reaction products.
B) Lavoisier was able to make accurate mass measurements.
C) Lavoisier was able to make precise mass measurements.
D) Lavoisier did not trap gases in his experiments because their mass was negligible.
E) A and D

Question 53

Write the formula for:
iron(III) oxide

Question 54

Name the following compounds:
HNO₃

Question 55

An isotope of an element is formed
i.by adding protons to, or removing protons from, the atom.II.by adding neutrons to, or removing neutrons from, the atom.III.by adding electrons to, or removing electrons from, the atom.

A) Only I is true
B) Only II is true
C) Only III is true
D) All of the statements are true
E) Two of the statements are true

Question 56

Write the formula for:
cobalt(II) chloride

Question 57

Write the formula for:
sulfurous acid

Question 58

Write the formula for:
nitric acid

Question 59

Name the following compounds:
N₂O₃

Question 60

Name the following compounds:
SnI₂

Question 61

​The relative mass of a compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen is 180. The mass percentage of carbon and hydrogen in the compound is 40% and 6.7%, respectively. Determine the formula of the compound.

Question 62

​Identify the true statement(s).1. An ion is an atom or group of atoms that has a net positive or negative charge.2. An ion with positive charge is called cation.3. An ion with negative charge is called anion.​

A) ​1 only
B) 2 only
C) ​3 only
D) 2 and 3
E) ​1, 2, and 3

Question 63

​The relative molecular mass of a compound containing only carbon and hydrogen is 114. The compound contains 84% of carbon by mass. Predict the formula of the compound.

Question 64

The experiments of what two scientists were instrumental in determining the mass and charge of the electron?

A) Lavoisier and Dalton
B) Rutherford and Curie
C) Thompson and Rutherford
D) Millikan and Cannizzaro
E) Thompson and Millikan

Question 65

​Which of the following gases was discovered by Joseph Priestley?

A) ​Neon gas
B) ​Oxygen gas
C) Methane gas
D) Ammonia gas
E) ​Helium gas

Question 66

_____ proposes that, at the same temperature and pressure, equal volumes of different gases contain the same number of particles.

A) Charles' hypothesis
B) ​Dalton's hypothesis
C) Boyle's hypothesis
D) Avogadro's hypothesis
E) Bergsman's hypothesis