Deck 10: Respiratory Failure and the Mechanical Ventilation Protocol

Question 1

All of the following are causes of hypercapnic respiratory failure EXCEPT:

A) impending ventilatory failure.
B) apnea.
C) severe refractory hypoxemia.
D) acute ventilatory failure.

Answer 1

severe refractory hypoxemia.

Question 2

What effect would a pulmonary embolism have on the VD/VT and the ṽ/Ó ratio?

A) The VD/VT would increase and the ṽ/Ó would decrease.
B) The VD/VT would decrease and the ṽ/Ó would increase.
C) The VD/VT and the ṽ/Ó ratios would both increase.
D) The VD/VT and the ṽ/Ó ratios would both decrease.

Answer 2

The VD/VT and the ṽ/Ó ratios would both decrease.

Question 3

Which of the following are clinical indicators of Type I respiratory failure?
1) Decreased PaO₂
2) Increased P(A-a)O₂
3) Decreased PaO₂/FIO₂
4) Decreased ÓS/ÓT

A) 1, 2
B) 2, 4
C) 1, 2, 3
D) 1, 2, 3, 4

Answer 3

1, 2, 3

Question 4

What is the primary pathophysiologic mechanism in alveolar hypoventilation?

A) Decreased minute ventilation
B) Increased ventilation/perfusion ratio
C) Decreased venous admixture
D) Decreased inspired oxygen pressure

Question 5

Which of the following is a critical value for the key clinical indicators in hypercapnic respiratory failure in an adult?
1) pH 7.25
2) Ventilatory rate ≥ 35 breaths/min
3) MIP ≤ -25 cm HVentilatory rate O
4) VD/VT 40%

A) 1
B) 2
C) 1, 2
D) 3, 4

Question 6

All of the following are contraindications for noninvasive ventilation (NIV) EXCEPT:

A) facial and head trauma.
B) community-acquired pneumonia.
C) copious, viscous sputum.
D) severe upper GI bleeding.