Deck 1: An Overview of Ethics

Question 1

Setting corporate social responsibility (CSR) goals encourages an organization to achieve higher moral and ethical standards.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Increasingly, managers are including ethical conduct as part of an employee's performance appraisal.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The board of directors of an organization is normally responsible for day-to-day management and operations of the organization.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

An organization's mission statement highlights its key ethical issues and identifies the overarching values and
principles that are important to the organization and its decision making.

Question 5

Employees may suppress their tendency to act in a manner that seems ethical to them and instead act in a manner that will protect them against anticipated punishment.

Question 6

Consistency means that shareholders, customers, suppliers, and the community know what they can expect of an
organization-that it will behave in the future much as it has in the past.

Question 7

Lawrence Kohlberg found that the most crucial factor that stimulates a person's moral development is monetary
reward for good behavior.

Question 8

Laws can proclaim an act as legal, although many people may consider the act immoral.

Question 9

The term morality refers to social conventions about right and wrong that are so widely shared that they become the basis for an established consensus.

Question 10

Line operations personnel can be appointed as corporate ethics officers.

Question 11

Fairness and generosity are examples of virtues.

Question 12

In the business world, important decisions are too often left to the technical experts; general business managers must assume greater responsibility for these decisions.

Question 13

Multinational and global organizations must not present a consistent face to their shareholders, customers, and suppliers but instead must operate with a different value system in each country they do business in.

Question 14

Legal acts conform to what an individual believes to be the right thing to do.

Question 15

In a nonprofit organization, the board of directors reports to the local community that it serves.

Question 16

The fairness approach to ethical decision making states that one should choose the action or policy that has the best overall consequences for all people who are directly or indirectly affected.

Question 17

Ethics has risen to the top of the business agenda because risks associated with inappropriate behavior have increased, both in their likelihood and in their potential negative impact.

Question 18

The greater reliance of information systems in all aspects of life has decreased the risk that information technology will be used unethically.

Question 19

The goal of the Sarbanes­Oxley Act was to renew investor's trust in corporate executives and their firm's financial
reports following numerous financial scandals in the early 2000s.

Question 20

An individual's manager has very little impact on his or her ethical behavior.

Question 21

Stakeholders who stand to lose or gain from a situation should be kept out of the decision making process as they will simply introduce their personal biases.

Question 22

Most people have developed a decision-making process they use almost automatically, without thinking about the steps they go through.

Question 23

A complication of the approach to decision making is that measuring and comparing the values of certain benefits and costs is often difficult, if not impossible.

A) fairness
B) virtue ethics
C) common good
D) utilitarian

Question 24

Greater globalization has decreased the likelihood of unethical behavior.

Question 25

describes standards or codes of behavior expected of an individual by a group (nation, organization, profession) to which an individual belongs.

A) Ethics
B) Virtues
C) Laws
D) Morals

Question 26

had one of the lowest software piracy rates in 2011.

A) Moldova
B) Bangladesh
C) Libya
D) New Zealand

Question 27

Supply chain sustainability takes into account such issues as fair labor practices, energy and resource conservation, human rights, and community responsibility.

Question 28

The countries with the highest software piracy rate in the world include Luxembourg, Japan, and New Zealand.

Question 29

Which of the following steps in the decision-making process gathers and analyzes facts and also identifies stakeholders affected by the decision?

A) Develop problem statement
B) Evaluate result
C) Identify alternatives
D) Implement decision

Question 30

The term ethics describes standards or codes of behavior expected of an individual by a group to which the individual belongs.

Question 31

The virtues ethics approach to decision making focuses on how one should behave and think about relationships if he or she is concerned with his or her daily life in the community.

Question 32

Individual views on what is moral are so strongly held that there is nearly universal agreement in spite of differences in age, cultural group, ethnic background, religion, life experience, education, and gender.

Question 33

Which of the following statements best describes a reason why organizations pursue corporate social responsibility (CSR) goals and promote a work environment in which employees are encouraged to act ethically when making business decisions?

A) To enjoy higher employee turnover rates
B) To define a variable approach for dealing with stakeholders
C) To gain the goodwill of the community
D) To increase unfavorable publicity

Question 34

A(n) is a habit of unacceptable behavior.

A) moral
B) virtue
C) ethic
D) vice

Question 35

Companies that develop and maintain strong employee relations:

A) build indifference to the organization's goals.
B) erode employee involvement.
C) enjoy lower turnover rates.
D) face low employee morale.

Question 36

is the concept that an organization should act ethically by taking accountability for the impact of its actions on the environment, the community, and the welfare of its employees.

A) Corporate social responsibility
B) Corporate governance
C) Corporate social entrepreneurship
D) Corporate sustainability

Question 37

The general public needs to develop a better understanding of the critical importance of ethics as they apply to IT; currently, too much emphasis has been placed on technical issues.

Question 38

If the desired results are not achieved upon implementation of a solution, one should return to the "identify alternatives" step of the decision making process and rework the decision.

Question 39

Every society forms a set of rules that establishes the boundaries of generally accepted behavior. These rules are often expressed in statements about how people should behave, and they fit together to form the by which a society lives.

A) laws
B) ethics
C) virtues and vices
D) moral code

Question 40

A set of beliefs about right and wrong behavior within a society is called .

A) ethics
B) moral code
C) law
D) vices and virtues

Question 41

A person who acts with acts in accordance with a personal code of principles.

Question 42

In an environment where employees are encouraged to do "whatever it takes" to get the job done, employees may feel pressure to engage in conduct to meet management's expectations.

Question 43

The is responsible for the careful and responsible management of an organization.

Question 44

The approach to decision making suggests that when faced with a complex ethical dilemma, people do either what they are most comfortable doing or what they think a person they admire would do.

Question 45

In the case of United States v. New York Central & Hudson River Railroad Co., the U.S. Supreme Court established that:

A) executives in an organization with an effective ethics program can receive lesser sentences for unethical actions.
B) an employer can be held responsible for the acts of its employees even if the employees act in a manner contrary to their employer's directions.
C) organizations can escape criminal liability if they make strong efforts to prevent and detect misconduct in the workplace.
D) officers of companies cannot be given light sentences if their ethics program fail to deter criminal activity within their firms.

Question 46

Based on a 2009 National Business Ethics Survey, the percentage of employees who said they reported misconduct in the workplace when they saw it .

A) increased from 2007 to 2009
B) decreased from 2007 to 2009
C) stayed essentially the same
D) increased by more than 10 percentage points from 2007 to 2009

Question 47

Which of the following is the most critical step in the decision-making process?

A) Evaluation of the results
B) Identification of alternative solutions
C) Development of a problem statement
D) Implementation of a decision

Question 48

In a for­profit organization, it is the primary objective of the to oversee the organization's business activities and management for the benefit of shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers, and the community.

A) negotiator
B) board of directors
C) corporate ethics officer
D) corporate compliance officer

Question 49

Someone who stands to gain or lose, depending on how a situation is resolved is called a .

A) negotiator
B) figurehead
C) stakeholder
D) philanthropist

Question 50

An approach to ethical decision making that is based on a vision of society as a community whose members work together to achieve a general set of values and goals is the approach.

A) common good
B) fairness
C) virtue ethics
D) utilitarian

Question 51

A well-implemented ethics and compliance program and a strong ethical culture can lead to:

A) more fear of retaliation by management.
B) less comfort for employees reporting misconduct.
C) more negative views on the organization.
D) less pressure on employees to misbehave.

Question 52

Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act states that:

A) annual reports must contain a statement signed by the CEO and CFO attesting that the information in all of the firm's SEC filings is accurate.
B) public companies must disclose their code of ethics as well as any waiver of the code for certain members of senior management.
C) a code of ethics must be easily accessible by employees, shareholders, business partners, and the public.
D) the code of ethics must continually be applied to a company's decision making and emphasized as an important part of its culture.

Question 53

In a(n) , an organization reviews how well it is meeting its ethical and social responsibility goals, and communicates its new goals for the upcoming year.

A) ethics review
B) performance appraisal
C) social audit
D) morals assessment

Question 54

A rapid increase in the appointment of corporate ethics officers typically follows:

A) the acquisition of one company by another.
B) the revelation of a major business scandal.
C) the appointment of a new CEO.
D) a substantial decrease in the stock price of a firm.

Question 55

A discrepancy between employee's own values and an organization's actions:

A) encourages employee commitment.
B) increases employee involvement.
C) fosters poor performance.
D) creates high morale.

Question 56

The that socially responsible activities create can make it easier for corporations to conduct their business.

A) profits
B) alliances
C) incentives
D) goodwill

Question 57

A provides an organization with vision and leadership in the area of business conduct.

A) spiritual leader
B) corporate ethics officer
C) disseminator
D) disturbance handler

Question 58

The chairman of , an Indian­based outsourcing firm, admitted he had overstated the company's assets by more than $1 billion in India's largest ever corporate scandal.

A) Tata Consultancy Services
B) Wipro Consultancy Services
C) Genpact
D) Satyam Computer Services

Question 59

The step in the decision-making process during which the decision makers consider laws, guidelines, policies, and principles that might apply to the decision is the step.

A) develop problem statement
B) implement decision
C) identify alternatives
D) evaluate and choose alternative

Question 60

The goal of the approach to ethical decision making is to find the single greatest good by balancing the interests of all affected parties.

Question 61

A(n) is a clear, concise statement of an issue that needs to be addressed.

Question 62

The moral corruption of people in power, which is often facilitated by a tendency for people to look the other way when their leaders act inappropriately has been given the name .

Question 63

A(n) is a habit that inclines people to do what is acceptable.

Question 64

are one's personal beliefs about right and wrong.

Question 65

The approach to ethical decision making fits easily with the concept of value in economics and the use of cost-benefit analysis in business.

Question 66

An effective helps ensure that employees abide by the law, follow necessary regulations, and behave in an ethical manner.

Question 67

In the decision-making process of implementing the decision, a(n) plan must be defined to explain to people how they will move from the old way of doing things to the new way.

Question 68

is the practice of illegally making copies of software or enabling others to access software to which they are not entitled.

Question 69

Decisions and policies that use the approach to decision making attempt to implement social systems, institutions, and environments that everyone depends on and that benefit all people.

Question 70

A(n) aligns the practices of a workplace with the stated ethics and beliefs of that workplace, holding people accountable to ethical standards.

Question 71

The led to significant reforms in the content and preparation of disclosure documents by public companies.

Question 72

A(n) is a statement that highlights an organization's key ethical issues and identifies the overarching values
and principles that are important to the organization and its decision making.

Question 73

The growth of the Internet and the ability to capture and store vast amounts of personal data have increased the risk that will be used unethically.

Question 74

frequently include a set of formal, written statements about the purpose of an organization, its values, and the
principles that should guide its employees' actions.

Question 75

A code of ethics cannot gain company-wide acceptance unless it is developed with and fully endorsed by the
organization's leadership.

Question 76

Section 406 of the requires public companies to disclose whether they have a code of ethics and to disclose any waiver of the code for certain members of senior management.

Question 77

During the problem definition process, one must be extremely careful not make about the situation.

Question 78

The principle that the ethical choice treats everyone the same and shows no favoritism or discrimination is most closely associated with the approach to dealing with moral issues.

Question 79

Supply chain sustainability is a component of that focuses on developing and maintaining a supply chain that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

Question 80

acts conform to what an individual believes to be the right thing to do.