Deck 19: Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

What is the order you would encounter these tissues entering from the outside of the end of a long bone of the arm?

A)articular cartilage $\rightarrow$ spongy bone $\rightarrow$ marrow $\rightarrow$ periosteum
B)articular cartilage $\rightarrow$ periosteum $\rightarrow$ spongy bone $\rightarrow$ marrow
C)periosteum $\rightarrow$ articular cartilage $\rightarrow$ spongy bone $\rightarrow$ marrow
D)articular cartilage $\rightarrow$ marrow $\rightarrow$ spongy bone $\rightarrow$ periosteum
E)spongy bone $\rightarrow$ articular cartilage $\rightarrow$ periosteum $\rightarrow$ marrow

Answer 1

articular cartilage $\rightarrow$ periosteum $\rightarrow$ spongy bone $\rightarrow$ marrow

Question 2

Scientists utilize carpet beetles to reduce an animal carcass to bones.Unlike bacteria that decompose all softer tissues,the beetles leave the bones of the skeleton connected to one another.Therefore,they have avoided consuming the

A)ligaments.
B)tendons.
C)spongy bone.
D)marrow.
E)periosteum.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following bones is NOT part of the axial skeleton?

A)ribs
B)sternum
C)scapula
D)vertebrae
E)skull

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Bone-forming cells are termed

A)chondrocytes.
B)blood cells.
C)osteoclasts.
D)osteocytes.
E)osteoblasts.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a correct association?

A)fibrocartilage-thick collagen fibers
B)elastic cartilage-flexible ear flaps
C)hyaline cartilage-larynx and trachea
D)articular cartilage-a type of elastic cartilage
E)hyaline cartilage-appears uniform and glassy

Question 6

What begins as stem cells in the red bone marrow and then specializes to break down bone and release the calcium into the blood?

A)menisci
B)chondrocytes
C)osteoclasts
D)osteoblasts
E)sarcomeres

Question 7

In modern surgery,it is possible to lengthen a short leg bone because new bone tissue can rapidly grow to fill a cavity.However,it would be important to

A)administer a chemical to kill all osteoblasts.
B)leave the periosteum intact to provide nutrients and define the boundary for bone growth.
C)ensure the growth plates are all ossified.
D)remove calcium from the diet.
E)remove the red bone marrow from the bone.

Question 8

All types of cartilage are associated with bones.

Question 9

Which is NOT a correct association of bone structures and functions?

A)osteoblasts-cells that build up bone tissue
B)osteoclasts-cells that break down bone tissue
C)osteons-tubular units of compact bone
D)canaliculi-holes through which blood vessels run
E)lacunae-tiny chambers in concentric circles around a central canal

Question 10

Which of the following attach muscle to bone?

A)ligaments
B)joints
C)tendons
D)adipose tissue
E)sarcomere

Question 11

What structure allows the distribution of nutrients to osteocytes?

A)canaliculi
B)spongy bone
C)osteoblasts
D)growth plates
E)diaphysis

Question 12

Which one of the following is NOT a part of the appendicular skeleton?

A)ribs
B)fibula
C)humerus
D)coxal
E)radius

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of bones?

A)provide protection
B)provide support
C)allow flexible and controlled movement
D)provide a storehouse of inorganic salts
E)provide a nonliving architecture to build the body around

Question 14

Jeremy has broken his leg during a soccer match.Although this is bad,from a healing standpoint,it is not as bad as if he had torn his cartilage.

Question 15

Which of these would you NOT expect to find in a long bone?

A)compact bone
B)spongy bone
C)sarcomeres
D)cartilage
E)medullary cavity

Question 16

The type of bone tissue that has lacunae,concentric circles around a central canal,and are found in the middle portion of a long bone is

A)spongy bone.
B)compact bone.
C)red marrow.
D)yellow marrow.
E)epiphyses.

Question 17

In young persons who are still developing,what is the band of cartilage called that remains between the primary ossification center and each secondary ossification center?

A)chondrocytic mediastinum
B)osteoclastic border
C)osteon promoter
D)fontanel
E)growth plate

Question 18

What cell type takes calcium from the blood? What cell type deposits calcium into the blood?

A)osteoclasts; osteoblasts
B)osteocytes; osteoclasts
C)osteocytes; osteoblasts
D)osteoblasts; osteocytes
E)osteoblasts; osteoclasts

Question 19

A red bone marrow transplant would be used to

A)increase fat storage.
B)supply bone forming material or osteoblasts.
C)supply blood cell forming material.
D)help bones grow longer.
E)increase the amount of dense fibrous connective tissue.

Question 20

If your bones were "pulled out," you would perhaps resemble a large pancake with eyes.Which of the following would NOT be affected?

A)substantial body movement (walking,etc.)
B)storage of calcium,phosphorus,and fat
C)blood cell production
D)protection of brain and other soft organs
E)detection of stimuli

Question 21

The origin of a muscle is found on the bone that moves.

Question 22

Which of these bones is found in the pelvic girdle?

A)humerus
B)ulna
C)femur
D)coxal
E)tibia

Question 23

Which bone is the only bone in the body that does not articulate with another bone?

A)zygomatic bone
B)mandible
C)floating rib
D)hyoid bone
E)wrist bone

Question 24

The patella is primarily held in place by tendons that attach it to the

A)femur.
B)fibula.
C)tibia.
D)calcaneus.
E)tarsal bones.

Question 25

The radius is to the ulna as the

A)tibia is to the femur.
B)fibula is to the ulna.
C)fibula is to the tibia.
D)humerus is to the femur.
E)humerus is the radius.

Question 26

The radius bone in Figure 19.1 is the bone labeled

A)a
B)b
C)c
D)d
E)e

Question 27

The humerus bone in Figure 19.1 is the bone labeled

A)a
B)b
C)c
D)d
E)e

Question 28

Classification of joints is based on

A)their location in the body.
B)the presence or absence of tendons.
C)their ability to move.
D)the length of bones concerned.
E)the type of muscles attached.

Question 29

What disease is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine?

A)rheumatoid arthritis
B)bursitis
C)osteoarthritis
D)osteoporosis
E)scoliosis

Question 30

When the biceps brachii contracts,the lower arm extends.

Question 31

The joints found between the vertebrae are classified as being

A)immovable.
B)slightly movable.
C)freely movable.
D)synovial joints.
E)discoidal.

Question 32

In Hong Kong,as in many Asian countries,there is not enough countryside to have everyone buried in cemeteries.Therefore,they require reburial of the human bones only in an ossarium,a wall that consists of many shoe box-sized cubicles,or concrete boxes,that hold all of the bones intact but disarticulated.The size of this box is about 10 inches high,12 inches wide,and about 2 feet long.What are the largest skeletal structures that will determine the size of the box?

A)humerus and skull
B)ulna and pelvis
C)femur and skull
D)femur and pelvis
E)tibia and humerus

Question 33

A structure that reduces the weight of the skull and drains into the middle ear would be

A)a fontanel.
B)a diaphysis.
C)yellow bone marrow.
D)red bone marrow.
E)a sinus.

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT true about the vertebrae?

A)They are part of the appendicular skeleton.
B)They form a dorsal backbone.
C)They help form four curvatures of the spine.
D)They are separated by intervertebral disks.
E)They help protect the spinal cord.

Question 35

The knee is an example of a(n)

A)immovable joint.
B)slightly movable joint.
C)fibrous joint.
D)immovable synovial joint.
E)movable,synovial joint.

Question 36

Which is NOT a correct association of facial bones?

A)zygomatic bones-bridge of the nose
B)mandible-lower jaw
C)maxillae-upper jaw and hard palate
D)temporal-temples
E)frontal-forehead

Question 37

The correct order of regions of vertebrae,from superior to inferior,is

A)thoracic $\rightarrow$ lumbar $\rightarrow$ sacrum $\rightarrow$ cervical $\rightarrow$ coccyx.
B)cervical $\rightarrow$ lumbar $\rightarrow$ sacrum $\rightarrow$ thoracic $\rightarrow$ coccyx.
C)cervical $\rightarrow$ thoracic $\rightarrow$ lumbar $\rightarrow$ sacrum $\rightarrow$ coccyx.
D)lumbar $\rightarrow$ sacrum $\rightarrow$ cervical $\rightarrow$ thoracic $\rightarrow$ coccyx.
E)sacrum $\rightarrow$ cervical $\rightarrow$ thoracic $\rightarrow$ lumbar $\rightarrow$ coccyx.

Question 38

If you change your hands from a position where they are folded together to where they are cupped to collect a handful of water,you have mainly rotated which arm bone(s)?

A)humerus
B)scapula
C)ulna
D)radius
E)carpels

Question 39

The crescent-shaped pieces of cartilage between the bones in the knee are called

A)ligaments.
B)tendons.
C)patellas.
D)bursae.
E)menisci.

Question 40

Which of the following would NOT be found in the pectoral girdle and associated appendages?

A)clavicle
B)scapula
C)humerus
D)tibia
E)phalanges

Question 41

Which of the following will increase during strenuous muscular activity?

A)oxygen
B)carbon monoxide
C)lactic acid
D)liver glycogen
E)myosin

Question 42

The muscle action potential will cause the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release calcium ions when stimulated directly by the

A)sarcolemma.
B)neuromuscular junction.
C)tropomyosin.
D)axon terminal.
E)T tubule.

Question 43

Which of these gives the correct order from large to small?

A)muscle $\rightarrow$ muscle cell $\rightarrow$ myofibril $\rightarrow$ sarcomeres $\rightarrow$ filaments
B)muscle $\rightarrow$ muscle fibers $\rightarrow$ sarcomeres $\rightarrow$ filaments $\rightarrow$ myofibrils
C)muscle $\rightarrow$ sarcomeres $\rightarrow$ myofibrils $\rightarrow$ actin filaments $\rightarrow$ myosin filaments
D)muscle cells $\rightarrow$ myofibrils $\rightarrow$ filaments $\rightarrow$ sarcomeres
E)muscle $\rightarrow$ myofibrils $\rightarrow$ sarcomeres $\rightarrow$ muscle cells $\rightarrow$ filaments

Question 44

The antagonistic muscle to the quadriceps femoris group is the gastrocnemius.

Question 45

What is the correct order of structures that a motor nerve stimulation encounters when triggering a contraction?

A)motor nerve $\rightarrow$ synaptic cleft $\rightarrow$ sarcoplasmic reticulum $\rightarrow$ sarcolemma $\rightarrow$ troponin
B)motor nerve $\rightarrow$ synaptic cleft $\rightarrow$ sarcolemma $\rightarrow$ sarcoplasmic reticulum $\rightarrow$ troponin
C)motor nerve $\rightarrow$ sarcoplasmic reticulum $\rightarrow$ synaptic cleft $\rightarrow$ sarcolemma $\rightarrow$ troponin
D)motor nerve $\rightarrow$ sarcolemma $\rightarrow$ sarcoplasmic reticulum $\rightarrow$ synaptic cleft $\rightarrow$ troponin
E)motor nerve $\rightarrow$ sarcolemma $\rightarrow$ synaptic cleft $\rightarrow$ sarcoplasmic reticulum $\rightarrow$ troponin

Question 46

Timothy has really "ripped" abdominal muscles.What muscle(s)has he exercised extensively to get that appearance?

A)rectus abdominis
B)biceps brachii
C)latissimus dorsi
D)external oblique
E)adductor longus

Question 47

What is the name of the muscle that you sit on?

A)deltoid
B)quadriceps femoris group
C)hamstring group
D)gluteus maximus
E)pectoralis major

Question 48

Which of the following criteria is not used in the naming of muscles?

A)size
B)shape
C)location
D)name(s)of the bone(s)it attaches to
E)number of attachments

Question 49

Skeletal muscles

A)are found in and about internal organs.
B)work in antagonistic pairs.
C)never get longer when they contract.
D)contain calcium throughout the cell.
E)have the same origin and insertion point.

Question 50

Which statement is NOT true regarding cross bridges?

A)They involve the use of Ca²⁺.
B)They are used to split ATP.
C)They form a complex with actin.
D)They are extensions of myosin molecules.
E)They attach to active sites on myosin.

Question 51

The conversion that supplies the required energy for muscle contraction might be illustrated as

A)ATP $\rightarrow$ ADP + (P).
B)AMP $\rightarrow$ ATP.
C)glucose $\rightarrow$ O₂ + lactic acid.
D)O₂ $\rightarrow$ lactic acid + CO₂.
E)glucose + O₂ $\rightarrow$ water + lactic acid.

Question 52

Which molecule can be used directly to regenerate ATP?

A)ADP
B)glucose
C)lactate
D)creatine phosphate
E)tropomyosin

Question 53

Name the neuromuscular transmitter that is released at the axon terminal.

A)sodium ions
B)calcium ions
C)ATP
D)creatine phosphate
E)acetylcholine

Question 54

In contraction

A)the thin filaments become shorter.
B)the thin filaments become longer.
C)the thick filaments become shorter.
D)the thick filaments become longer.
E)neither of the filaments change length.

Question 55

Actin and myosin filaments are both present in the dense region called the

A)A band.
B)Z line.
C)H zone.
D)I band.
E)M band.

Question 56

Oxygen debt may be associated with

A)low oxygen demand by the cells.
B)lactic acid buildup.
C)too much oxygen in the body.
D)too little carbon dioxide in the body.
E)failure to convert potential energy into kinetic energy.

Question 57

In an accident,the extensor muscles across the back of the fingers of one hand are completely severed.What is the result if no surgery is done to rejoin them?

A)The fingers will dangle and extend out limp.
B)The fingers will curl and remain permanently flexed.
C)The fingers will forcibly extend and remain extended.
D)Hand movements will continue as before the accident.
E)It depends on how the muscles heal.

Question 58

A neuromuscular junction operates much like a synapse between two nerve cells.

Question 59

The plasma membrane of a muscle cell is called a sarcolemma.

Question 60

The deltoid muscle is shaped like a triangle.

Question 61

Which is NOT a correct association of diseases and description or symptoms?

A)atrophy-decrease in size of muscles from lack of use or stimulation
B)fibromyalgia-chronic pain in the muscles and ligaments
C)osteoarthritis-degenerative joint disease
D)osteoporosis-weakening or thinning of bone sometimes due to low estrogen levels
E)rheumatoid arthritis-simple wear and tear on joints

Question 62

Which part of a muscle twitch occurs when the sarcomere distance is decreasing?

A)latent period
B)contraction period
C)relaxation period
D)refractory period
E)expansion period

Question 63

If all of the muscle fibers in the neck,trunk,and legs were to totally relax,the body would collapse.What is the state called where some of the fibers in a particular muscle are always contracted?

A)twitch
B)threshold
C)tetanus
D)tone
E)summation

Question 64

Which is not true of osteoarthritis?

A)typically begins after age 40
B)is more common than rheumatoid arthritis
C)may be treated by replacing damaged joints
D)may be caused by overuse of a joint
E)result of the immune system attacking the joints

Question 65

Depending on the degree of stimulation,more and more individual muscle fibers contract,resulting in a stronger muscle contraction.

Question 66

In the movies,there are often scenes where someone is holding a person to prevent them from falling.All of a sudden,the person's grip gives way and the other person falls.What is this most likely due to?

A)The person changes their mind and lets go.
B)Fatigue,following sustained muscle contraction,is apparent when a muscle relaxes even though stimulation continues.
C)A muscle twitch has a contraction period followed by a relaxation period.
D)Some of the muscle fibers contract while others relax at any given time.When more muscle fibers relax than contract,the grip would be broken.
E)The slow-twitch muscle fibers take over after the fast-twitch muscle fibers fail.These do not have the same strength and endurance as the fast-twitch fibers and the person lets go.

Question 67

A muscle cramp happens when the actin and myosin filaments "seize up."

Question 68

If an athlete is training for the Olympic weight lifting team,what type of exercising should they be doing?

A)Their training routine should include weight lifting,sprinting,or any other type of activity that requires an explosion of energy in order to increase their fast-twitch fibers.
B)Their training routine should include weight lifting,sprinting,or any other type of activity that requires an explosion of energy in order to increase their slow-twitch fibers.
C)Their training routine should include swimming,biking,jogging,and any other type of activity that requires an explosion of energy in order to increase their fast-twitch fibers.
D)Their training routine should include swimming,biking,jogging,and any other type of activity that produces their energy aerobically in order to increase their slow-twitch fibers.

Question 69

Jack broke his right leg in a football accident.He has had a cast on for about 2 months.Now that the cast is off,Jack has found that his right calf is significantly smaller than his left calf.Why is this?

A)The unused right calf atrophied.
B)When you break a bone,the attached muscle is also torn.Therefore,it gets smaller.
C)Calf muscles are composed of fast-twitch fibers and tend to grow larger over time.
D)The left calf probably hypertrophied in compensating for the broken leg during walking.
E)This is highly unusual and suggests some type of muscle disease.

Question 70

Judo is a sport that requires an explosion of energy rather than endurance.The better type of muscle would be

A)slow-twitch fibers with many mitochondria and high blood supply.
B)slow-twitch fibers with fewer mitochondria and lower blood supply.
C)fast-twitch fibers with many mitochondria and high blood supply.
D)fast-twitch fibers with fewer mitochondria and lower blood supply.
E)fast-twitch fibers with a reserve of glycogen and fat.

Question 71

In a complete bone fracture,the break does not pass all the way through the bone.

Question 72

Muscles that are not used or used for very weak contractions experience hypertrophy.

Question 73

What problems would occur if an individual were to tear their biceps brachii?

A)They would be unable to flex the forearm.
B)They would be unable to extend the forearm.
C)They would be unable to abduct their arm.
D)They would be able to curl their fingers.
E)All of the answer choices could not be performed.

Question 74

Which of the following can prevent osteoporosis?

A)aspirin therapy
B)estrogen replacement therapy
C)treatment with chondroitin sulfate
D)treatment with glucosamine
E)treatment with corticosteroids

Question 75

What is the condition in many older women in which the bones become weak and thin?

A)rheumatoid arthritis
B)bursitis
C)osteoarthritis
D)osteoporosis
E)meningitis

Question 76

A muscle but not the muscle fiber will obey the all-or-none law.

Question 77

A maximal sustained muscle contraction is called

A)a twitch.
B)a threshold.
C)tetanus.
D)tone.
E)summation.