Deck 15: Respiratory System

Question 1

After the trachea,what is the next structure that air passes through?

A)bronchi
B)alveolus
C)larynx
D)pharynx
E)bronchioles

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood occurs by the process of

A)diffusion.
B)osmosis.
C)filtration.
D)active transport.
E)ionic bonding.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following is an upper respiratory tract disease?

A)pharyngitis
B)acute bronchitis
C)asthma
D)pneumonia
E)cystic fibrosis

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The vocal cords are found in the

A)bronchi.
B)nose.
C)larynx.
D)lungs.
E)pharynx.

Question 5

Blood in the pulmonary capillaries has a higher partial pressure of carbon dioxide than atmospheric air.

Question 6

Which portion of the respiratory tract is commonly referred to as the "throat"?

A)pharynx
B)larynx
C)glottis
D)trachea
E)epiglottis

Question 7

A lung disease caused by bacteria that become encapsulated is called

A)emphysema.
B)pneumonia.
C)rheumatic fever.
D)tuberculosis.
E)pulmonary fibrosis.

Question 8

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs at which location in Figure 15.1?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 9

Most respiratory infections are caused by viruses and can successfully be treated with antibiotics.

Question 10

The maximum volume of air that can be moved in plus the maximum volume of air that can be moved out during a single breath is the

A)tidal volume.
B)inspiratory reserve volume.
C)expiratory reserve volume.
D)vital capacity.
E)residual volume.

Question 11

Carbonic anhydrase

A)is a digestive enzyme.
B)is dissolved in plasma.
C)speeds up the conversion of carbonic acid to carbon dioxide and water.
D)speeds up the conversion of carbon dioxide to oxygen.
E)speeds up the conversion of oxyhemoglobin.

Question 12

Which point in Figure 15.1 produces vocal sounds when air passes through it?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 13

In an average adult,only about 1/3 of the air inhaled actually reaches the alveoli.

Question 14

Which of the following symptoms would not be typical of otitis media?

A)pain
B)sense of fullness in the ear
C)hearing loss
D)headache
E)dizziness

Question 15

Which disease causes the lungs to fill with thick fluid?

A)pharyngitis
B)sinusitis
C)emphysema
D)tuberculosis
E)pneumonia

Question 16

You are looking at a structure in the respiratory tract that is filled with small sacs or air pockets.What structure are you looking at?

A)bronchi
B)alveoli
C)larynx
D)pharynx
E)nose

Question 17

The type of respiration in which gases are exchanged between the blood and tissue fluid is termed

A)breathing.
B)external respiration.
C)internal respiration.
D)cellular respiration.
E)inspiration.

Question 18

The entrance and exit of air into and out of the lungs is called

A)ventilation.
B)external respiration.
C)internal respiration.
D)cellular respiration.
E)inspiration.

Question 19

The Adam's apple is actually a part of the

A)pharynx.
B)larynx.
C)glottis.
D)vocal cords.
E)trachea.

Question 20

When we are relaxed,only a small amount of air moves in and out with each breath.This is called

A)static volume.
B)tidal volume.
C)inspiratory reserve volume.
D)expiratory reserve volume.
E)residual volume.

Question 21

What happens to the pH of the bloodstream if a person hypoventilates?

A)The pH of the blood will become more acidic.
B)The pH of the blood will increase.
C)The pH of the blood will initially increase and then dramatically decrease.
D)The pH of the blood will initially decrease and then dramatically increase.
E)Nothing will happen to the pH of the blood.

Question 22

Which is NOT a major function of the respiratory tract?

A)warming incoming air before it reaches the lungs
B)moistening incoming air
C)filtering out dust and water particles
D)conducting air with higher O₂ to lungs and conducting air with higher CO₂ back out
E)transferring and extracting nutrients

Question 23

Oxygen in the lungs diffuses from the capillary walls to enter the alveolar walls.

Question 24

Trace the path of an inhaled air molecule.

A)nasal cavity $\rightarrow$ glottis $\rightarrow$ larynx $\rightarrow$ trachea $\rightarrow$ pharynx $\rightarrow$ bronchi $\rightarrow$ bronchioles $\rightarrow$ alveoli
B)nasal cavity $\rightarrow$ pharynx $\rightarrow$ larynx $\rightarrow$ glottis $\rightarrow$ trachea $\rightarrow$ bronchi $\rightarrow$ bronchioles $\rightarrow$ alveoli
C)nasal cavity $\rightarrow$ pharynx $\rightarrow$ glottis $\rightarrow$ larynx $\rightarrow$ trachea $\rightarrow$ bronchi $\rightarrow$ bronchioles $\rightarrow$ alveoli
D)nasal cavity $\rightarrow$ pharynx $\rightarrow$ glottis $\rightarrow$ larynx $\rightarrow$ trachea $\rightarrow$ bronchioles $\rightarrow$ bronchi $\rightarrow$ alveoli
E)nasal cavity $\rightarrow$ pharynx $\rightarrow$ glottis $\rightarrow$ trachea $\rightarrow$ larynx $\rightarrow$ bronchi $\rightarrow$ bronchioles $\rightarrow$ alveoli

Question 25

Cystic fibrosis has a genetic cause.

Question 26

Which part of the respiratory system is composed of C-shaped cartilaginous rings and cilia?

A)pharynx
B)larynx
C)trachea
D)bronchioles
E)alveoli

Question 27

In humans,the lungs inflate when the

A)rib muscles contract.
B)diaphragm muscle contracts.
C)external intercostal rib muscles and diaphragm contract.
D)diaphragm relaxes.
E)rib muscles and diaphragm relax.

Question 28

Which of the following treatments can cure lung cancer?

A)pneumonectomy
B)steroids
C)antibiotics
D)mucus-thinning drugs
E)tracheotomy

Question 29

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the normal mechanism of ventilation?

A)There must be a continuous column of air from the pharynx to the alveoli.
B)The lungs must lie within a sealed-off thoracic cavity.
C)The inner and outer pleural membranes must be separated by a thin film of fluid.
D)The intrapleural pressure must be greater than the atmospheric pressure.
E)The diaphragm,when contracted,will be lowered.

Question 30

The breathing rate is controlled by chemoreceptors that detect

A)levels of oxygen in the alveolar air space.
B)levels of oxygen in the blood.
C)levels of carbon dioxide in the alveolar air space.
D)levels of carbon dioxide in the blood.
E)level of stretching of the rib muscles and diaphragm.

Question 31

Food is prevented from entering the trachea by the

A)pharynx.
B)larynx.
C)bronchioles.
D)saliva.
E)epiglottis.

Question 32

The majority of cases of lung cancer are associated with smoking.

Question 33

Which respiratory organ normally allows both air and food passage?

A)bronchi
B)trachea
C)larynx
D)pharynx
E)nasal cavity

Question 34

Which of the following respiratory structures will have the least amount of cartilage and the thinnest walls?

A)larynx
B)trachea
C)bronchi
D)bronchioles
E)pharynx

Question 35

Compared to outside air,describe the air that reaches the lungs.

A)warmer and with more moisture
B)warmer and with less moisture
C)cooler and with more moisture
D)cooler and with less moisture
E)exactly the same

Question 36

Both inspiration and expiration require active engagement of the diaphragm and the rib muscles.

Question 37

Which association is NOT correct?

A)larynx-voice box
B)trachea-windpipe
C)alveoli-gas exchange
D)pharynx-vocal cords
E)hair and mucus-nasal passages

Question 38

Which of the following statements does not correctly describe air movement along the respiratory tract?

A)Cilia and hairs in the nose help to screen out foreign particles in the air.
B)Food and air both enter the pharynx,presenting a potential danger to respiration.
C)Air reaching the lungs has been warmed to body temperature by passage through the nose and upper respiratory system.
D)The glottis is the passageway through the larynx by which air enters the trachea.
E)The bronchi serve as passageways into the trachea.

Question 39

What happens to the blood pH if a person hyperventilates?

A)The pH will increase.
B)The pH will remain the same.
C)The pH will decrease.
D)The pH will initially increase but then dramatically decrease.
E)The pH will initially decrease but then dramatically increase.

Question 40

A voice changes from high to low pitch in speaking by

A)changing the volume of air that flows across the vocal cords.
B)controlling the growth of the tissue.
C)increasing the amplitude of the vocal cord vibrations.
D)changing the tension on the vocal cords.
E)changing the tension on the epiglottis.

Question 41

What keeps the alveoli open so that gas exchange can take place?

A)rings of cartilage
B)surfactant
C)smooth muscle
D)mucus
E)air

Question 42

Scientific studies have shown that which of the following is NOT associated with smoking?

A)increased risk of lung cancer
B)increased severity of allergies
C)increased risk of ulcers
D)increased risk of stroke
E)increased risk of diabetes

Question 43

What components does respiration include?

A)only the exchange of oxygen in the lungs
B)exchange of gases in the lungs and in the tissues
C)only the exchange of oxygen in the tissues
D)only exchange of carbon dioxide in the lungs
E)only the exchange of carbon dioxide in the tissues

Question 44

Most of the carbon dioxide transported in the plasma is in the form of

A)gas bubbles.
B)oxyhemoglobin.
C)bicarbonate ions.
D)carbaminohemoglobin.
E)carbon monoxide.

Question 45

Which of the following diseases is caused by exposure to particles inhaled primarily in the workplace (silica,coal dust,etc.)?

A)emphysema
B)pneumonia
C)rheumatic fever
D)tuberculosis
E)pulmonary fibrosis

Question 46

A short while after a person has died,a "gasp" of air may occur as the lungs collapse.This flow would represent the

A)tidal volume.
B)expiratory reserve volume.
C)total lung volume.
D)vital capacity.
E)residual volume.

Question 47

An infection with Mycobacterium can cause tubercles in the lungs.

Question 48

Which disease has an allergic cause?

A)otitis media
B)laryngitis
C)asthma
D)pneumonia
E)emphysema

Question 49

Almost all of the disorders of the respiratory system are due to infectious diseases.Those that are not infectious are most likely inherited diseases.

Question 50

The symptoms of laryngitis include a severe sore throat,high fever,and white patches on the throat.

Question 51

If a lung is punctured in a car accident,that lobe fails to inflate even though there is no obstruction of the air passageway to that lobe.Why?

A)The trauma must have damaged the nerve path controlling ribs on that side of the lung.
B)Negative feedback prevents the ribs and diaphragm on that side from causing pain.
C)When the chest volume expands,air can now rush in through the puncture without filling the alveoli.
D)Mucus or blood must be filling the lobe.
E)Stimulation of stretch receptors in the alveolar walls initiate inhibitory nerve impulses.

Question 52

Sarah comes home from school with a horrible pressure behind her eyes.Her nose is running and she has a headache.She recently had a cold.What is Sarah most likely suffering from?

A)otitis media
B)sinusitis
C)bronchitis
D)asthma
E)pneumonia

Question 53

You should treat the common cold with antibiotics to shorten the duration of symptoms.

Question 54

The highest carbon dioxide concentration will be found in (or at)the

A)atmosphere.
B)trachea.
C)alveoli.
D)tissue cells.
E)blood.

Question 55

A pressurized airplane cabin and an oxygen tent over a patient in a hospital both address the need of a person for oxygen.How do these compare?

A)The oxygen tent increases the air pressure to increase the PO₂.
B)Airplane cabin pressure lowers the partial pressures for normal breathing.
C)Both use the same mechanism to force hemoglobin to increase affinity for oxygen.
D)The oxygen tent increases concentration of O₂ while the airplane maintains total air pressure without changing concentrations.
E)Both increase the PO₂ in order to force the exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide.

Question 56

Which of the following diseases make up chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

A)emphysema,chronic bronchitis,and asthma
B)emphysema,tuberculosis,and cystic fibrosis
C)chronic bronchitis,tuberculosis,and pulmonary fibrosis
D)tuberculosis,cystic fibrosis,and asthma
E)pulmonary fibrosis,asthma,and cystic fibrosis

Question 57

From the inside of the lungs,what is the first cell type the air must pass through to reach the blood?

A)simple squamous epithelium
B)cartilage
C)muscle
D)red blood cells
E)pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 58

Many lung ailments are "not curable but treatable." Which of the following conditions is most curable?

A)advanced lung cancer with metastases
B)standard tuberculosis
C)asthma
D)emphysema
E)COPD

Question 59

Oxygen is transported in blood most efficiently by

A)being dissolved in the plasma.
B)chemical conversion to water.
C)combining with hemoglobin.
D)combining with carbon dioxide to form bicarbonate ions.
E)a free oxygen ion or radical.

Question 60

Aortic and carotid bodies are

A)the same as the SA and AV nodes.
B)types of valves in the heart.
C)present in the lungs.
D)sensitive to changes in CO₂ and H⁺ in the blood.
E)sensitive to oxygen changes.

Question 61

Blood richest in oxygen is found in the

A)inferior vena cava.
B)superior vena cava.
C)pulmonary arteries.
D)pulmonary veins.
E)systemic capillaries.

Question 62

Phillip is breathing at approximately 40 ventilations per minute.What is the respiratory center indicating?

A)low oxygen concentration in the lungs
B)high carbon dioxide concentration in the blood
C)low oxygen concentration in the blood
D)the firing of the intercostal nerves
E)stretch receptors in the alveolar walls

Question 63

What happens if you hyperventilate?

A)Oxygen diffuses out of the blood into the lungs.
B)The pH of the blood becomes more basic.
C)There are more hydrogen ions in the blood.
D)Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the lungs into the blood.
E)More bicarbonate ion is formed.

Question 64

By what route does CO₂ leave the body?

A)pulmonary artery $\rightarrow$ alveolus $\rightarrow$ bronchus $\rightarrow$ bronchiole $\rightarrow$ trachea $\rightarrow$ pharynx $\rightarrow$ larynx
B)pulmonary vein $\rightarrow$ bronchiole $\rightarrow$ alveolus $\rightarrow$ bronchus $\rightarrow$ trachea $\rightarrow$ pharynx $\rightarrow$ larynx
C)pulmonary artery $\rightarrow$ alveolus $\rightarrow$ bronchiole $\rightarrow$ bronchus $\rightarrow$ trachea $\rightarrow$ larynx $\rightarrow$ pharynx
D)pulmonary vein $\rightarrow$ alveolus $\rightarrow$ bronchus $\rightarrow$ bronchiole $\rightarrow$ trachea $\rightarrow$ larynx $\rightarrow$ pharynx
E)pulmonary artery $\rightarrow$ alveolus $\rightarrow$ bronchiole $\rightarrow$ bronchus $\rightarrow$ trachea $\rightarrow$ pharynx $\rightarrow$ larynx

Question 65

Imagine you are trying to fit down an aisle at the local store that is filled with boxes.In order to squeeze between two stacks of boxes you need to "suck it in." Which of the following descriptions best explains why "sucking it in" isn't the best way to fit through a tight space?

A)While sucking it in,your diaphragm contracts and moves down,causing the lung volume to increase.This causes the rib cage to move up and out,making your chest expand.
B)While sucking it in,your diaphragm contracts and moves upward,causing the lung volume to increase.This causes the rib cage to move up and out,making your chest larger.
C)While sucking it in,your diaphragm contracts and moves down,causing the lung volume to decrease.This causes the rib cage to move up and out,making your chest larger.
D)While sucking it in,your diaphragm contracts and moves down,causing the lung volume to increase.This causes the rib cage to move down and out,making your chest larger.
E)While sucking it in,your diaphragm contracts and moves upward,causing the lung volume to increase.This causes the rib cage to move down and out,making your chest larger.

Question 66

Which is NOT a correct association of respiratory problems and symptoms?

A)laryngitis-inflammation of the larynx that causes hoarseness or loss of voice
B)tonsillitis-inflammation of the uvula often cured by removal of the useless tissue
C)otitis media-ear pain due to bacterial infection of the middle ear
D)sinusitis-pain and tenderness in lower forehead and over the cheeks
E)pharyngitis-infection of the throat

Question 67

Which is NOT a correct association of lower respiratory problems and causes or symptoms?

A)chronic bronchitis-ongoing inflammation and possible infection of bronchi with loss of cilia
B)pulmonary fibrosis-loss of lung elasticity due to breathing silica,coal dust,asbestos,etc.
C)emphysema-reduced lung and chest volume due to collapsed alveoli and overventilation
D)pulmonary tuberculosis-a bacterial infection that the body tries to isolate and seal off
E)Pneumocystis carinii-pneumonia caused by a protozoan in absence of a healthy immune system

Question 68

Identify the structures and disorders associated with the upper respiratory system.

Question 69

Why does the surface of the lungs need to be covered with pleura?

A)to allow the exchange of oxygen within the alveoli
B)to allow the exchange of carbon dioxide within the alveoli
C)to produce the muscular contractions that expand the lungs
D)to enable the lungs to slide past the internal chest wall and diaphragm
E)to prevent the alveoli from collapsing due to pressure

Question 70

How does expired air compare with inspired air?

A)Expired air contains less oxygen but more carbon dioxide.
B)Expired air contains less oxygen and less carbon dioxide.
C)Expired air contains more oxygen and more carbon dioxide.
D)Expired air contains more oxygen but less carbon dioxide.
E)Expired and inspired air contain the same amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide.