Deck 7: Cellular Respiration

Question 1

The most efficient method to produce ATP in animal cells is by glycolysis.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Glycolysis is likely to have evolved before the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain because

A)it has an older fossil record.
B)it is found in all living organisms.
C)it occurs inside the mitochondria.
D)the process is found in all primitive bacteria but lacking in many advanced organisms.
E)it produces more ATP than do the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What role does NAD⁺ play in cellular respiration?

A)It is an electron carrier.
B)It produces the ATP.
C)It is an enzyme.
D)It provides the oxygen.
E)It provides the energy.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which molecules are the products of aerobic respiration?

A)glucose and carbon dioxide
B)glucose and water
C)glucose and oxygen
D)lactate and carbon dioxide
E)carbon dioxide and water

Question 5

Why is cellular respiration organized into four phases?

A)So that the energy within the glucose molecule can be released in a stepwise fashion.
B)So that it can take place within different cells.
C)So that most of the energy can be released as body heat.
D)So that oxidation can occur without reduction.
E)So that the body can make energy from different substrates.

Question 6

Which molecules are the reactants or substrates for aerobic respiration?

A)glucose and carbon dioxide
B)lactate and oxygen
C)carbon dioxide and water
D)oxygen and glucose
E)glucose and water

Question 7

Which of the following is a substrate of cellular respiration?

A)carbon dioxide
B)water
C)glucose
D)ATP
E)energy

Question 8

How efficient is the breakdown of one glucose via cellular respiration?

A)100%
B)58%
C)39%
D)20%
E)less than 10%

Question 9

Which of the following reactions is NOT part of the cellular respiration pathway?

A)glycolysis
B)citric acid cycle
C)Calvin cycle
D)electron transport chain
E)preparatory reaction (prep)

Question 10

What is the correct order of phases in cellular respiration?

A)citric acid cycle,prep reaction,glycolysis,electron transport chain
B)electron transport chain,glycolysis,prep reaction,citric acid cycle
C)prep reaction,glycolysis,electron transport chain,citric acid cycle
D)glycolysis,prep reaction,citric acid cycle,electron transport chain
E)glycolysis,citric acid cycle,prep reaction,electron transport chain

Question 11

Where does glycolysis take place within the cell?

A)endoplasmic reticulum
B)nucleus
C)mitochondrial matrix
D)mitochondrial membrane
E)cytoplasm

Question 12

If the carbons from glucose were radioactively labeled,what molecule(s)would end up with the label?

A)pyruvate
B)citric acid
C)carbon dioxide
D)carbon dioxide and citrate
E)pyruvate and carbon dioxide

Question 13

Which of the following statements about glycolysis is true?

A)Glycolysis results in the release of carbon dioxide.
B)Glycolysis is a cyclical reaction.
C)Glycolysis is a reduction reaction where only glucose is reduced.
D)Glycolysis occurs twice per glucose molecule.
E)Glycolysis breaks glucose down to two pyruvate molecules.

Question 14

Glycolysis is linked to the citric acid cycle when oxygen is not available.

Question 15

Which of the following does not describe the role of NAD⁺ in cellular respiration?

A)It accepts two electrons.
B)It is a coenzyme.
C)It helps to oxidize the substrate.
D)It is reduced.
E)It provides the energy for the reaction.

Question 16

Cellular respiration is an aerobic process.This means that it

A)uses energy.
B)produces energy.
C)requires carbon dioxide.
D)requires water.
E)requires oxygen.

Question 17

The equation: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ $\rightarrow$ 38 ATP + 6CO₂ + 6H₂O represents which cellular process?

A)glycolysis
B)electron transport system
C)citric acid cycle
D)photosynthesis
E)cellular respiration

Question 18

NADH and FADH₂ bring electrons to the electron transport chain during cellular respiration.

Question 19

Cellular respiration involves all of the following except

A)the breakdown of molecules.
B)the release of energy.
C)the synthesis of ATP.
D)breathing in and out.
E)the release of carbon dioxide.

Question 20

Why is ATP used as the energy molecule of the cell?

A)ATP is easy to synthesize within the cell.
B)ATP contains large amounts of energy so at least some of it can be used by the cell.
C)ATP contains just about the amount of energy required for most cellular reactions.
D)ATP is stored inside the cell where it is readily available whenever needed.
E)ATP can be broken down into carbon dioxide and water.

Question 21

For the complete respiration of one molecule of glucose,the citric acid cycle must turn a total of

A)one time.
B)two times.
C)three times.
D)four times.
E)six times.

Question 22

Where does the preparatory reaction take place within the cell?

A)mitochondrial matrix
B)mitochondrial cristae
C)nucleus
D)cytoplasm
E)endoplasmic reticulum

Question 23

The final product of glycolysis is oxygen.

Question 24

The molecule that is found at the beginning and end of the citric acid cycle is

A)four-carbon molecule.
B)pyruvate.
C)lactate.
D)glucose.
E)RuBP.

Question 25

Pyruvate contains less chemical energy than glucose.

Question 26

Which pathway in cellular respiration will produce ATP,NADH₂,and carbon dioxide?

A)glycolysis
B)preparatory reaction
C)citric acid cycle
D)electron transport chain
E)photosynthesis

Question 27

Which is a correct association of mitochondrion structure and phase of cellular respiration?

A)matrix - electron transport chain
B)cristae - preparatory reaction
C)matrix - citric acid cycle
D)matrix - glycolysis
E)cristae - glycolysis

Question 28

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A)The end product of glycolysis is pyruvate.
B)The citric acid cycle begins and ends with pyruvate.
C)NADH₂ will eventually produce three ATP molecules.
D)Aerobic respiration of glucose has four phases.
E)Aerobic respiration uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.

Question 29

Which of the following best defines substrate-level ATP synthesis?

A)An enzyme passes a high-energy phosphate to ADP,resulting in ATP.
B)ATP is used to activate glucose for glycolysis.
C)An exergonic reaction is used to drive the synthesis of ATP from ADP plus phosphate.
D)Oxidation of a substrate results in a high energy bond.
E)ATP is synthesized from adenosine plus three phosphates.

Question 30

An acetyl group contains how many carbons?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
E)six

Question 31

How many molecules are formed from the cleavage of glucose during the first step of glycolysis? How many carbons are found in the resulting molecules?

A)6 molecules,each with 2 carbons
B)4 molecules,each with 3 carbons
C)3 molecules,each with 4 carbons
D)2 molecules,each with 3 carbons
E)3 molecules,each with 2 carbons

Question 32

The final products of glycolysis are

A)2 pyruvate,2 ATP,and 2 NADH + H⁺.
B)1 pyruvate and 2 ATP.
C)1 pyruvate and 2 NADH + H⁺.
D)2 ATP and 2 NADH + H⁺.
E)2 pyruvate.

Question 33

How many NADH + H⁺ are produced by the citric acid cycle per turn?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
E)six

Question 34

Some desert organisms can live out their life without ever drinking liquid water.What phase(s)of cellular respiration could provide the organism with water?

A)glycolysis
B)citric acid cycle
C)electron transport chain
D)glycolysis and electron transport chain
E)citric acid cycle and electron transport chain

Question 35

Pyruvate is converted to a two-carbon acetyl group attached to coenzyme A (CoA),and CO₂ is given off.This phase is called

A)substrate-level ATP synthesis.
B)the preparatory reaction.
C)the electron transport chain.
D)the citric acid cycle.
E)fermentation.

Question 36

You have discovered an organism that lives inside the gastrointestinal tract and does not contain a nucleus.Based on what you know of cellular respiration,how does it obtain its energy?

A)photosynthesis
B)glycolysis
C)glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
D)photosynthesis and the citric acid cycle
E)glycolysis,the citric acid cycle,and the electron transport chain

Question 37

There is a net gain of four ATPs as a result of glycolysis.

Question 38

Why are two ATP needed to begin glycolysis?

A)to activate the glucose
B)to donate electrons to NAD⁺
C)to compensate for the lack of oxygen
D)to accept electrons from glucose
E)to move the reaction into the mitochondria

Question 39

Which is NOT correct about the preparatory reaction?

A)It connects glycolysis to the citric acid cycle.
B)CO₂ is given off.
C)Pyruvate is converted to a two-carbon acetyl group.
D)NAD⁺ goes to NADH + H⁺ as acetyl-CoA forms.
E)The reaction occurs once per glucose molecule.

Question 40

The number of ATPs produced directly as a result of one turn of the citric acid cycle is

A)1.
B)2.
C)12.
D)14.
E)16.

Question 41

The energy difference between the reactant glucose and oxygen molecules and the product water and carbon dioxide is 686 kilocalories,yet the 36 ATP molecules produced are only storing 263 kilocalories in their outermost phosphate bond.The rest of the energy went

A)to the ADP fragment of the ATP molecule.
B)into providing the energy for life.
C)to power the electron transport chain.
D)to provide heat that is soon lost from the organism.
E)nowhere,but was destroyed.

Question 42

What phase(s)of cellular respiration produce(s)NADH + H⁺?

A)glycolysis
B)preparatory reaction
C)citric acid cycle
D)glycolysis and preparatory reaction
E)glycolysis,preparatory reaction,and citric acid cycle

Question 43

Muscles undergo fermentation when

A)no oxygen is available.
B)no water is available.
C)no carbon dioxide is available.
D)no ATP is available.
E)no pyruvate is available.

Question 44

Which of the following would not slow down the electron transport system's production of ATP?

A)Limit the amount of oxygen available.
B)Decrease use of ATP and thus reduce available ADP.
C)Reduce synthesis of NAD⁺ and FAD.
D)Add an NADH reductase inhibitor.
E)Increase the pumping of hydrogen ions into the intermembrane space of the mitochondria.

Question 45

The carriers of the electron transport chain are located

A)in the matrix of the mitochondria.
B)on the outer mitochondrial membrane.
C)on the cristae of the mitochondria.
D)within the intermembrane space.
E)within the cytoplasm of the cell.

Question 46

Fermentation is inefficient in using the energy found in food molecules and the resulting alcohol can be toxic to the organism producing it.Which of the following is not a reason why an organism would utilize fermentation?

A)If glucose levels are not high,there may be time to disperse the toxic alcohol waste.
B)The organism can survive short spells of anaerobic conditions and maintain growth and reproduction.
C)Fermentation can provide a rapid burst of ATP since it does not have to go through the full breakdown cycle.
D)Fermentation is the preferred process,even when oxygen is available.
E)For very small organisms,fermentation can be a simple process and is less complicated than cellular respiration.

Question 47

If we developed a molecule that blocked the ATP channel protein,what would be the first immediate effect?

A)accumulation of ATP in the mitochondrial matrix
B)accumulation of NADH in the mitochondrial matrix
C)no energy to pump hydrogen ions into the intermembrane space of a mitochondrion
D)reversal of the hydrogen ion gradient
E)immediate blockage of the cytochrome molecules

Question 48

The final acceptor for hydrogen ions in aerobic cellular respiration is

A)oxygen.
B)pyruvate.
C)CoA.
D)glucose.
E)carbon dioxide.

Question 49

In cellular respiration,what is the relationship between the energy content of the reactants (glucose and O₂)and products (CO₂ and H₂O)?

A)The energy content of the reactants (glucose and O₂)must equal the energy content of the products (CO₂ and H₂O).
B)The energy content of the reactants (glucose and O₂)must be greater than the energy content of the products (CO₂ and H₂O).
C)The energy content of the reactants (glucose and O₂)must be less than the energy content of the products (CO₂ and H₂O).
D)There is no relationship between the energy content of the reactants (glucose and O₂)and the energy content of the products (CO₂ and H₂O).
E)There is no relationship between O₂ and H₂O,but the energy content of glucose is less than that of CO₂.

Question 50

The production of ATP as a result of an electrochemical gradient is called

A)glycolysis.
B)substrate-level phosphorylation.
C)chemiosmosis.
D)deamination.
E)oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 51

The largest number of ATP molecules is produced in which phase of cellular respiration?

A)glycolysis
B)preparation reaction
C)citric acid cycle
D)electron transport chain
E)Calvin cycle

Question 52

All of the ATP molecules formed by the complete oxidation of glucose result from the electron transfer chain.

Question 53

The citric acid cycle turns once for each original glucose molecule.

Question 54

Why does FADH₂ result in fewer ATP than NADH + H⁺?

A)FADH₂ only contains one electron.
B)FADH₂ only contains one hydrogen ion.
C)FADH₂ drops its electrons off lower on the electron transport chain.
D)FADH₂ drops its electrons off higher on the electron transport chain.
E)FADH₂ drops its electrons off to oxygen.

Question 55

Why is fermentation essential to humans?

A)It is the best reaction we can utilize to produce ATP.
B)It produces lactate,which is essential for humans.
C)It produces carbon dioxide,which is necessary for our cells.
D)It generates the NAD⁺ we need for metabolism.
E)It is essential when we need a rapid burst of energy.

Question 56

The ATP synthase complex is located in the

A)cytoplasm outside the mitochondria.
B)matrix inside the mitochondria.
C)cristae of the mitochondria.
D)outer membrane of the mitochondria.
E)plasma membrane of the cell.

Question 57

Why do organisms without oxygen need to convert pyruvate to lactate?

A)in order to regenerate NAD⁺
B)because lactate is needed to produce ATP
C)because pyruvate is toxic to the cells
D)in order to use lactate in the citric acid cycle
E)because the conversion provides much more ATP for the cell

Question 58

Which of the following statements about fermentation is not true?

A)Fermentation involves the citric acid cycle.
B)Fermentation does not require oxygen.
C)Fermentation can produce lactic acid.
D)Fermentation produces a net two ATP molecules.
E)Fermentation can produce alcohol.

Question 59

Why does chemiosmosis require a membrane?

A)to anchor proteins within the mitochondria
B)because the phospholipids are involved in the electron transport chain
C)to separate two compartments of the cell to allow for gradient formation
D)to generate H⁺ from water
E)to provide a large surface area

Question 60

Pyruvate can be converted to lactate instead of going to the preparatory reaction.Why does this occur?

A)The cells need lactate to produce ATP.
B)There is no sunlight.
C)The cells doing the reaction are prokaryotes.
D)Oxygen is not available.
E)There is a shortage of glucose.

Question 61

Fermentation follows glycolysis in some cells if oxygen is not available.

Question 62

What are the input requirements of glycolysis?

A)2 ATP,2 NAD⁺,glucose,and 4 ADP
B)4 ATP,2 NAD⁺,glucose,and 4 ADP
C)2 pyruvates,2 NADH,and 2 ADP
D)2 ATP,4 NAD⁺,glucose,and 4 ADP
E)2 ATP,2 NAD⁺,glucose,and 2 ADP

Question 63

List the inputs and outputs of glycolysis.

Question 64

Fermentation is the process that allows bread to rise.

Question 65

Write out the overall equation for cellular respiration.

Question 66

What is the most likely reason that cellular respiration would shift from an aerobic state into an anaerobic state?

A)The individual was exercising at a level beyond their capability and entered into oxygen debt.
B)A smoker has developed emphysema and has decreased lung capacity.
C)The individual has had a stroke in the left hemisphere of their brain.
D)None of the answer choices could cause an individual to shift into an anaerobic state.
E)All of the answer choices are reasons that an individual could shift into an anaerobic state.

Question 67

The only end product of alcoholic fermentation is the alcohol.

Question 68

Which of the following is not a consequence of the lactate that results from fermentation in the muscles?

A)It triggers ongoing heavier breathing to provide further oxygen for the muscles.
B)Much of the lactate is transported to the liver where it is converted to pyruvate.
C)Some lactate converted to pyruvate is converted back to glucose.
D)Some lactate converted to pyruvate is then completely broken down.
E)It is stored in muscle cells for later ATP production.

Question 69

What are the correct outputs,during the citric acid cycle,from one molecule of glucose?

A)6 NADH,4 CO₂,2 ATP,2 FADH₂
B)3 NADH,2 CO₂,ATP,FADH₂
C)2 acetyl - CoA & 2 CO₂
D)6 NADH,2 CO₂,4 ATP,6 FADH₂
E)2 pyruvates,2 NADH,2 ADH,and 4 ATP

Question 70

List,in order,the stages of aerobic cellular respiration and indicate where they occur in the cell.