Deck 5: Cell Division

Question 1

If a cell stops at the G1 checkpoint,this is most likely due to what problem?

A)The DNA has not finished replicating.
B)The chromosomes are not aligned properly.
C)There is DNA damage.
D)The cell is cancerous.
E)There is no problem.The cell normally stops at the G1 checkpoint.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the cell cycle?

A)S-M-G₁-G₂
B)S-M-G₂-G₁
C)S-G₁-G₁-M
D)S-G₂-M-G₁
E)S-G₁-M-G₂

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The only function of apoptosis is to destroy healthy cells when they become damaged or infected.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Growth factors that are transported through the blood play what role in the cell cycle?

A)an internal signal that tells the cell to stop dividing and repair its DNA
B)an internal signal that functions as an executioner
C)an internal signal to tell the cell which stage of the cell cycle to enter next
D)an external signal to tell the cell how long it should spend in each phase of the cell cycle
E)an external signal to tell the cell whether or not to divide

Question 5

Which of the following is not true concerning the checkpoints in the cell cycle?

A)Mitosis stops if chromosomes are not properly aligned.
B)Mitosis will not occur if DNA is damaged or not replicated.
C)If DNA is damaged,apoptosis may occur.
D)The first checkpoint is located in the S phase of interphase.
E)Cyclins must be present at certain stages to advance to the next stage.

Question 6

Upon examination,a cell is found to have twice as much DNA as the normal diploid state but is no longer in the process of replicating the DNA.All of the DNA is found within a single nucleus.Which stage of the cell cycle is this cell in?

A)M phase
B)S phase
C)G1 phase
D)G2 phase
E)cytokinesis

Question 7

Which type of genes,when abnormally activated so that protein is always present and active,can result in cancer?

A)tumor suppressor genes
B)initator caspase genes
C)proto-oncogenes
D)DNA repair protein genes
E)executioner caspase genes

Question 8

Which is NOT a correct association?

A)S stage-DNA synthesis
B)M stage-mitosis and cytokinesis
C)interphase-shortest stage of the cell cycle
D)G₁ stage-cell grows in size and cell organelles increase in number
E)G₂ stage-metabolic preparation for mitosis

Question 9

Which of the following best characterizes apoptosis?

A)Apoptosis is bad for an organism.
B)The stages of apoptosis are different in each cell type.
C)Apoptosis happens accidentally to healthy cells.
D)Apoptosis plays a normal role in development and cancer prevention.
E)Apoptosis results in our going from a fertilized egg to trillions of cells.

Question 10

Technically,mitosis refers to nuclear division and NOT cytoplasmic division.

Question 11

Following a cut or scrape,which process repairs your skin?

A)meiosis
B)meiosis and mitosis
C)mitosis
D)mitosis and apoptosis
E)apoptosis

Question 12

The mitotic stage of cell division consists of

A)DNA synthesis and DNA degradation.
B)mitosis and cytokinesis.
C)duplication and division.
D)cell growth and cell death.
E)meiosis and mitosis.

Question 13

There are two sets of caspases operating during apoptosis.Which of the following statements does not correctly characterize the role of these caspases?

A)One set of caspases are called initators because they receive a signal to activate the second set.
B)One set of capsases are called executioners because they dismantle the cell.
C)Caspases can be unleashed by either internal or external signals.
D)Caspases are normally active during the entire cell cycle.
E)Caspases are responsible for the typical stages a cell goes through during apoptosis.

Question 14

Which of the following proteins would you expect to be a coded for by a proto-oncogene?

A)a growth factor receptor
B)a DNA repair protein
C)a protein involved with the G1 checkpoint
D)a caspase
E)a DNA replication protein

Question 15

During which stage of the cell cycle do the chromosomes duplicate?

A)prophase
B)anaphase
C)interphase
D)telophase
E)mitosis

Question 16

Which of the following is not involved in the regulation of the cell cycle?

A)cyclins
B)internal and external signals
C)growth factors
D)checkpoints
E)caspases

Question 17

During interphase,

A)the cell begins to die.
B)the cell rounds up and detaches from its neighbors.
C)two nuclei split.
D)the cell is at rest.
E)hereditary material duplicates itself.

Question 18

Which of the following descriptions does not occur during apoptosis?

A)cell rounds up
B)cells lose contact with neighbors
C)nucleus fragments
D)DNA is duplicated
E)plasma membrane develops blisters

Question 19

The cell cycle consists of

A)mitosis and interphase.
B)meiosis and interphase.
C)prophase and interphase.
D)metaphase and interphase.
E)changes from a haploid to a diploid state.

Question 20

When does apoptosis occur?

A)during development
B)during interphase
C)during mitosis
D)during meiosis
E)during injury repair

Question 21

Which of the following best describes the role of histones?

A)Histones play a role in coding for hereditary features.
B)Histones make RNA synthesis possible.
C)Histones determine the structure of the chromosome.
D)Histones are not thought to play any role in the cell.
E)Histones determine the diploid number of chromosomes.

Question 22

Which is NOT a correct association?

A)cytokinesis-division of the cytoplasm
B)centromere-point where sister chromatids remain attached
C)haploid-one of each chromosome
D)sister chromatids-two identical chromosome strands still attached at the centromere
E)mitosis-when a cell duplicates and then divides twice to reduce chromosome number by half

Question 23

During what stage of mitosis does the nuclear envelope disappear and the chromosomes become distinct?

A)interphase
B)prophase
C)metaphase
D)anaphase
E)telophase

Question 24

You are looking at chromosome 1 in a human being.Assuming there is no crossing over,what is the source of all the genes on this chromosome?

A)mother
B)father
C)either the mother or father
D)a combination of both mother and father
E)it is impossible to tell given this information

Question 25

Microtubules found in spindle fibers are capable of assembling and disassembling.

Question 26

Which of the following is not true of the chromosomes in a cell undergoing mitosis?

A)They are highly compacted.
B)They are available for RNA synthesis.
C)They have histones bound to them.
D)They are found within the cell nucleus.
E)They are present in the diploid number.

Question 27

Which of the following are genetically identical?

A)both members of a pair of chromosomes
B)sister chromatids
C)the mother's and the father's chromosomes
D)the mother's and her child's chromosomes
E)the father's and his child's chromosomes

Question 28

The overall cell cycle is dramatically different for animals than for plant cells.

Question 29

In humans,the diploid number of chromosomes is

A)20.
B)46.
C)23.
D)variable depending on whether male or female.
E)92.

Question 30

The genes that code for the proteins of the signaling pathway could be classified as

A)proto-oncogenes.
B)caspase genes.
C)DNA repair genes.
D)tumor suppressor genes.
E)cyclin genes.

Question 31

The length of DNA in each chromosome is longer than the diameter of the animal cell.

Question 32

If the total number of chromosomes in a cell is six,then after mitosis there will be

A)six chromosomes in each daughter cell.
B)three chromosomes in each daughter cell.
C)12 chromosomes in each daughter cell.
D)two chromosomes in each daughter cell.
E)three chromosomes in one daughter cell and six chromosomes in the other cell.

Question 33

In which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell?

A)interphase.
B)prophase.
C)metaphase.
D)anaphase.
E)telophase.

Question 34

Chromosomes are attached to the spindle fibers in order to move to and from the equator.

Question 35

The chromatids are held together at a region called the centromere.

Question 36

Which sequence of stages in mitosis is correct?

A)prophase,metaphase,interphase,telophase
B)metaphase,anaphase,prophase,telophase
C)anaphase,interphase,telophase,prophase
D)prophase,metaphase,anaphase,telophase
E)interphase,metaphase,prophase,anaphase

Question 37

If a crayfish has 200 total chromosomes in its body cells (not ovaries or testes),

A)any 100 could have been from its father and any 100 from its mother.
B)they would consist of 100 pairs with one of each pair from the father,one of each pair from the mother.
C)as many as none to 200 came from the father and conversely,from 200 to none would have come from the mother.
D)50 pairs or 100 total would come from the father and 50 pairs from the mother.
E)all 200 come from the mother in a female crayfish,all 200 from the father in a male crayfish.

Question 38

Centrioles are necessary to the process of mitosis in all organisms.

Question 39

During mitosis,separation of the sister chromatids ensures that each daughter cell will receive two copies of each type of chromosome.

Question 40

Eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of

A)DNA.
B)protein.
C)histones.
D)chromatin.
E)RNA.

Question 41

You are examining a cell under the microscope and see what appear to be four sister chromatids bound together and remnants of the nuclear envelope.What stage of meiosis are you looking at?

A)prophase I
B)prophase II
C)metaphase I
D)metaphase II
E)telophase I

Question 42

Replication of the DNA for meiosis occurs between telophase I and prophase II.

Question 43

You are looking at a cell under the microscope,and see what appears to be several "X" structures being pulled to each side of the cell.What stage of meiosis are you looking at?

A)prophase I
B)prophase II
C)metaphase I
D)anaphase I
E)anaphase II

Question 44

During which phases of the cell cycle do the chromosomes look like Xs?

A)prophase,anaphase
B)anaphase,metaphase
C)metaphase,telophase
D)prophase,metaphase
E)anaphase,telophase

Question 45

In plant cells,what is responsible for organizing the spindle?

A)centrosomes
B)centrioles
C)microtubules
D)asters
E)centromeres

Question 46

Homologous chromosomes are genetically identical to each other.

Question 47

Would it be possible to observe crossing-over between sister chromatids? Why or why not?

A)No.Crossing-over is not observable.
B)No.Sister chromatids are not present within the same nucleus.
C)No,since crossing-over does not occur between sister chromatids.
D)Yes.Sister chromatids look different from each other.
E)Yes.One sister chromatid comes from mother and one comes from father.

Question 48

Without considering the variation provided by crossing-over,how much will two siblings from one set of parents vary from each other?

A)All siblings from the same parents are identical to each other and demonstrate traits that are exactly halfway between their parents' traits.
B)Siblings receive 100% of one parent's genes or the other parent's genes so they will either be identical if they receive the same parent's genes,or nothing alike if they receive different parent's genes.
C)Siblings inherit essentially 50% of their genes from each parent,but two sibling offspring may share with each other from zero to 23 chromosomes in common from each parent and therefore vary widely from each other.
D)Siblings inherit copies of the same 23 pair of chromosomes from each parent and only crossing-over provides any differences between siblings.
E)There is one chance in 23 of getting identical sets of chromosomes from one parent,times two because there are two parents; therefore two siblings out of 46 will be identical except for the extent of crossing-over.

Question 49

Meiosis results in a change in chromosome number indicated by

A)2n to 2n.
B)2n to n.
C)n to 2n.
D)n to n.
E)2n to 2n in diploid organisms,n to n in haploid.

Question 50

We presume that meiosis evolved later than mitosis.What process would not have to evolve in cells undergoing meiosis in order to make this transition?

A)Homologous chromosomes would have to pair up.
B)An additional division would have to occur,but without a second DNA replication.
C)Sister chromosomes do not separate at first anaphase; centromeres hold until second division.
D)a method of lining up single chromosomes along the metaphase plate
E)fertilization processes to restore the diploid number in an organism

Question 51

An organism has 8 pairs of chromosomes.If the sperm and egg did not undergo meiosis,how many chromosomes would be present in a cell that resulted from the fusion of a sperm and egg?

A)8
B)16
C)24
D)32
E)64

Question 52

What forms the contractile ring in animal cells?

A)membrane vesicles
B)actin filaments
C)cellulose fibrils
D)cell wall
E)histones

Question 53

The nuclear membrane reappears in mitosis during

A)interphase.
B)prophase.
C)metaphase.
D)anaphase.
E)telophase.

Question 54

During crossing-over,

A)chromosomes switch poles.
B)mitosis becomes meiosis.
C)chromatin becomes chromosomes.
D)chromosomes become chromatin.
E)chromatids exchange segments of genetic material.

Question 55

During what stage of meiosis do sister chromatids separate from each other?

A)prophase
B)anaphase I
C)anaphase II
D)metaphase I
E)metaphase II

Question 56

During what stage do homologous chromosomes separate from each other?

A)prophase
B)anaphase I
C)anaphase II
D)metaphase I
E)metaphase II

Question 57

You are examining a cell under the microscope that is undergoing cell division and cannot find any asters.What else would not be present in this cell?

A)a cell plate
B)centrosomes
C)a spindle
D)a cleavage furrow
E)chromosomes

Question 58

Synapsis occurs during what stage of meiosis?

A)anaphase I
B)telophase II
C)metaphase II
D)prophase I
E)anaphase II

Question 59

If the diploid chromosome number is 16,the chromosome number of each gamete will be

A)4.
B)8.
C)12.
D)16.
E)32.

Question 60

How does cell division differ between animal and plant cells?

A)Animal cells lack centrioles and no spindle forms during cell division.
B)Plant cells form a cleavage furrow or indentation of membrane between new daughter cells.
C)Plant cells resort to binary fission.
D)The cell plate is the final partitioning of plant cells.
E)There is no difference.Plant cells and animal cells undergo the same cellular processes during mitosis.

Question 61

The second meiotic division is essentially a mitotic division except for the fact that the cells produced are

A)haploid.
B)diploid.
C)polyploid.
D)autosomal.
E)somatic.

Question 62

What lines up at the metaphase plate during metaphase II of meiosis and metaphase of mitosis?

A)each chromosome composed of two sister chromatids at both
B)homologous chromosomes at both
C)each chromosome composed of two sister chromatids for meiosis,each chromosome composed of one sister chromatid for mitosis
D)homologous chromosomes for meiosis,each chromosome composed of two sister chromatids for mitosis
E)each chromosome composed of two sister chromatids for meiosis,homologous chromosomes for mitosis

Question 63

Indicate the portions of the cell cycle that contain checkpoints and what the checkpoint controls.

Question 64

Which of the following is not a reason why two children born to the same parents (not identical twins)are unlikely to have the same genetic makeup?

A)Crossing-over recombines portions of sister chromatids.
B)Fertilization provides a new pairing of chromosomes.
C)Each sperm or egg has a random assortment of chromosomes,half from each pair.
D)Chromosomes align themselves independently during meiosis I.
E)Since they are produced at different times,all sperm will be genetically different from all other sperm.

Question 65

The formation of sperm gametes is termed

A)oogenesis.
B)homologous formation.
C)spermatogenesis.
D)meiosis.
E)mitosis.

Question 66

List in order the stages of the cell cycle.

Question 67

The only haploid stage in the animal life cycle is the gamete.

Question 68

Describe the checkpoints for the cell cycle.

Question 69

Crossing-over is the only factor that is responsible for the variation that exists between offspring of one set of parents.

Question 70

What is the difference between the chromosomes in a secondary spermatocyte and those in a spermatid?

A)the chromosomes in secondary spermatocytes consist of two chromatids,the ones in the spermatid consist of only one chromatid
B)the chromosomes in a secondary spermatocyte consist of homologous chromosomes,the ones in the spermatid consist of two chromatids
C)the chromosomes in the secondary spermatocyte consist of one chromatid,the ones in the spermatid consist of two chromatids
D)the secondary spermatocyte is diploid,the spermatid is haploid
E)the secondary spermatocyte is haploid,the spermatid is diploid

Question 71

Mitotic division is the normal process of cell reproduction to build and maintain the body of an organism,while meiosis takes place only in the formation of gametes for reproduction.

Question 72

Which of the following statements is NOT true about oogenesis in humans?

A)It occurs in the ovary.
B)The egg will contain 23 chromosomes.
C)Four equal size daughter cells will form.
D)At least two nonfunctional polar bodies will form.
E)Once started,it will not necessarily go to completion.

Question 73

Which of the following events would be controlled by an external signal?

A)cell division
B)Prophase proceeds into metaphase.
C)The chromosomes align at the equatorial plane before the cell begins anaphase.
D)All of the DNA is copied before the cell enters into the G₂ phase.
E)All of the answer choices are controlled by an external signal.

Question 74

It is the secondary oocyte and not the egg that the sperm fertilizes to form a diploid organism.

Question 75

What lines up at the metaphase plate during both metaphase I of meiosis and metaphase of mitosis?

A)each chromosome is composed of two sister chromatids at both
B)homologous chromosomes at both
C)each chromosome composed of two sister chromatids for meiosis,each chromosome is composed of one sister chromatid for mitosis
D)homologous chromosomes for meiosis,each chromosome is composed of two sister chromatids for mitosis
E)each chromosome is composed of two sister chromatids for meiosis,homologous chromosomes for mitosis

Question 76

During which phase will homologous chromosomes separate?

A)anaphase I
B)anaphase II
C)prophase
D)anaphase
E)metaphase I

Question 77

A basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that in oogenesis

A)four functional eggs are produced.
B)mitosis instead of meiosis occurs.
C)both sperm and egg are produced.
D)one functional egg is produced.
E)the chromosome number is not divided in half.

Question 78

What is a potential outcome if one of your father's gametes did not go through meiosis correctly and one of the chromosomes did not separate correctly?

A)You inherited a normal amount of genetic material from your mother but inherited an extra chromosome from your father.One of your pairs of chromosomes will not be homologous.
B)You inherited an abnormal amount of genetic material from both your mother and father.One of your pairs of chromosomes will not be homologous.
C)You inherited a normal amount of genetic material from your mother but inherited an extra chromosome from your father.Two of your pairs of chromosomes will not be homologous.
D)You inherited a normal amount of genetic material from both your mother and father resulting in the inheritance of a normal amount of genetic material.
E)You inherited multiple genetic abnormalities,due to the faulty chromosomes from your father,resulting in a significant number of health issues.