Deck 3: Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

Which nuclear structure(s)contain(s)the hereditary material?

A)nuclear envelope
B)chloroplasts
C)chromatin
D)nucleoplasm
E)mitochondria

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Surface-area-to-volume ratios indicate

A)cells must exceed a certain minimum size.
B)as cells get larger,their surface area actually decreases.
C)that the largest cells have a less proportionate need for food intake and waste removal.
D)a chicken egg is one cell thus demonstrating the upper limit for metabolizing cell size.
E)as cells get larger,their surface area gets larger but at a slower rate than the volume increases.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Considering that minute differences in organelle structure are enough to provide selective toxicity,which of the following cell organelles would be a good target for an antibiotic so it doesn't attack your cells?

A)plasma membrane
B)DNA
C)ribosomes
D)cytoplasm
E)endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Ribosomal RNA is produced in the

A)nucleolus.
B)Golgi apparatus.
C)ribosomes.
D)rough endoplasmic reticulum.
E)smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 5

The cell theory states

A)all organisms are composed of only one cell.
B)organelles are the basic living unit of structure and function of organisms.
C)all cells come only from other cells.
D)all organisms are composed of only one cell AND organelles are the basic living unit of structure and function of organisms.
E)all multicellular organisms are unicellular at some point in their life cycle.

Question 6

Which structure regulates passage of molecules into and out of the bacterial cell?

A)plasma membrane
B)nucleus
C)mitochondria
D)chloroplast
E)flagella

Question 7

Which eukaryotic organelle is the largest?

A)ribosome
B)nucleus
C)cytoskeleton
D)mitochondria
E)Golgi apparatus

Question 8

Which of the following is a prokaryotic cell?

A)plant cell
B)liver cell
C)muscle cell
D)paramecium
E)bacterium

Question 9

According to cell theory

A)all organisms are composed of tissues.
B)the smallest unit of life is a nucleus.
C)animals but not plants are composed of cells.
D)a multicellular organism is composed of many cells.
E)new cells arise only from preexisting cells.

Question 10

What evidence would not suggest that the fluid in the nucleus is different from the cytoplasm?

A)There is a pH difference between the two fluids.
B)The nuclear membrane encloses the nucleoplasm.
C)Nuclear pores only permit passage of certain molecules into and out of the nucleus.
D)Cytoplasm and nucleoplasm both flow freely into and out of the nucleus.
E)Electron microscopy reveals nonmembranous components associated with the nuclear pores.

Question 11

The body of a slime mold that flows over a rotten log appears to lack any partitioning into distinct cells; however it does become cellular when it changes form and produces spores.The surfaces of parasitic flatworms and some insect tissues are "syncytial" layers of living material that developed from a single cell but now contains many nuclei but lack partitioning by cell membranes.These tissues actively consume food and produce wastes.Considering that the cell theory states that "all living things are composed of cells," then

A)these tissues are not living because they violate the cell theory.
B)this proves some vital force is involved beyond normal cell structures in order to give life to living organisms.
C)these tissues are obviously a bridge between nonliving and primitive living cells.
D)the general concept of life-is-cellular still holds since sometime in their life these organisms still utilize cells,but this shows cell membranes can be abandoned.
E)this demonstrates that cell membranes are a necessity to be classified as a living cell.

Question 12

A researcher samples the waters of the boiling hot springs in Yellowstone National Park.Under the microscope,she observes what appear to be living cells in the water.If these indeed are living cells,what type of cell would they most likely be?

A)eukaryotic,animal
B)eukaryotic,plant
C)eukaryotic,fungi
D)prokaryotic,archaea
E)prokaryotic,bacteria

Question 13

The nucleolus

A)contains RNA and is found in the nucleus.
B)contains DNA and is found in the nucleus.
C)contains RNA and is found in the cytoplasm.
D)contains DNA and is found in the cytoplasm.
E)contains ribosome subunits and is found in the cytoplasm.

Question 14

In moving from the outside environment to the inside of a bacterium,the first layer encountered would be

A)the nucleus.
B)the capsule.
C)the cell wall.
D)the cell membrane.
E)the DNA.

Question 15

An agent would make a good antibiotic if it affected a structure or process only found in bacterial cells and not in our (eukaryotic)cells.Which of the following actions would theoretically make a good antibiotic?

A)prevents repair of the peptidoglycan cell wall
B)damages the nuclear membrane
C)damages DNA
D)prevents ribosomes from producing proteins
E)stops cellular respiration

Question 16

Compared with a eukaryotic cell,a prokaryotic cell

A)lacks organelles beyond ribosomes.
B)is larger.
C)does not require energy.
D)is not living.
E)has no method of movement.

Question 17

Which of the following structures are NOT found in the cytoplasm?

A)mitochondria
B)chloroplast
C)chromosomes
D)nucleus
E)lysosome

Question 18

Circulating red blood cells in your body do not contain a nucleus and other organelles.Are these cells living?

A)Yes,because they are actively metabolizing and once contained organelles.
B)Yes,because they are capable of moving throughout the body in the circulation.
C)No,because they do not contain a nucleus,they cannot be living.
D)No,because red blood cells do not actively metabolize.
E)No,because they are now only part of a once living cell.

Question 19

Within eukaryotic cells,the ____ is surrounded by a double membrane and carries the coding that determines protein synthesis.

A)smooth endoplasmic reticulum
B)chloroplast
C)nucleolus
D)nucleus
E)rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 20

Which of the following is not true concerning the cell theory?

A)Virchow asserted that all cells come from preexisting cells.
B)Schleiden determined that all plants are made of cells.
C)Schwann researched animal tissues and discovered that they were all made of cells.
D)Hooke observed the cells of cork.
E)Leeuwenhoek first used the term "cells."

Question 21

Both plant and animal cells have mitochondria because they both

A)carry on photosynthesis.
B)have a large central vacuole.
C)have endoplasmic reticulum.
D)need ATP for energy.
E)have lysosomal hydrolytic enzymes.

Question 22

The Golgi apparatus directs its protein products to the correct location in the cell based on

A)the specific molecule that is added and the molecule determines the destination in or out of the cell.
B)the DNA extending its long molecular helix to direct the protein through the Golgi apparatus and on to the final destination.
C)vesicles that constantly shuttle back and forth from the various cell destinations and these vesicles determine which protein in the Golgi apparatus to pick up and deliver.
D)proteins drifting away in all directions and are only used at the cell sites that need them.
E)how long it takes the vesicle to travel from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi.

Question 23

Which of the following would not be a function of the peroxisomes?

A)break down fats in the liver
B)produce bile salts in the liver
C)help germinating seeds convert fatty acids into molecules that can be converted to sugars
D)store toxic materials in the cell
E)metabolism that uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide in leaves

Question 24

Which of the following would be a way of finishing this hypothesis about the function of the Golgi apparatus? If the Golgi apparatus is involved in packaging products for secretion,then

A)vesicles must travel from the Golgi to the cell surface.
B)vesicles must travel from the rough ER and smooth ER to the Golgi apparatus.
C)the Golgi apparatus must be part of the endomembrane system.
D)the Golgi apparatus must consist of 3 to 20 slightly curved sacs.
E)the Golgi apparatus would contain proteins.

Question 25

Tissues that produce large amounts of secretions,such as the gastric glands of the stomach,contain cells with large numbers of

A)lysosomes.
B)nucleoli.
C)centrioles.
D)mitochondria.
E)Golgi apparati.

Question 26

Since all organisms carry on cellular respiration,all living cells must contain mitochondria.

Question 27

Each time water in a cell freezes slowly,long sharp crystals spear through the membrane structures of the cell.The most reasonable explanation for the bad taste of meat that has "freezer burn" from repeated freezing is the destruction of

A)the nuclear membrane,causing mixing of nucleoplasm and cytoplasm.
B)ribosomes,causing them to break into subunits.
C)The breakage of the lysosomes would result in the release of digestive enzymes which would self-digest and,therefore,alter the taste of the meat.None of the other organelles would destroy the cells of alter the taste.
D)rough endoplasmic reticulum causing the release of ribosomes.
E)the Golgi apparatus and vesicles.

Question 28

What evidence suggests that proteins are synthesized and modified in the rough ER as opposed to the smooth ER?

A)Ribosomes are associated with the surface of the rough ER.
B)Ribosomes are associated with the surface of the smooth ER.
C)The smooth ER functions in the synthesis of phospholipids.
D)The smooth ER functions in the synthesis of phospholipids.
E)Smooth ER is continuous with rough ER.

Question 29

The "powerhouse" of the cell is the

A)chloroplast.
B)mitochondria.
C)Golgi apparatus.
D)ribosome.
E)centriole.

Question 30

The ____ will store pigments and toxins in plant cells.

A)chloroplast
B)lysosomes
C)peroxisomes
D)vacuole
E)mitochondria

Question 31

When a lysosome fuses with a vacuole,

A)they both disappear.
B)they both return to the Golgi apparatus.
C)protein synthesis begins.
D)division begins.
E)its contents are digested.

Question 32

Proteins are processed and modified in the interior of the

A)mitochondria.
B)nucleus.
C)chloroplasts.
D)rough endoplasmic reticulum.
E)smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 33

Cellular respiration is best associated with the

A)Golgi apparatus.
B)ribosome.
C)mitochondrion.
D)chloroplast.
E)microtubule.

Question 34

Which organelle primarily functions to package or regulate the production of H₂O₂?

A)lysosome
B)vacuole
C)Golgi apparatus
D)endoplasmic reticulum
E)peroxisome

Question 35

Which cellular structure is responsible for packaging materials with the cell?

A)mitochondria
B)chloroplasts
C)Golgi apparatus
D)ribosomes
E)lysosomes

Question 36

Ribosomes are composed of

A)DNA and RNA.
B)DNA and protein.
C)only protein.
D)RNA and protein.
E)only DNA.

Question 37

The failure of which organelle during development can result in a child being born with webbed toes?

A)lysosomes
B)peroxisomes
C)vacuoles
D)rough ER
E)Golgi apparati

Question 38

If a cell lacked ribosomes,it would NOT be able to

A)form a spindle apparatus.
B)synthesize proteins.
C)respire.
D)hydrolyze fat.
E)form a Golgi vesicle.

Question 39

If an active cell produces an important protein for secretion,what is the correct sequence of organelles that are involved in the production of the protein?

A)endoplasmic reticulum-to-ribosomes-to-Golgi apparatus
B)ribosomes-to-endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi apparatus
C)endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi apparatus-to-ribosomes
D)Golgi apparatus-to-endoplasmic reticulum-to-ribosomes
E)ribosomes-to-Golgi apparatus-to-endoplasmic reticulum

Question 40

Tay-Sachs is a serious childhood metabolic disorder where ____ fail to digest certain lipids.

A)lysosomes
B)nucleoli
C)mitochondria
D)Golgi apparati
E)centrioles

Question 41

Since cyanobacteria do not contain chloroplasts and yet they photosynthesize,chloroplasts are not required for photosynthesis.

Question 42

When viewed through a microscope,one characteristic of living cells is that their internal structures move.What organelles are most directly responsible for this motion we see?

A)cell membrane and nucleus
B)ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum
C)centrioles and cell wall
D)mitochondria and cytoskeleton
E)chloroplasts and lysosomes

Question 43

Mitochondria are bounded by a double membrane.The inner-filled space is called the matrix,which contains ______________ that break down carbohydrate products,releasing _______________ to be used for ATP production.

A)DNA/energy
B)ribosomes/carbon dioxide
C)RNA/energy
D)enzymes/energy

Question 44

Which of these is present in plant,but not animal,cells?

A)nucleus
B)centrioles
C)cell membrane
D)Golgi apparatus
E)chloroplasts

Question 45

In a person with a mitochondrial disease in which the mitochondria do not produce enough energy for the cell,which organs would most likely be affected?

A)muscles
B)liver
C)skin
D)stomach
E)ovaries/testes

Question 46

In plants,chloroplasts are necessary for

A)respiration.
B)secretion.
C)photosynthesis.
D)storage.
E)cell movement.

Question 47

In a certain group of people,males are more subject to respiratory infections and are sterile.The most likely explanation for this disease is malfunctioning

A)lysosomes.
B)intermediate filaments.
C)actin filaments.
D)rough endoplasmic reticulum.
E)cilia and flagella.

Question 48

Which organelle has a 9 + 0 pattern of microtubules?

A)cilia
B)flagella
C)centriole
D)kinesin
E)mitochondria

Question 49

Centrioles

A)consist of a 9 + 2 pattern.
B)are composed of microtubule triplets.
C)carry on cellular respiration.
D)are found in plant cells.
E)are composed of actin.

Question 50

Microtubules

A)are composed mostly of lipid.
B)form a spindle that distributes chromosomes in an orderly manner.
C)may be associated with metabolism.
D)are found in the nucleus.
E)are composed of actin.

Question 51

Which of these is mismatched?

A)cilia-microtubules
B)centrioles-spindle
C)mitochondria-stroma
D)lysosomes-hydrolytic enzymes
E)ribosomes-RNA

Question 52

Which of the following would be considered evidence that chloroplasts are involved in photosynthesis?

A)Isolated chloroplasts give off oxygen when exposed to sunlight.
B)Plants that are green contain chloroplasts.
C)Both plants and algae have chloroplasts.
D)Plants have both chloroplasts and mitochondria.
E)Chloroplasts contain thylakoids which are stacked in structures called grana.

Question 53

Thylakoids and cristae are,respectively,structures of

A)lysosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum.
B)the nucleus and nucleolus.
C)chloroplasts and mitochondria.
D)mitochondria and chloroplasts.
E)the cell wall and the plasma membrane.

Question 54

If cells were moved to a low-gravity environment,such as in space exploration,a change would most likely be expected in the

A)nucleus and the genetic process.
B)chloroplast and energy capture.
C)cytoskeleton.
D)vacuoles and lysosomes.
E)mitochondrion and energy release.

Question 55

Which is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

A)maintains a cell's shape
B)anchors organelles in place within a cell
C)allows cell and its organelles to move
D)secretes the calcium for bone tissue
E)allows the formation of pseudopodia

Question 56

Which organelle will give off oxygen and use up carbon dioxide in plants?

A)Golgi apparatus
B)rough endoplasmic reticulum
C)lysosome
D)mitochondrium
E)chloroplast

Question 57

Kinesin and dynein are associated with

A)microtubules.
B)actin filaments.
C)Golgi apparatus.
D)intermediate filaments.
E)endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 58

Which organelle will use up oxygen and give off carbon dioxide and water?

A)lysosomes
B)Golgi apparatus
C)mitochondria
D)chloroplasts
E)endoplasmic reticulum

Question 59

Which organelle has 13 rows of tubulin dimers around an empty central core?

A)flagella
B)microtubules
C)actin filaments
D)intermediate filaments
E)cilia

Question 60

During photosynthesis,solar energy is converted to chemical energy by the chloroplasts.The process is represented by

A)carbohydrate + oxygen $\rightarrow$ carbon dioxide + water + energy
B)carbohydrate + carbon dioxide $\rightarrow$ oxygen + water + energy
C)solar energy + oxygen + water $\rightarrow$ carbohydrate + oxygen
D)solar energy + carbon dioxide + water $\rightarrow$ carbohydrate + oxygen
E)solar energy $\rightarrow$ carbohydrate + oxygen

Question 61

Which type of cells will have modifications that increase the surface-area-to-volume ratio?

A)cells that specialize in absorption
B)cells that specialize in gas exchange
C)cells that secrete proteins
D)cells that secrete lipids
E)cells that form a waterproof barrier

Question 62

Because plants evolved from bacterial ancestors,the primary plant cell wall and the bacterial cell wall are both composed of peptidoglycan.

Question 63

List the key differences between archaea and bacteria.

Question 64

Because mitochondria were once independently living prokaryotic cells,if removed from a eukaryotic cell they can survive independently.

Question 65

If the mitochondrion is the result of endosymbiosis,what membrane of the mitochondrion represents the engulfing vesicle?

A)the outer mitochondrial membrane
B)vacuole
C)crista
D)thylakoid membrane
E)granum

Question 66

Actin filaments,intermediate filaments,and microtubules are all similar in that each is composed of a single type of protein.

Question 67

Compare the structural differences between actin filaments,intermediate filaments,and microtubules.

Question 68

Which of the following cells were most likely the first type of cells on Earth?

A)bacteria
B)fungi
C)archaea
D)plants
E)animals

Question 69

Explain how the nuclear envelope of eukaryotic cells could have arisen.

Question 70

Which of the following events would increase the cell's ability to exchange materials across the membrane?

A)multiple cellular divisions that restore the amount of surface area
B)the growth of microvilli on the cell membrane
C)specialization in absorption
D)All of the answer choices would increase the cell's ability to exchange materials across the membrane.
E)None of the answer choices would increase the cell's ability to exchange materials across the membrane.

Question 71

The motor molecules associated with actin filaments are called

A)centrosomes.
B)centrioles.
C)dynein.
D)myosin.
E)kinesin.

Question 72

All of the following are possible origins of cell organelles in eukaryotes EXCEPT

A)invagination of the plasma membrane to form endoplasmic reticulum.
B)incorporation of engulfed heterotrophic bacteria to form mitochondria.
C)incorporation of engulfed autotrophic cyanobacteria to form chloroplasts.
D)a symbiotic relationship between a host cell and a prokaryote that was taken up but not destroyed.
E)groups of prokaryotic cells begin to live in a small group,sharing products of metabolism.

Question 73

Which is NOT a correct association of cell organelles and their structure?

A)cell wall-cellulose fibers and lignin
B)centriole-microtubules
C)endoplasmic reticulum-concentrated chromatin,RNA,and nucleoli
D)plasma membrane-two layers of phospholipids with embedded proteins
E)ribosome-RNA and protein in two subunits

Question 74

Since plant cells do not have centrioles,they are not required for all organisms to conduct mitosis and meiosis.

Question 75

Which is NOT a correct association of cell organelles and function?

A)lysosome-intracellular digestion
B)mitochondrion-cell respiration
C)ribosome-production of proteins
D)cell wall-regulate molecule passage in and out of animal cells
E)vacuole-storage of chemicals

Question 76

According to the endosymbiotic theory,eukaryotes became the mitochondria and chloroplasts found in prokaryotic cells.

Question 77

If the chloroplast is the result of endosymbiosis,what membrane of the chloroplast represents the plasma membrane of the original prokaryote?

A)the outer chloroplast membrane
B)the inner chloroplast membrane
C)crista
D)thylakoid membrane
E)granum