Deck 12: Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons

Question 1

A molecule containing a carbon atom bonded to four chlorine atoms has the shape of a

A)triangle.
B)rhombus.
C)square.
D)cube.
E)tetrahedron.

Answer 1

tetrahedron.

Question 2

Organic chemistry is the study of the chemistry of compounds of

A)oxygen.
B)hydrogen.
C)living things.
D)polymers.
E)carbon.

Answer 2

carbon.

Question 3

VSEPR theory predicts that simple carbon compounds will form bonds that are

A)as far apart as possible.
B)as close together as possible.
C)arranged in a straight line.
D)pointed to the corners of a cube.
E)pointed to the corners of a triangle.

Answer 3

as far apart as possible.

Question 4

A hydrocarbon contains only the elements

A)hydrogen and oxygen.
B)carbon and oxygen.
C)carbon and hydrogen.
D)carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
E)carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen.

Question 5

How does a molecule of a vitamin synthesized in the laboratory behave when compared to the behavior of the same vitamin isolated from a natural source (e.g., vitamin C synthesized, compared to vitamin C from rose hips)?

A)identical in every way
B)usually identical
C)Some effects are the same.
D)Few effects are the same.
E)The natural vitamin is better.

Question 6

In a condensed structural formula, each carbon atom is

A)shown with all individual atoms and bonds drawn.
B)shown with only the other carbon atoms.
C)grouped with its bonded hydrogen atoms.
D)not explicitly shown.
E)written in lowercase letters.

Question 7

A formula that shows the arrangement of all bonds in a molecule is called a(n)

A)molecular formula.
B)complete structural formula.
C)condensed structural formula.
D)condensed molecular formula.
E)isomeric formula.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT typical of most organic compounds?

A)high melting point
B)poor solubility in water
C)low boiling point
D)covalent bonding
E)high flammability

Question 9

In the three-dimensional structure of methane, CH₄ , the hydrogen atoms attached to a carbon atom are aligned

A)in a straight line.
B)at the corners of a square.
C)at the corners of a tetrahedron.
D)at the corners of a rectangle.
E)at the corners of a cube.

Question 10

Generally, a solution of an organic compound in water will be electrically

A)highly conductive.
B)highly ionized.
C)nonconductive.
D)insulated.
E)charged.

Question 11

In a molecule with a symmetrical arrangement of polar bonds, the overall molecule is

A)highly polar.
B)somewhat polar.
C)nonpolar.
D)reverse polar.
E)strongly reverse polar.

Question 12

As carbon bonds with atoms of increasingly higher electronegativities, the polarity of the bond

A)decreases.
B)increases.
C)stays the same.
D)reverses.
E)becomes inverted.

Question 13

Which one of the following is NOT an organic substance?

A)an antibiotic
B)nylon
C)coal
D)silk
E)salt, sodium chloride

Question 14

Carbon tetrachloride has a polar C-Cl bond. What is the overall polarity of the carbon tetrachloride molecule?

A)weakly polar
B)strongly polar
C)reversed polarity
D)nonpolar
E)inverse polarity

Question 15

The bond angles of tetravalent carbon are all approximately

A)90°.
B)109°.
C)60°.
D)100°.
E)45°.

Question 16

Which of these formulas is the expanded structural formula for an alkane with three carbon atoms?

A)C3H6
B)C3H8
C)CH₃
-CH2-CH₃
D)C - C - C
E) H H H
| | |
H - C - C - C - H
| | |
H H H

Question 17

An organic compound composed of carbon and hydrogen connected only by single bonds is an

A)alkane.
B)alkene.
C)alkyne.
D)aromatic compound.
E)alcohol.

Question 18

How many valence electrons does carbon have?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
E)five

Question 19

Carbon atoms always have how many covalent bonds?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
E)five

Question 20

What is the condensed structural formula for an alkane with four carbon atoms?

A)CH₃
-CH=CH-CH₃
B)CH₃
-CH2-CH2-CH₃
C)C₄
H10
D)C - C - C - C
E) H H H H
| | | |
H - C - C - C - C - H
| | | |
H H H H

Question 21

What is the name of this compound?

A)ethane
B)propane
C)butane
D)pentane
E)hexane

Question 22

What is the name of this compound? CH₃ - CH2- CH2- CH2- CH2- CH2- CH₃

A)hexane
B)heptane
C)octane
D)butane
E)pentane

Question 23

What is the IUPAC name for the following? CH₃ │ CH2-CH2-CH2-CH₃

A)1-methylbutane
B)4-methylbutane
C)pentane
D)butane
E)hexane

Question 24

Which of the following pairs of compounds are structural isomers?

A) Cl Cl
| |
CH₃
C HCH2 CH₃
And CH₃
CH2 C HCH₃
B)ClCH2CH2CH2CH₃
And CH₃
CH2CH2CH2Cl
C)CH₃
CHCH₃
And CH₃
CHCH2Cl
| |
CH2Cl CH₃
D) Cl
|
CH₃
CHCH₃
And CH₃
C CH₃
| |
CH2Cl CH₃
E)

Question 25

What is the IUPAC name for Cl-CH2 -CH2 - CH2-Cl?

A)1,3-dichloropropane
B)1,1-dichloropropane
C)dichloropropane
D)1,3-dichlorobutane
E)propane dichloride

Question 26

What is the name for a five-carbon continuous-chain alkane?

A)methane
B)ethane
C)propane
D)butane
E)pentane

Question 27

What is the IUPAC name for the following? CH₃ ∣ CH₃ -CH2-CH2-CH- CH2-CH₃

A)4-methylhexane
B)3-methylhexane
C)heptane
D)methylhexane
E)2-methylhexane

Question 28

What is the mame for a six-carbon continuous-chain alkane?

A)hexane
B)heptane
C)octane
D)nonane
E)decane

Question 29

What is the name for a seven-carbon continuous-chain alkane?

A)hexane
B)heptane
C)octane
D)nonane
E)decane

Question 30

What is the name for a ten-carbon continuous-chain alkane?

A)hexane
B)heptane
C)octane
D)nonane
E)decane

Question 31

What is the name of this compound? CH₃ - CH2- CH2- CH2- CH₃

A)pentane
B)hexane
C)heptane
D)octane
E)methylbutane

Question 32

The IUPAC name for CH₃ -Cl is

A)methyl chloride.
B)chloromethane.
C)methanechlorine.
D)chloroethane.
E)methane chloride.

Question 33

What is the name for a nine-carbon continuous-chain alkane?

A)hexane
B)heptane
C)octane
D)nonane
E)decane

Question 34

What is the IUPAC name for the following?

A)1-chlorobutane
B)2-chlorobutane
C)3-chlorobutane
D)2-chloropropane
E)chlorobutane

Question 35

What is the name of the continuous chain alkane with six carbon atoms?

A)butane
B)pentane
C)hexane
D)heptane
E)octane

Question 36

What is the name of CH₃ - CH2- CH2- CH₃ ?

A)ethane
B)propane
C)butane
D)pentane
E)hexane

Question 37

What is the name of this compound?

A)cyclopentane
B)cyclohexane
C)cycloheptane
D)cyclooctane
E)hexane

Question 38

What is the name for an eight-carbon continuous-chain alkane?

A)hexane
B)heptane
C)octane
D)nonane
E)decane

Question 39

What is the name of this compound?

A)cyclopentane
B)cyclohexane
C)cycloheptane
D)cyclooctane
E)pentane

Question 40

What is the name for a four-carbon continuous-chain alkane?

A)methane
B)ethane
C)propane
D)butane
E)pentane

Question 41

What is the IUPAC name for this alkane?

A)2-ethyl-3-methylpentane
B)4-ethyl-3-methylpentane
C)3, 4-dimethylhexane
D)2, 3-diethylbutane
E)octane

Question 42

Which of the following compounds could have the molecular formula C7H16?

A)hexane
B)pentane
C)2-methylheptane
D)2,3-dimethylpentane
E)3-ethylhexane

Question 43

Which of the following is true of nonane, C9H20, which has a density of 0.79 g/mL, melts at -51 °C, and boils at 157 °C?

A)Nonane is soluble in water.
B)Nonane is a gas at room temperature.
C)Nonane is a solid at room temperature.
D)Nonane does not undergo combustion.
E)Nonane floats on the surface of water.

Question 44

What is the name of the alkyl group CH₃ -CH₂-CH₂-?

A)propane
B)methyl
C)ethane
D)ethyl
E)propyl

Question 45

According to the IUPAC convention, alkyl group names should be located ________ of the name of the main chain.

A)in front
B)at the end
C)in the middle

Question 46

What is the name of this compound?

A)1,1-dichlorobutane
B)1,2,-dichlorobutane
C)1,3-dichlorobutane
D)1,4-dichlorobutane
E)dichlorobutane

Question 47

In the equation for the combustion of pentane, the coefficient of carbon dioxide is

A)one
B)two.
C)three.
D)four.
E)five.

Question 48

According to the IUPAC convention, alkyl substituents on a hydrocarbon chain should be listed in which order?

A)alphabetical including prefixes
B)alphabetical without considering prefixes
C)in order with the substituent having the highest number of carbons first
D)in order with the substituent having the lowest number of carbons first
E)in order with the substituent having the highest total number of carbons first

Question 49

What is the name for a three-carbon alkyl group?

A)methyl
B)ethyl
C)propyl
D)butyl
E)pentyl

Question 50

Organic compounds that are poorly soluble in water behave that way because they are

A)highly polar.
B)moderately polar.
C)covalently bonded.
D)generally nonpolar.
E)ionically bonded.

Question 51

What is the name of ?

A)pentane
B)methylpentane
C)2-methylpentane
D)4-methylpentane
E)hexane

Question 52

What is the name for the following?

A)hexane
B)dimethylbutane
C)3,3-dimethylbutane
D)2,2-dimethylbutane
E)2-dimethylbutane

Question 53

What is the name for a one-carbon alkyl substituent?

A)methyl
B)ethyl
C)propyl
D)butyl
E)pentyl

Question 54

What is the IUPAC name for the following?

A)1,2-dichloro-3-methylpentane
B)1,2-dichloro-3-methylcyclopentane
C)1-methyl-2,3-dichlorocyclopentane
D)3-methyl-1,2-dichlorocyclopentane
E)1,2-dichloro-3-methylcyclobutane

Question 55

According to the IUPAC convention for chemical naming, which part of a hydrocarbon is selected as the main chain for a hydrocarbon chain?

A)the most highly branched chain
B)the shortest chain
C)the longest chain drawn in a straight line
D)the longest continuous chain, regardless of bends
E)the chain with the most substituted carbons in it

Question 56

What is the IUPAC name of this alkane?

A)4-ethyl-2,2-dimethylpentane
B)2-ethyl-4,4-dimethylpentane
C)2,2,4-trimethylhexane
D)2-ethyl-2,2-dimethylpentane
E)3,5,5-trimethylhexane

Question 57

When drawing a structural formula, the first step is to draw

A)the substituents.
B)the most highly substituted carbons.
C)the saturated carbons.
D)the main carbon chain.
E)the functional group.

Question 58

What is the name for this three-carbon alkyl group? CH₃ - CH - CH₃ |

A)n-propyl
B)iso-propyl
C)butyl
D)iso-butyl
E)ethyl

Question 59

What is the name for a two-carbon alkyl group?

A)methyl
B)ethyl
C)propyl
D)butyl
E)pentyl

Question 60

The reaction for the combustion of heptane is C7H16 + 11O2 → 7CO2 + 8H2O. How many liters of CO2 at STP are produced from the complete combustion of 2.00 moles of heptane?

A)44.8 L
B)22.4 L
C)157 L
D)246 L
E)314 L

Question 61

What is the condensed structural formula for the compound 3-hexene?

A) CH₃
|
CH₃
-CH2-C H-CH2-CH₃
B)CH2 = CH-CH2 -CH2 -CH2 -CH₃
C)CH₃
-CH2-CH = CH-CH2-CH₃
D)CH₃
-CH2-CH2-CH = CH-CH₃
E)CH₃
-CH = CH-CH2-CH2-CH₃

Question 62

Hydrocarbons are the primary constituents of

A)drugs.
B)food flavors.
C)fossil fuels.
D)fruit juices.
E)disinfectants.

Question 63

The carbon atoms in saturated hydrocarbons

A)have only single bonds.
B)contain at least one double bond.
C)contain at least one triple bond.
D)contain a benzene ring.
E)contain both a double and a triple bond.

Question 64

An alkyne is always a carbon compound that contains a ________ bond.

A)single
B)double
C)triple
D)aromatic
E)hydrogen

Question 65

The IUPAC name of CH₃ -CH = CH-CH₃ is

A)2-butene.
B)2-butane.
C)1-butene.
D)butene.
E)2-butyne.

Question 66

The balanced equation for the complete combustion of C5H12 will give which of these product(s)?

A)CO2 only
B)C5H12O5 only
C)5CO2 + 5H2O
D)5CO2 + 6H2O
E)10CO + 12H2O

Question 67

What is(are) the product(s) of the complete combustion of any hydrocarbon?

A)CO only
B)CO2 only
C)CO + H2O
D)CO2 + H2O
E)H2O only

Question 68

What is the IUPAC name for the following compound?

A)1-pentene
B)2-pentene
C)3-pentene
D)1-methylbutene
E)2-pentyne

Question 69

An alkene is always a carbon compound that contains a ________ bond.

A)single
B)double
C)triple
D)aromatic
E)hydrogen

Question 70

Which of the compounds is a cycloalkene?

A)CH₂ = CH-CH = CH₂
B)
C)CH₃-C = CH₂
D)
E)

Question 71

The compound 1-butyne contains

A)all single bonds.
B)a double bond.
C)a triple bond.
D)a ring structure.
E)a bromine atom.

Question 72

Which of the following compounds is an alkyne?

A)CH₃
-CH2-CH₃
B)C3H6
C)CH₃
-CH2-C ≡ CH
D)H2C = CH-CH = CH2
E)2-pentene

Question 73

The IUPAC name for CH₃ -CH2-C ≡ C-CH₃ is

A)3-pentyne.
B)2-pentyne.
C)pentyne.
D)1-methylbutyne.
E)2-propene.

Question 74

The IUPAC name for ethylene is

A)ethane.
B)cycloethane.
C)ethyne.
D)ethanene.
E)ethene.

Question 75

When naming an alkene, the parent chain is the longest carbon chain

A)that does not contain the double bond.
B)regardless of whether or not it contains the double bond.
C)that contains at least one of the carbon atoms of the double bond.
D)that contains both atoms of the double bond.
E)that contains a branch.

Question 76

What is the condensed structural formula of the compound propene?

A)CH₃
-CH2-CH₃
B)H₃
C = CH2-CH₃
C)H2C = C = CH2
D)CH₃
-CH = CH2
E)HC ≡ C-CH₃

Question 77

An unsaturated compound always

A)is a cycloalkane.
B)contains a double bond.
C)contains a triple bond.
D)contains at least one double or triple bond.
E)is aromatic.

Question 78

The reaction of butane with oxygen is called

A)substitution.
B)addition.
C)neutralization.
D)combustion.
E)titration.

Question 79

A hydrocarbon with a double bond is a(n)

A)alkane.
B)alkene.
C)alkyne.
D)alcohol.
E)saturated compound.

Question 80

What type of compound is CH₃ -CH₂-CH₃ ?

A)alkane
B)branched alkane
C)cycloalkane
D)haloalkane
E)isomer