Deck 3: Energy and Matter

Question 1

In a gas, the distance between the particles is

A)very close relative to the size of the molecules.
B)close relative to the size of the molecules.
C)fixed relative to the size of the molecules.
D)small relative to the size of the molecules.
E)very large relative to the size of the molecules.

Answer 1

very large relative to the size of the molecules.

Question 2

Which of the following is a property of a solid?

A)It takes the shape of the container.
B)It fills the volume of the container.
C)The particles move at a rapid rate.
D)The interactions between its particles are very weak.
E)The particles have fixed positions and are very close together.

Answer 2

The particles have fixed positions and are very close together.

Question 3

If the temperature is - 55 °C, what is the corresponding temperature on the Kelvin scale?

A)225 K
B)218 K
C)55 K
D)273 K
E)328 K

Answer 3

218 K

Question 4

Absolute zero is

A)the freezing point of water using the Celsius scale.
B)the boiling point of liquid nitrogen.
C)the temperature on the Kelvin scale corresponding to 32 °F.
D)the coldest temperature possible.
E)the freezing point of liquid nitrogen.

Question 5

Gold in a wedding ring is a(n)

A)compound.
B)heterogeneous mixture.
C)element.
D)homogeneous mixture.
E)None of the above.

Question 6

Air is a(n)

A)compound.
B)heterogeneous mixture.
C)element.
D)homogeneous mixture.
E)None of the above.

Question 7

If the temperature is 20 °C, what is the corresponding temperature on the Fahrenheit scale?

A)-22 °F
B)68 °F
C)43 °F
D)239 °F
E)94 °F

Question 8

Which one of the following properties describes a liquid?

A)has its own shape
B)particles are close together and move randomly
C)particles move very rapidly
D)fills the entire volume of the container
E)There is essentially no interaction between the particles.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a physical change?

A)grinding coffee beans
B)baking a cake
C)converting water to hydrogen and oxygen
D)digesting a cheeseburger
E)burning coal

Question 10

Helium is a(n)

A)compound.
B)heterogeneous mixture.
C)element.
D)homogeneous mixture.
E)electron.

Question 11

Which of the following is a chemical change?

A)cutting a rope
B)bending a steel rod
C)making a snowman
D)burning sugar
E)melting gold

Question 12

A patient has a temperature of 38.5 °C. What is the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit?

A)70.5 °F
B)311 °F
C)126.9 °F
D)101.3 °F
E)11.7 °F

Question 13

The primary substances of which all other things are composed are

A)molecules.
B)compounds.
C)elements.
D)electrons.
E)protons.

Question 14

The temperature of liquid nitrogen is - 196 °C. What is the corresponding reading on the Kelvin scale?

A)77 K
B)-127 K
C)-91 K
D)48 K
E)146 K

Question 15

A temperature of 41 °F is the same as

A)5 °C.
B)310 °C.
C)-9 °C.
D)16 °C.
E)42 °C.

Question 16

Coins in a piggy bank is a(n)

A)compound.
B)heterogeneous mixture.
C)element.
D)homogeneous mixture.
E)None of the above.

Question 17

Which of the following is a physical property of both liquids and gases?

A)has its own shape
B)has a definite volume
C)has strong interactions between its particles
D)has randomly arranged particles
E)has large spaces between molecules

Question 18

Which of the following is a physical change?

A)baking a cake
B)dry ice subliming
C)fermenting grapes to produce wine
D)digesting a meal
E)a tomato ripening

Question 19

Which of the following would NOT be a physical change?

A)freezing water to make ice cubes
B)tearing a piece of aluminum foil
C)boiling water for soup
D)burning gasoline in a lawnmower
E)melting gold to make jewelry

Question 20

On a hot day, the thermometer read 95 °F. What is the temperature in degrees Celsius?

A)77 °C
B)113 °C
C)35 °C
D)63 °C
E)178 °C

Question 21

3.25 kcal is the same amount of energy as

A)3.25 J.
B)0.777 J.
C)777 J.
D)13600 J.
E)13.6 J.

Question 22

The dietary calorie (Cal) is equal to

A)1000 kilocalories.
B)1000 calories.
C)100 calories.
D)10 calories.
E)1 calorie.

Question 23

The energy stored in the chemical bonds of a carbohydrate molecule is

A)specific heat.
B)kinetic energy.
C)potential energy.
D)work.
E)a calorie.

Question 24

A 2.5 g sample of french fries is placed in a calorimeter with 500.0 g of water at an initial temperature of 21 °C. After combustion of the french fries, the water has a temperature of 48 °C. What is the caloric value (kcal/g) of the french fries?

A)14 kcal/g
B)11 kcal/g
C)0.14 kcal/g
D)4.2 kcal/g
E)5.4 kcal/g

Question 25

A kilocalorie of heat is required to raise the temperature of

A)1 g of water from 14 °C to 15 °C.
B)1 g of water by 10 °C.
C)10 g of water by 10 °C.
D)100 g of water by 10 °C.
E)100 g of water by 100 °C.

Question 26

One cup of kidney beans contains 15 g of protein, 1.0 g of fat, and 42 g of carbohydrate. How many kilocalories, to two significant figures, does this sample contain?

A)60 kcal
B)88 kcal
C)230 kcal
D)240 kcal
E)520 kcal

Question 27

Which of the following is an example of potential energy?

A)chewing food
B)water stored in a reservoir
C)burning wood
D)a fan blade turning
E)riding an exercise bike

Question 28

A serving of fish contains 50.g of protein and 4.0 g of fat. If protein has a caloric value of 4.0 kcal/g and fat has 9.0 kcal/g, how many kcal are in the serving? Report the answer to 2 significant figures.

A)240 kcal
B)54.0 kcal
C)470 kcal
D)220 kcal
E)490 kcal

Question 29

Global warming is believed to result from all of the following except

A)burning of fossil fuels.
B)increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
C)deforestation.
D)movement of the Earth closer to the Sun.
E)carbon dioxide trapping the heat produced by the Sun.

Question 30

The energy associated with the motion of particles in a substance is called

A)temperature.
B)electrical energy.
C)heat.
D)chemical energy.
E)potential energy.

Question 31

An example of kinetic energy is

A)a coiled spring.
B)running water.
C)a tree.
D)natural gas.
E)chemical energy.

Question 32

A potato contains 20 g of carbohydrate. If carbohydrate has a caloric value of 4 kcal/g, how many kcal are obtained from the carbohydrate in the potato?

A)5 kcal
B)20 kcal
C)40 kcal
D)60 kcal
E)80 kcal

Question 33

The energy of motion is referred to as

A)work.
B)freezing.
C)specific heat.
D)potential energy.
E)kinetic energy.

Question 34

The specific heat of a substance is the amount of heat needed to

A)change 1 g of the substance from the solid to the liquid state.
B)raise the temperature of 1 g of the substance by 1 °C.
C)change 1 g of the substance from the liquid to the solid state.
D)convert 1 g of a liquid to gas.
E)convert 1 g of a solid to a gas.

Question 35

A diet has a total caloric intake of 1400 kcal. If the protein in the diet provides 35% of the kcal, the number of kcal of protein in the diet is

A)700 kcal.
B)490 kcal.
C)210 kcal.
D)460 kcal.
E)1200 kcal.

Question 36

The phrase "ability to do work" is a definition of

A)specific heat.
B)energy.
C)calorie.
D)heating.
E)cooling.

Question 37

A slice of pizza contains 29 g of carbohydrate, 13 g of protein and an unknown amount of fat. If the pizza contains 280 kcal, how many grams of fat are present? Report the answer to 2 significant figures.

A)10. g
B)12 g
C)25 g
D)55 g
E)250 g

Question 38

A cheeseburger from a fast food restaurant contains 19 g of fat, 20. g of carbohydrate, and 28 g of protein. How many kcal of energy does the cheeseburger contain? (The accepted caloric values for foods are 4.0 kcal/g for carbohydrate, 9.0 kcal/g for fat, and 4.0 kcal/g for protein.) Report the answer to 2 significant figures.

A)70. kcal
B)360 kcal
C)17 kcal
D)630 kcal
E)280 kcal

Question 39

650. J is the same amount of energy as

A)155 cal.
B)2720 cal.
C)650 cal.
D)1550 cal.
E)2.72 cal.

Question 40

In which of the following would the particles move most rapidly?

A)ice at -20 °C
B)water at 20 °C
C)steam at 110 °C
D)boiling water
E)ice at 0 °C

Question 41

A burn from steam at 100 °C is expected to be more severe than a burn from boiling water at 100 °C because

A)the steam is hotter than the boiling water.
B)there is more steam than water.
C)the steam will give off a large amount of heat as it condenses.
D)you are more likely to come into contact with the steam than with the boiling water.
E)All of these answers are correct.

Question 42

The formation of a gas resulting from the escape of high-energy particles from the surface of a liquid is known as

A)evaporation.
B)deposition.
C)boiling.
D)melting.
E)sublimation.

Question 43

A color of a substance is an example of a ________ property.

Question 44

The simplest type of pure substance is an ________.

Question 45

The specific heat of copper is 0.0920 cal/g °C, and the specific heat of silver is 0.0562 cal/g °C. If 100 cal of heat is added to one g of each metal at 25 °C, what is the expected result?

A)The copper will reach a higher temperature.
B)The silver will reach a higher temperature.
C)The two samples will reach the same temperature.
D)The copper will reach a temperature lower than 25 °C.
E)The silver will soften.

Question 46

A heating curve illustrates

A)what a substance looks like as it is heated.
B)what happens to the particles of a substance as it is heated.
C)what happens to the heat applied as the temperature is increased.
D)the changes in the temperature and physical state of a substance as it is heated.
E)the chemical changes that occur as the substance is heated.

Question 47

How many calories are required to increase the temperature of 13 g of alcohol from 11 °C to 23 °C? The specific heat of alcohol is 0.588 cal/g °C.

A)83 cal
B)0.63 cal
C)92 cal
D)0.54 cal
E)170 cal

Question 48

The lowest temperature on the Kelvin scale is ________ kelvin.

Question 49

The physical state(s) present when a substance is melting is (are)

A)solid.
B)liquid.
C)gas.
D)solid + liquid.
E)liquid + gas.

Question 50

A reaction of a substance with water is an example of a ________ property.

Question 51

A mixture which has uniform properties is a ________ mixture.

Question 52

The number of calories needed to raise the temperature of 32 g of water from 12 °C to 54 °C is

A)384 cal.
B)1.3 cal.
C)1300 cal.
D)1700 cal.
E)0.76 cal.

Question 53

How many calories are required to raise the temperature of a 35.0 g sample of iron from 25 °C to 35 °C? Iron has a specific heat of 0.108 cal/g °C.

A)38 cal
B)1.1 cal
C)3.8 cal
D)93 cal
E)130 cal

Question 54

Which of the following does NOT involve a change of state?

A)melting ice
B)freezing water
C)vaporization of alcohol
D)sublimation of dry ice
E)pouring water into a vacuum-insulated bottle

Question 55

Raising the temperature of 10.0 g of water from 10.0 °C to 20.0 °C requires 100.0 cal of energy, while raising the temperature of 10.0 g of aluminum from 10.0 °C to 20.0 °C requires 22 cal. More calories are required to heat the water because

A)water is a liquid and aluminum is a solid at 10.0 °C.
B)ten grams of water occupies a larger volume than 10.0 g of aluminum.
C)water has a greater potential energy than aluminum.
D)water has a larger specific heat than aluminum.
E)10.0 °C is closer to the melting point of water than to the melting point of aluminum.

Question 56

The boiling point of water on the Celsius scale is ________ °C.

Question 57

Which of the following does NOT represent a step on the heating curve of water?

A)The temperature of steam cannot exceed 100 °C.
B)The temperature of ice remains at 0 °C as it melts.
C)The temperature of liquid water increases linearly as it is heated.
D)The temperature of liquid water remains at 100 °C as it boils.
E)Both liquid water and ice are present at 0 °C.

Question 58

When a solid is converted directly to a gas, the change of state is called

A)freezing.
B)melting.
C)boiling.
D)condensation.
E)sublimation.

Question 59

The energy of motion is called ________ energy.

Question 60

How many calories are required to raise the temperature of a 150. g sample of gold from 25 °C to 175 °C? The specific heat of gold is 0.0308 cal/g °C.

A)4.62 cal
B)116 cal
C)22500 cal
D)693 cal
E)130 cal

Question 61

Will the caloric value of a 100.g hamburger be higher or lower than the caloric value of 100. g of cooking oil?

Question 62

The units of specific heat are ________.

Question 63

The change of state from solid to gas is termed ________.

Question 64

Bromine (Br₂) has a freezing point of -7 °C, and a boiling point of 60 °C.
Indicate the state or change of state occurring at each temperature.
-15 °C

Question 65

Molecules of a gas are very close together.

Question 66

The energy in chemical bonds is kinetic energy.

Question 67

The nutritional calorie (Cal) is the same as ________ cal.

Question 68

Water freezes at 100 °C.

Question 69

Bromine (Br₂) has a freezing point of -7 °C, and a boiling point of 60 °C.
Indicate the state or change of state occurring at each temperature.
70 °C

Question 70

32 °F is the same temperature as 100 °C.

Question 71

Carbohydrates and proteins have the same caloric value per gram.

Question 72

Black coffee is a homogeneous mixture.

Question 73

Bromine (Br₂) has a freezing point of -7 °C, and a boiling point of 60 °C.
Indicate the state or change of state occurring at each temperature.
60 °C

Question 74

A solid has a constant shape and volume.

Question 75

Bromine (Br₂) has a freezing point of -7 °C, and a boiling point of 60 °C.
Indicate the state or change of state occurring at each temperature.
30 °C

Question 76

Will the caloric value of a 100. g hamburger be higher or lower than the caloric value of 100. g of sugar?

Question 77

Water vapor is a gas.

Question 78

Bromine (Br₂) has a freezing point of -7 °C, and a boiling point of 60 °C.
Indicate the state or change of state occurring at each temperature.
-7 °C

Question 79

When a liquid boils, the process by which the molecules leave its surface is called ________.

Question 80

Gold is an element.