Deck 12: Conception, Pregnancy, and Childbirth

Question 1

To increase the likelihood of fertilization,a couple should have intercourse

A)10 days after the first day of the menstrual cycle.
B)within 5 days before and 1 day after ovulation.
C)from 1 to 5 days before menstruation begins.
D)within 5 days before and 2 days after the menstrual period.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

On approximately the fifth day after conception,

A)the embryonic membranes are formed.
B)gastrulation occurs.
C)the fetus begins to develop.
D)the blastocyst arrives in the uterine cavity.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The fetus is contained within the

A)yolk.
B)amnion.
C)placenta.
D)blastocyst.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The process by which oocyte-penetrating enzymes are prepared for release is called

A)ovulation.
B)capacitation.
C)gestation.
D)fertilization.

Question 5

Why do so few sperm ever reach the fallopian tubes after intercourse?

A)Most leak from the vagina or are destroyed by the vaginal environment.
B)A majority of sperm are deformed and,thus,cannot swim effectively through the cervix.
C)Most sperm cannot pass through the cervix because of its position relative to the vagina.
D)Unless a female orgasm occurs,the cervix closes during the resolution period.

Question 6

When the blastocyst arrives in the uterine cavity,it then

A)splits into two distinct masses.
B)floats for a day or two before implanting.
C)immediately attaches to the walls of the uterus.
D)sends out an umbilical cord which will attach to the uterus.

Question 7

Gestation refers to the process of

A)conception.
B)ovulation.
C)menstruation.
D)pregnancy.

Question 8

Traditionally,physicians calculate the first day of pregnancy as

A)the last day of the menstrual period plus five days.
B)the date of last intercourse.
C)the date of the beginning of the last menstrual period.
D)14 days after the previous menstrual period.

Question 9

Formation of the arms and legs of an embryo occurs around the

A)second week.
B)twelfth week.
C)fifth week.
D)first week.

Question 10

During which week of pregnancy do ears and eyes form?

A)third week
B)fifth week
C)sixth week
D)tenth week

Question 11

Pa is pregnant.Her last menstrual period was on March 1^st.Her physician will calculate the first date of her pregnancy as

A)February 15^th.
B)March 1^st.
C)March 15^th.
D)March 29^th.

Question 12

If the pregnancy proceeds without interruption,the birth will occur approximately how many days after conception?

A)228
B)266
C)280
D)300

Question 13

After ovulation,an oocyte remains viable in the female body for

A)72 hours.
B)24-48 hours.
C)12-24 hours.
D)6-12 hours.

Question 14

Which is the correct sequence of development for a fertilized ovum?

A)zygote,blastocyst,embryo,fetus
B)blastocyst,zygote,fetus,embryo
C)zygote,blastocyst,fetus,embryo
D)blastocyst,zygote,embryo,fetus

Question 15

Which of the following is not an embryonic membrane?

A)amnion
B)chorion
C)blastulon
D)yolk sac

Question 16

Most sperm are viable in the female reproductive tract for

A)72 hours.
B)12-48 hours.
C)6-12 hours.
D)24 hours.

Question 17

Fertilization is considered complete when

A)the diploid zygote is formed.
B)the acrosomal reaction ceases.
C)capacitation begins.
D)the corona radiata is penetrated.

Question 18

At the 15^th week of gestation,the fetus is covered with fine hair called

A)vernix.
B)lunelle.
C)fontanelle.
D)lanugo.

Question 19

An oocyte is

A)typically shed during the woman's menstrual cycle.
B)an unfertilized egg.
C)the tube that connects the ovaries to the uterus.
D)a byproduct of the uterine lining.

Question 20

A full-term fetus has about ______________ cells.

A)60 million
B)600 million
C)600 billion
D)600 trillion

Question 21

At what point is the fetus typically able to survive outside of the mother's body?

A)4 months
B)5 months
C)6 months
D)7 months

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a basic precaution for sexual relations during pregnancy?

A)If there is bleeding,cease sexual activity and consult a physician.
B)The woman should not have orgasms during pregnancy.
C)Pressure on the woman's abdomen during late pregnancy should be avoided.
D)If the woman has had a prior miscarriage,she should check with her health care practitioner before engaging in activities that could lead to orgasm.

Question 23

Which of the following most typifies the second trimester?

A)increased sense of well-being and harmony
B)edematous hands,ankles,and feet
C)nausea and fears regarding fetal normality
D)physical abilities become somewhat limited

Question 24

The _________ serves as a biochemical barrier.

A)placenta
B)endometrium
C)umbilical cord
D)myometrium

Question 25

A simple blood test can determine a baby's sex with 95% accuracy at ___ weeks after conception.

A)5
B)7
C)9
D)11

Question 26

Between 2008 and 2009,births to ________ dropped by 6%.

A)teenagers
B)perimenopausal
C)Hispanics
D)Caucasians

Question 27

The heart of an embryo start to beat at

A)two weeks.
B)five weeks.
C)four weeks.
D)seven weeks.

Question 28

A full-term pregnancy lasts

A)30 weeks.
B)36 weeks.
C)40 weeks.
D)44 weeks.

Question 29

The term now used to describe adults who have decided to refrain from having children is

A)childlike.
B)child-free.
C)childless.
D)abstinent.

Question 30

Morning sickness (nausea)is most characteristic in which trimester?

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)all trimesters equally

Question 31

The mother's bloodstream is attached to the fetus through the

A)fallopian tube.
B)umbilical cord.
C)placenta.
D)cervix.

Question 32

Approximately how many women of childbearing age have chosen not to have children?

A)1.2%
B)3.3%
C)6.6%
D)8.7%

Question 33

Hegar's sign is

A)a dilation of the cervix.
B)breast tenderness.
C)a softening of the uterus just above the cervix.
D)a chemical reaction present in the mother's blood.

Question 34

Which trimester of pregnancy tends to be the most difficult for the mother?

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)They are all equally as unpleasant.

Question 35

Which trimester of pregnancy tends to be the most pleasant for the mother?

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)They are all equally as unpleasant.

Question 36

There was a decline in the number of births between 2008 and 2009 in the United States in every group except

A)African Americans.
B)Hispanics.
C)Asian Americans.
D)Caucasians.

Question 37

Home pregnancy tests show if __________ is present.

A)HCG
B)oxytocin
C)AFP
D)progestin

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways a pregnant woman's relationship with her mother is likely to change?

A)She may feel more her own mother's equal.
B)She and her mother may develop a more adult-adult relationship.
C)If previously dependent,she may become even more so.
D)A previously distant and hostile relationship can become a warmer relationship.

Question 39

During the ____________ trimester,a pregnant woman can feel the fetus move.

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth

Question 40

Tamesha has missed her period.Her doctor does a vaginal exam and tells her that she is likely pregnant.This is because the doctor noticed

A)a higher concentration of red blood cells in Tamesha's vagina.
B)a softening of Tamesha's uterus just below the cervix.
C)Tamesha's uterus has started to dilate.
D)the presence of HCG in Tamesha's cervix.

Question 41

Which of the following will reduce the likelihood of low-birth-weight and premature births?

A)regular blood pressure checks
B)regular prenatal care
C)immunization against Group B streptococcus
D)screening for hepatitis

Question 42

Premature births are babies that are born before _____ weeks of gestation.

A)32
B)35
C)37
D)40

Question 43

Alcohol,tobacco,and caffeine are all potential

A)stimulants.
B)teratogens.
C)causal agents of miscarriages.
D)causes of toxemia.

Question 44

After being rushed to the hospital,Charlene is told she has an ectopic pregnancy.What does this mean?

A)The conceptus has not properly implanted in the endometrium and partial shedding has occurred.
B)The conceptus has implanted in the fallopian tube and is growing outside of the uterus.
C)Gastrulation has failed to occur,and the fetus is malformed.
D)The placenta has developed beyond the walls of the uterus.

Question 45

German measles (rubella)are most dangerous to the unborn child during

A)intercourse.
B)the first trimester.
C)the second trimester.
D)the third trimester.

Question 46

Another name for a tubal pregnancy is a(n)____________ pregnancy.

A)ectopic
B)endometrial
C)peripheral
D)fallopian

Question 47

An ultrasound is performed using

A)sound waves.
B)a test of amniotic fluid.
C)a cervical exam.
D)light waves.

Question 48

Fetal alcohol syndrome does NOT include which of the following?

A)heart defects
B)unusual facial characteristics
C)abnormal behavior patterns
D)incomplete limb development

Question 49

The amniocentesis procedure is performed by

A)scraping cells from around the cervix of the mother.
B)withdrawing fluid from the uterus with a needle.
C)conducting a blood test on the developing embryo.
D)conducting a CT scan of the mother's abdomen.

Question 50

Karen is trying to become pregnant.She is concerned about contracting rubella,which she has never had and for which she has never been immunized.To help avoid any related problems with her child during pregnancy and afterward,she should

A)discuss rubella immunization with her doctor before trying to get pregnant.
B)get an immunization during pregnancy.
C)have the child immunized after birth if she contracts rubella during pregnancy.
D)make sure the child is immunized.

Question 51

What percentage of all pregnancies in the United States result in premature births?

A)2%
B)12%
C)22%
D)32%

Question 52

Which of the following is NOT a reason why low birth weight is problematic?

A)The sucking reflex and swallowing ability may not be well developed.
B)There will be greater vulnerability to infections,particularly respiratory ones.
C)Vital organs may be insufficiently developed.
D)The brain and other vital organs may be edematous.

Question 53

During the third trimester,which of the following events is NOT likely to occur?

A)the uterus will fill the abdominal cavity
B)water retention
C)physical abilities are limited by size
D)there is a return of nausea and vomiting

Question 54

Ultrasound imaging uses ____________ to create a computer-generated picture of the fetus.

A)high-frequency sound waves
B)low radiation x-rays
C)electron microscopes
D)platelets

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT a developmental task of the expectant mother?

A)acceptance and resolution of the relationship with the woman's own mother
B)development of an emotional attachment to the fetus
C)differentiation of the self from the fetus
D)acceptance of pregnancy

Question 56

A condition of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure and edema along with protein in the urine is

A)toxoplasmosis.
B)erythroblastosis fetalis.
C)pregnancy-induced hypertension.
D)ectopic pregnancy.

Question 57

A newborn baby has unusual facial features,a small head and body size,poor mental abilities,and a heart defect.Physicians are likely to suspect

A)HIV.
B)rubella.
C)eclampsia.
D)fetal alcohol syndrome.

Question 58

For a woman who postpones pregnancy until she is over the age of 35 will likely find that her chances of conceiving ______________,whereas her risk of having a live baby with chromosome problems _____________.

A)increase;decrease
B)decrease;decrease
C)decrease;increase
D)will remain unchanged;increase

Question 59

Maternal _______________ impairs placental development by reducing blood flow.

A)cigarette smoking
B)alcohol consumption
C)calorie restriction
D)marijuana use

Question 60

A low-birth-weight baby is usually defined as one who weighs less than __________ pounds.

A)3.75
B)7
C)5.5
D)2

Question 61

The most common cause of female infertility is

A)environmental toxins or teratogens.
B)a history of a previous abortion.
C)fallopian tube blockage from PID.
D)problems with ovulation.

Question 62

A major cause of infant mortality in the United States is

A)genital herpes.
B)chemical abuse by the mother and father.
C)infanticide shortly after birth.
D)poverty.

Question 63

In a situation in which it is critical to know about fetal abnormalities as early as possible,which diagnostic test is likely to be recommended?

A)ultrasound
B)amniocentesis
C)alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
D)chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

Question 64

A couple has been unable to conceive a child for over a year.Which of the following is NOT a possible cause?

A)fibroids
B)endometriosis
C)a varicocele
D)anxiety

Question 65

Fertility treatments in which both the eggs and the sperm are handled are known as

A)assisted reproductive technology (ART).
B)physician intervening procedure (PIP).
C)fertility insemination treatment (FIT).
D)genetic uterine manipulation (GUM).

Question 66

Carla just had chorionic villus sampling to determine if her fetus had birth defects.This test was likely performed in the ____________ weeks of gestation.

A)second to fourth
B)eighth to tenth
C)tenth to thirteen
D)fifteenth to twentieth

Question 67

__________ of recognized pregnancies end in a miscarriage.

A)1-2%
B)5-10%
C)10-15%
D)15-20%

Question 68

Uterine contractions are stimulated by

A)relaxin.
B)oxytocin and prostaglandins.
C)lochia and lanugo.
D)allantois and HCG.

Question 69

Newborns are often covered with a waxy substance called

A)vernix.
B)lochia.
C)lanugo.
D)chorion.

Question 70

One factor that does NOT contribute to the occurrence of infertility in women is

A)uterine polyps.
B)hormonal imbalances.
C)very high or very low body weight.
D)All of these can contribute to women's infertility.

Question 71

Second stage labor begins when the

A)placenta is discharged.
B)baby begins to breathe on its own.
C)mucous plug is expelled from the cervix.
D)baby's head moves into the birth canal.

Question 72

When a pregnancy miscarries,it is likely that

A)the miscarriage was self-induced.
B)there were chromosomal damage or uterine abnormalities.
C)there was psychological ambivalence about the pregnancy.
D)there were multiple fetuses.

Question 73

Kelly has decided to carry a pregnancy for her sister Sydney.They use Sydney's egg and Sydney's husband's sperm.Kelly is a

A)gestational carrier.
B)surrogate mother.
C)foster mother.
D)proxy mother.

Question 74

Most miscarriages are caused by

A)carelessness on the part of the mother.
B)chemical abuse on the part of the mother.
C)chromosomal abnormalities.
D)nutritional deficiencies in the mother.

Question 75

Harry and Sally are that told their neonate measured 9.5 on the Apgar test.This means that their baby is

A)of low birth weight.
B)having some respiratory distress.
C)average in physical condition.
D)very healthy.

Question 76

Kelly has decided to carry a pregnancy for her sister Sydney.They use Kelly's egg and Sydney's husband's sperm.Kelly is a

A)gestational carrier.
B)surrogate mother.
C)foster mother.
D)proxy mother.

Question 77

In artificial insemination,

A)the woman's egg is united with a sperm in a lab,then re-implanted.
B)sperm is frozen,then thawed inside the woman's uterus.
C)the partner's or a donor's sperm is injected into the woman.
D)the sperm and the egg are united inside the cervix.

Question 78

The amniocentesis procedure tests for

A)fetal position.
B)chromosomal defects.
C)the stage of development of the fetus.
D)multiple fetuses.

Question 79

The ____________ stage of labor is the longest.

A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth

Question 80

After many years of testing and attempted fertilizations,Charlotte agrees to have several of her own oocytes fertilized in a dish and then have them implanted in her uterus.This procedure is called

A)IUI (intrauterine insemination).
B)AI (artificial insemination).
C)IVF (in vitro fertilization).
D)GIFT (general inter-uterine fertilization treatment).