Deck 3: Assessment for Community Oral Health Program Planning

Question 1

Which of the following is one of the five core areas of knowledge in the national examination written by the National Board of Public Health Examiners (NBPHE)?

A) Communication and informatics
B) Diversity and culture
C) Leadership
D) Health policy and management

Answer 1

Health policy and management

Question 2

Which of the following factors that influence the health of individuals and populations is considered to be a contributor to well-being rather than a broader determinant of health?

A) Social justice and equity
B) Culture and race relations
C) Meaningful work
D) Employment

Answer 2

Meaningful work

Question 3

Embedded into the basic planning cycle is a framework for which of the following?

A) Community health improvement process
B) Community oral health planning
C) Mandala of health
D) Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors seven-step model

Answer 3

Community oral health planning

Question 4

The "epidemiologic triangle" depicts disease as the outcome of the interactions among which of the following?

A) Population, occurrences, and determinants
B) Population dynamics, place characteristics, and time
C) Host, agent, and environmental factors
D) Distribution, affected population, and determinants

Question 5

Which of the following correctly depicts the steps in the planning cycle?

A) Implement, evaluate, plan, assess
B) Evaluate, implement, assess, plan
C) Plan, assess, implement, evaluate
D) Assess, plan, implement, evaluate

Question 6

Biologic or mechanical means of causing disease, illness, injury, or disability is which of the following factors in the epidemiologic triangle?

A) Environmental
B) Host
C) Agent
D) Human

Question 7

Which type of epidemiologic study involves a subset of a defined population that can be identified and observed for a sufficient number of person-years to generate reliable incidence or mortality rates?

A) Cohort study
B) Analytic study
C) Experimental study
D) Cross-sectional study

Question 8

Which of the following is important in data collection?

A) Narrowing the focus so that time is not wasted in conducting a broad search.
B) Organizing an inventory of the information.
C) Carefully compiling information from primary sources.
D) Understanding the anticipated outcome.

Question 9

Which of the following is thought to have the least impact on health?

A) Where people live
B) Income and education levels
C) Access and use of health care services
D) Relationships with family and friends

Question 10

Which three core public health functions specified by the CDCP must health agencies and departments perform in order to protect health, wellness, and quality of life and prevent disease, injury, disability, and death?

A) Partnerships, health issues, resources
B) Assessment, policy development, assurance
C) Public health policies, programs, practices
D) Health concerns, data, outcomes

Question 11

Which of the following is true of host factors when studying epidemiology?

A) The host must be a person or animal; it cannot be a plant.
B) The vector is the host.
C) Host factors relate primarily to susceptibility and resistance to disease.
D) Host factors are the biologic or mechanical means of causing disease.

Question 12

According to Healthy People 2020, congenitally missing teeth, cancer, and cleft lip are considered examples of which of the following determinants of health?

A) Environmental
B) Biologic and genetic
C) Access to care
D) Individual behavior

Question 13

Epidemiology in public health has many uses EXCEPT which of the following?

A) Evaluate a community topical fluoride application program.
B) Dental fee increases by zip code.
C) Describe the use of chewing gum among American Indians.
D) Predict morbidity.

Question 14

Which of the following is considered to be a physical rather than social determinant of health?

A) Income
B) Housing
C) Education
D) Access to health care

Question 15

Which of the following is true of a case control study?

A) It may involve the generation of a mortality rate in a subset of the population.
B) It compares persons with a disease or condition with another group of people from the same population without the disease or condition.
C) It compares persons with a disease or condition with another group of people from a dissimilar population with the same disease or condition.
D) It may involve examining the relationship between diseases and other variables, requiring a small sample size.

Question 16

The context of people's lives determines their health. Individuals are likely to be able to control many of the determinants of health directly.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

Question 17

Which of the following was established in 2005 to ensure that graduates from schools and programs of public health accredited by the Council on Education for Public Health (CEPH) have mastered the knowledge and skills relevant to contemporary public health?

A) Council on Linkages between Academia and Public Health Practice
B) National Institutes of Health (NIH)
C) National Board of Public Health Examiners (NBPHE)
D) Centers for Public Health Preparedness

Question 18

Changing perspectives of health in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries include all except which of the following?

A) Changes in the professional ethos
B) Migration of populations
C) Shift in third-party reimbursement
D) Teledentistry

Question 19

Which of the following is the regular and systematic collection, assemblage, analysis, and communication on the health of the community?

A) Epidemiology
B) Assessment
C) The mandala of health
D) The planning cycle

Question 20

The correct order for implementing a community oral health assessment is which of the following?

A) Determine the need of primary data collection, collect data, communicate and publicize findings, analyze and interpret the data.
B) Collect data, determine the need of primary data collection, communicate and publicize findings, analyze and interpret the data.
C) Determine the need of primary data collection, collect data, analyze and interpret the data, communicate and publicize findings.
D) Collect data, determine the need, communicate and publicize findings, analyze and interpret the data.

Question 21

The Certification in Public Health was developed and is administered by which of the following?

A) National Board of Public Health Examiners (NBPHE)
B) Academy of Public Health Dentistry (APHD)
C) American Dental Hygienists' Association (ADHA)
D) American Dental Association (ADA)

Question 22

Which of the following is the next phase of the community oral health improvement process after the assessment is complete?

A) Determining the social impact of oral diseases
B) Development of an oral health improvement plan
C) Deciding whether health care is a right or a privilege
D) Evaluating future trends for public health workers

Question 23

A mathematical model is used to calculate relationships among quantitative variables in order to accomplish which of the following?

A) Analyze textual data collected from transcripts or interviews
B) Determine statistical significance
C) Identify a thematic framework
D) Assess common or unique themes

Question 24

The science and art of preventing and controlling dental diseases and promoting dental health through organized community efforts is the definition of which of the following?

A) Dental public health
B) Curriculum of dental hygiene
C) Public health assessment
D) Dental epidemiology

Question 25

Which of the following describes the findings of an assessment?

A) An assessment should be considered privileged information and should not be discussed publicly.
B) An assessment should be limited to professional journals and communication.
C) An assessment should be published and distributed widely to various community members.
D) An assessment should be distributed as an executive summary but not as a full report.

Question 26

Quantitative data refer to which of the following?

A) Information that cannot be numerically measured or analyzed
B) Descriptions of traditions and the history of a community
C) Information that is objective and measurable
D) The amount of data collected

Question 27

The American Dental Education Association (ADEA) competencies and Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA) accreditation standards for dental hygiene place significant emphasis on which of the following?

A) Independent practice
B) Community oral health
C) Health advocacy
D) Collaboration

Question 28

When it is necessary to collect original data, components for a work plan include objectives, activities, roles, responsibilities, and which of the following?

A) Results
B) Materials and methods, and discussion
C) Budget and timetable
D) Outcomes and conclusions

Question 29

Which of the following functions does a community health assessment provide in regard to disparities and inequities among population groups?

A) Analyze
B) Rationalize
C) Quantify
D) Justify

Question 30

Which of the following is an example of qualitative data?

A) Number of births
B) Incidence of disease
C) Employment statistics
D) Information from personal interviews

Question 31

A community oral health assessment is virtually useless unless which of the following occurs?

A) It is published the same year as the assessment is performed.
B) It is funded by the federal government.
C) The information is used to develop and implement evidence-based oral health strategies.
D) It is cited in journals and textbooks.

Question 32

A city ordinance that prohibits smoking in a public restaurant is an example of which of the following?

A) A decision impacting the Social Determinant of Health
B) A decision impacting the Environmental Determinants of Health
C) A decision impacting the Individual Behavior Determinant of Health
D) A Policymaking Decision that is a Determinant of Health

Question 33

When analyzing and interpreting data during an assessment, partners can call upon local community members to enlist their expertise and assistance in which of the following?

A) Obtaining grants and funding
B) Conducting health fairs and community activities
C) Gathering data and information about population demographics
D) Validating impressions and interpretations of the data examined for assessment

Question 34

Which of the following is an example of quantitative rather than qualitative data?

A) Information gleaned from personal interviews
B) Descriptions of traditions and the history of a community
C) The percentage of children with dental sealants
D) Information gathered from participant observations or focus groups

Question 35

The assessment process should be which of the following?

A) Evaluated throughout the health assessment process
B) Evaluated only when the health assessment process is complete
C) Evaluated only as a "look back" when time has proven the validity or lack thereof of the results
D) Is not evaluated

Question 36

Which of the following is the first step in analyzing and interpreting both primary and secondary data for a community oral health assessment?

A) Compare data with other data
B) Assess the significance of the data collected
C) Synthesize the information and summarize the findings
D) Provide direction for future actions to build on community assets

Question 37

Information from secondary sources must be carefully compiled by which of the following systems?

A) Recording, processing, and organizing
B) Assessment
C) Analysis and interpretation
D) Data manipulation

Question 38

The Certified Health Education Specialist certification is offered by which of the following organizations?

A) National Board of Public Health Examiners (NBPHE)
B) National Commission for Health Education Credentialing, Inc.
C) American Dental Hygienists' Association (ADHA)
D) American Dental Association (ADA)

Question 39

When determining the necessity of primary data collection, a decision to determine the need for additional data and information should be based on a reevaluation and possible refinement of the assessment goals, an analysis of the findings from the existing data sources, and which of the following?

A) Available resources to support future assessment activities
B) A marketing study
C) A follow-up survey after 2-3 years
D) An analysis of the reasons for percentage gains or losses

Question 40

A research design that uses the review of past events is which of the following?

A) Prospective
B) Retrospective
C) Multifactorial
D) Surveillance

Question 41

Principal factors analyzed in epidemiology are which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

A) Time
B) Clinical proficiency
C) Distribution
D) Occurrences
E) Barriers to care

Question 42

Which of the following is true of the set of core competencies for public health professionals developed by the Council on Linkages between Academia and Public Health Practice? (Select all that apply.)

A) They are intended for academic institutions and training providers to develop curricula and course content and were not meant to be used in practice settings.
B) The competencies are divided into eight domains.
C) This effort of the council focuses on core competencies as they apply to three different categories of professional positions.

Question 43

Which of the following considers the interactions and relationships among the multiple factors that influence health status and health problems?

A) Community clinic administrator
B) Community planner
C) Public health administrator
D) Epidemiologist

Question 44

The student group needs to gather enough information at the initial meeting with the intended site to prepare a written agreement of which of the following project aspects? (Select all that apply.)

A) Goal
B) Objectives
C) Activities
D) Evaluation methods
E) None of above

Question 45

Public health professionals can belong to many professional disciplines, including which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

A) Phrenology
B) Massage therapy
C) Administration
D) Laboratory science
E) Epidemiology

Question 46

Subject areas of the CPH National Certification Examination include which of the following ? (Select all that apply.)

A) Biostatistics
B) Epidemiology
C) Charting
D) Behavior sciences
E) Assessment protocol

Question 47

Which of the following is true concerning the role of community partners in identifying critical oral health issues and selecting priorities? (Select all that apply.)

A) Community partners should evaluate the community's assets and resources to create a shared vision of change.
B) Community partners should be actively involved in all aspects of determining and prioritizing the critical issues.
C) Community partners must reach a consensus about long- and short-term solutions to address the identified oral health problems.

Question 48

Community health is affected by which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

A) Social changes
B) Politics
C) Insurance reimbursement
D) Changes in technology
E) Economics

Question 49

Which of the following is true for evaluation measures of a community health project? (Select all that apply.)

A) Evaluation measures are to be designed during the planning of the project.
B) Evaluation measures should be connected to the project objectives.
C) Evaluation will be the means of determining if the project accomplished what it was designed to do.
D) Evaluation can include information from questionnaires, pretests and posttests of knowledge, focus groups, numbers of participants, and student reflections.
E) None of above

Question 50

Assessment outcomes should provide which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

A) A summary highlighting key findings
B) An inventory of community assets and resources
C) No explanation of the limitations of the data because doing so may confuse the intended audience

Question 51

Which of the following is the first step in planning a community oral health project?

A) Contact the intended site.
B) Select a target population.
C) Set up a visit to discuss the project.
D) Prepare a written agreement.

Question 52

Which of the following is true concerning current conceptual models of the determinants of health? (Select all that apply.)

A) Monocausal models have taken precedence over multicausal perspectives of health and disease.
B) The epidemiologic triangle model has waned.
C) The concept of a "web of causation" emerged as multifactorial perspectives grew.

Question 53

Environmental factors considered in epidemiology are which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

A) Housing
B) Psychologic patterns
C) Sociocultural
D) Sociopolitical

Question 54

The Minnesota Community Health Assessment and Action Planning (CHAAP), the North Carolina Community Health Assessment Guide, and Community Health Assessment and Group Evaluation (CHANGE) are examples of which of the following?

A) Community health services
B) Community health assessment models
C) Initiatives of Healthy People 2010
D) Epidemiology studies

Question 55

Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps in the planning process for a community oral health project?

A) Set up a visit to discuss the project, prepare a written agreement, begin the project as planned.
B) Prepare a written agreement, set up a visit to discuss the project, begin the project as planned.
C) Set up a visit to discuss the project, begin the project as planned, prepare a written agreement.
D) Begin the project as planned, prepare a written agreement, set up a visit to discuss the project.