Deck 6: Oral Health Programs in the Community

Question 1

Which of the following is the key to a measurable objective?

A) The time frame
B) The performance verb
C) The condition
D) A specific goal

Answer 1

The performance verb

Question 2

Which of the following is the federal government's principal agency for protecting the health of all Americans?

A) Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
B) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
C) National Institutes of Health (NIH)
D) Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)

Answer 2

Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)

Question 3

Which of the following set of terms describes dental caries?

A) Transmissible, acute, and preventable
B) Transmissible, chronic, and not preventable
C) Transmissible, chronic, and preventable
D) Transmissible, acute, and not preventable

Answer 3

Transmissible, chronic, and preventable

Question 4

An oral health coalition is which of the following?

A) A division of the Department of Labor
B) A cooperative effort on the part of many individuals and organizations to build systems and develop programs that improve community health
C) A collaboration between dental schools and dental hygiene programs
D) A yearly event that provides care for low-income individuals with no out-of-pocket expense

Question 5

Which of the following is true of essential public health services for oral health?

A) Describes the roles of a community initiative
B) Developed by the environmental protection agency (EPA)
C) Used in the development and evaluation of public health activities at the state level

Question 6

School-based pit and fissure sealant programs reduced dental caries as much as what percentage?

A) 50%
B) 60%
C) 70%
D) 80%

Question 7

Which of the following helps define a best-practice approach to oral health programs?

A) Practices that seem to be true over time
B) Practices seen in clinical practice
C) Practices that are supported by evidence for impact and effectiveness
D) The consensus of what clinicians believe is true

Question 8

The "WHAT" in the implementation strategy development should address which of the following?

A) The organization responsible for each action step
B) The activities required to achieve the objectives
C) The chronologic sequence of the action steps
D) What materials, methods, media are needed

Question 9

Using a smaller population for a community oral health program with the intent to expand later on is called:

A) test marketing.
B) pilot testing.
C) a stratified sample.
D) testing the waters.

Question 10

Developing goals and objectives during the development of an oral health program in the community is part of which of the following processes?

A) Assessment
B) Planning
C) Implementation
D) Evaluation

Question 11

Many individual county and city health departments have federally funded clinics that offer services on a sliding scale fee schedule and accept clients who receive public assistance through which of the following?

A) Medicare
B) Medicaid
C) The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
D) Workforce development

Question 12

If a community's perception of needs is adhered to exclusively, actual clinical health problems may go untreated because of which of the following?

A) Funding is limited
B) People are not knowledgeable about many areas of health care
C) There are differences between wants and needs
D) Desires are endless

Question 13

Which of the following is true of implementation?

A) An organized and systematic approach to identify a target group and to define the extent and severity of oral health needs present
B) An organized response to reduce or eliminate one or more problems
C) Includes the process of putting the plan into action and monitoring the plan's activities, personnel, equipment, resources, and supplies
D) Provides the method of measuring results of the program against objectives developed during the early planning stages

Question 14

Which of the following is true for evaluation of a community oral health program?

A) Evaluation determines whether the program accomplishes what it was designed to accomplish.
B) A summary of what went well and what did not is adequate.
C) A negative outcome means that the program has been a failure.
D) Drawing conclusions based on intuition is adequate.

Question 15

If the objectives of a community health program are not met, it does not mean a program is a failure for which of the following reasons?

A) The workers were reimbursed for their time.
B) If a program is evaluated properly, in some sense it has been a success.
C) Some form of care was delivered to the public.
D) At least the implementers tried.

Question 16

Which of the following is the first step in evaluation of a community oral health program?

A) Examine the specific measurable objectives.
B) Evaluate the measurable outcomes.
C) Perform pilot testing.
D) Review the program goals.

Question 17

Approximately what percentage of the states have full-time dental directors who provide leadership and guidance in the planning, funding, and implementation of oral health promotion programs for the residents of the states they serve?

A) 50%
B) 66%
C) 88%
D) 95%

Question 18

Which area of program planning describes how the objectives will be accomplished?

A) Program goals
B) Program objectives
C) Program activities (interventions)
D) Program implementation

Question 19

The community is viewed as the patient in public health, and which of the following can be compared with the evaluation of the patient's treatment?

A) Assessment
B) Planning
C) Implementation
D) Evaluation

Question 20

Which of the following is true of formative evaluation?

A) It involves judging the merit or worth of a program prior to the initiation.
B) It is an attempt to determine whether a fully operational program is meeting the goals for which it was developed.
C) It is an examination of the processes or activities of a program as they are taking place.
D) It measures outcomes and objectives.

Question 21

A federally qualified health center (FQHC) has been designated by the federal government by adhering to regulations pertaining to the scope and quality of health services provided to which of the following segment of the population?

A) Those individuals with a substance abuse problem
B) Anyone, regardless of ability to pay
C) Only those older than 18 years of age
D) Military and ex-military personnel

Question 22

The average number of decayed, missing (because of caries), or filled permanent teeth (DMFT) steadily declined from 1967 to 1992 in the United States because of:

A) improved oral hygiene.
B) populations residing in fluoridated water communities.
C) improvements in the design of toothbrushes.
D) the use of dental floss.

Question 23

At what age should a dental home be established?

A) No later than 12 months
B) At age 3, when all primary teeth have erupted
C) At age 6, when all the first permanent molars are erupting
D) No later than age 12, when most permanent teeth are in place

Question 24

Which of the following is true of a fluoride varnish?

A) It is self-applied by the patient at home.
B) It is intended to be permanent, much like dental sealant.
C) Offers ease of application for people with severe gag reflexes who cannot tolerate tray application.
D) It is self-applied by the patient at home. Offers ease of application for people with severe gag reflexes that cannot tolerate tray application.

Question 25

Most dental educational programs have been implemented for which of the following groups?

A) Children
B) Adolescents
C) Adults
D) The elderly

Question 26

Approximately what percentage of adults (aged 18 to 24) visit a dental office yearly?

A) 28%
B) 45%
C) 62%
D) 83%

Question 27

The mean annual per capita cost is lower in community water fluoridation systems for larger populations than it is for smaller populations. The optimal level for water fluoridation is 7.0 ml F per liter of water regardless of climatic conditions.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

Question 28

Which of the following has been recognized as one of the top 10 public health measures of the twentieth century?

A) Cosmetic bonding
B) Fluoridation of water
C) Silver dental amalgam
D) Porcelain fused to metal crowns

Question 29

Which of the following federal initiatives that provide funding to states administers the Head Start program?

A) Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)
B) Administration for Children and Families (ACF)
C) Children's Health Insurance Plan Reauthorization Act (CHIPRA)
D) Medicaid (Title XIX)

Question 30

Which of the following is true of dental sealants?

A) Little increase of sealant application has occurred among school-aged children in low-income populations.
B) One goal of Healthy People 2010 was to have 90% of children receiving dental sealants on their permanent molars.
C) According to the 1988-1994 baseline data, about 51% of 14-year-old adolescents had dental sealants on their permanent molars.
D) Dental insurance will not reimburse for sealants.

Question 31

The population in need of both primary and secondary prevention and tertiary care is which of the following?

A) Children
B) Adolescents
C) Young adults
D) Older adults

Question 32

Which of the following is the most cost-effective, most practical, and safest means of preventing tooth decay?

A) Dental sealants
B) Regular dental visits
C) Community water fluoridation
D) Fluoride varnish

Question 33

The type of teaching method that encourages active participation is which of the following?

A) Discussion
B) Discovery learning
C) Collaborative and cooperative learning activities
D) Discussion, discovery learning, and collaborative and cooperative learning

Question 34

To reach the Healthy People 2020 goal of increasing the proportion of children who have received dental sealants on their molar teeth, many states have instituted:

A) reimbursement through dental insurance programs.
B) expansion of dental assisting and dental hygiene educational programs.
C) school-based sealant programs (SBSP).
D) educational grants for sealant placement in public health programs.

Question 35

The total population receiving community water fluoridation in 2012 was approximately which of the following?

A) 41.5%
B) 51.5%
C) 61.5%
D) 74.6%

Question 36

Advantages of community water fluoridation over a community-based fluoride supplement program include:

A) reduced need for compliance.
B) lower installation and startup costs.
C) decay prevention and oral health benefits for the entire population.
D) reduced need for compliance and decay prevention and oral health benefits for the entire population.

Question 37

Which of the following is true of an effective health education program?

A) The intent of oral health education is to effectively train on-the-job personnel to provide oral self-care instruction to children.
B) The participant must be actively involved in the learning process.
C) The focus should be on skill acquisition.
D) The participant must be actively involved in the learning process, and the focus should be on skill acquisition.

Question 38

Reasons for the 2015 PHS recommendation that the optimal fluoride level be changed to 0.7 ml F per liter of water regardless of climatic conditions include which of the following?

A) A trend of increasing prevalence of fluorosis where multiple sources of fluoride are available.
B) The controlled climate results in similar water intake across the United States
C) Increase in access to multiple fluoride sources.
D) A trend of increasing prevalence of fluorosis where multiple sources of fluoride are available. The controlled climate results in similar water intake across the United States. Increase in access to multiple fluoride sources.

Question 39

Which of the following is true regarding antifluoridationists?

A) They provide inaccurate and false information to the public.
B) Their arguments against fluoridation do have some merit based on scientific knowledge.
C) They attempt to link adverse health effects with fluoridation.
D) They provide inaccurate and false information to the public and attempt to link adverse health effects with fluoridation.

Question 40

Which of the following offers the benefits of fluoride in a structured environment in communities where a public water source is not available or where community water fluoridation is undesired for various reasons?

A) Fluoridated salt
B) Fluoride supplemented sports drinks
C) School-based fluoride mouth rinse programs
D) Fluoridated chewing gum

Question 41

The Early Head Start program was established in fiscal year 1995 to serve children from birth to what age?

A) 1 year
B) 2 years
C) 3 years
D) 4 years

Question 42

The 2007 Reauthorization of Head Start allows Head Start programs to serve up to what percentage of children whose family income is up to 130% of the federal poverty level (FPL)?

A) 20%
B) 35%
C) 50%
D) 65%

Question 43

Dental hygienists and dental hygiene students interested in working with Head Start programs should contact their ______________________ to determine the level of services presently being offered and how best to organize efforts and get involved.

A) component dental hygiene organization
B) state senator or representative
C) State Dental Hygienists' Association
D) A and C

Question 44

From 1965 until the most recent Head Start Reauthorization in December 2007, eligibility for Head Start services was at or below what percentage of the federal poverty level (FPL)?

A) 40%
B) 60%
C) 80%
D) 100%

Question 45

Head Start agencies receive grant funding directly from the Administration for Children and Families (ACF), and most of these agencies________________.

A) delegate operations
B) directly operate Head Start programs
C) directly operate the program and delegate service delivery
D) maintain central staff only and operate no program directly

Question 46

Head Start primarily serves children of what age?

A) 4 years
B) 6 years
C) 8 years
D) 10 years

Question 47

All Head Start and Early Head Start programs must follow a set of federal program performance standards in which of the following service areas? (Select all that apply.)

A) Child development and health
B) Family and community partnerships
C) Program design and management
D) None of above

Question 48

Head Start and Early Head Start programs are monitored every ________ years to ensure compliance with federal Program Performance Standards.

A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 9

Question 49

During much of the 1990s, which of the following was the number one health issue affecting Head Start programs nationwide?

A) Lack of funding
B) Lack of motivation
C) Poor access to oral health services
D) Poor compliance

Question 50

Which of the following is the most common health defect in Head Start children?

A) Asthma
B) Dental decay
C) Juvenile diabetes
D) Obesity

Question 51

The United States' youngest and poorest children aged 2-4 years old and living below poverty level have nearly _____ times the number of dental caries as children of higher-income families.

A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five

Question 52

Which of the following agencies receives the most Head Start funding?

A) Tribal governments or consortia
B) Private and public nonprofit agencies
C) Government agencies
D) Community action agencies

Question 53

The overall mission of Head Start is to __________________.

A) teach parents to help their children learn
B) ensure that children eat a nutritious breakfast
C) prepare children for school
D) provide transportation for children if needed