Deck 8: Health Promotion and Health Communication

Question 1

Which theory states that understanding people's perceptions is necessary in order to motivate an individual to take preventive action?

A) Social learning theory
B) Diffusion of innovations theory
C) Health Belief Model
D) Organizational change: stage theory

Answer 1

Health Belief Model

Question 2

Which of the following concepts represents the first stage of the stages of change theory?

A) Decision/determination
B) Action
C) Precontemplation
D) Contemplation

Answer 2

Precontemplation

Question 3

Behavior that leads to improved oral health can be affected at three levels-intrapersonal, interpersonal, and which of the following?

A) Community
B) Global
C) Universal
D) Relational

Answer 3

Community

Question 4

Of the following, which method is appropriate for determining, prior to a launch, whether the messages are at the appropriate language and literacy level and culturally acceptable to the intended audience?

A) An audiovisual presentation to the staff
B) Review of the material with local linguistic experts
C) Testing through social media
D) Focus group

Question 5

The evaluation of the communication formats, channels, and materials is vital to which of the following?

A) Ensuring sustainability
B) Establishing reliability
C) Funding
D) Short-term outcomes

Question 6

The Ottawa Charter identifies three basic health promotion strategies: advocacy for health, enabling people to achieve their full health potential, and which of the following?

A) Reducing disparities in the health care delivery system
B) Mediating different societal interests in pursuit of health
C) Removing the barriers that deny access to the health care system
D) Thriving as citizens

Question 7

Increased knowledge will result in meaningful changes in behavior. Health messages that cover a number of concepts reach the greatest number of people.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

Question 8

Which of the following presentation formats is most likely to have limited audience interaction?

A) Poster display
B) Oral paper
C) Round table discussion
D) Panel discussion

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true regarding the view that oral health problems are primarily the patient's problem and that the patient must be educated on how to improve oral health?

A) This approach is doomed to failure because it skips directly to a generic intervention.
B) This approach is recommended because it is a cognitive approach.
C) This approach does not assess or validate the patient's point of view or health beliefs.
D) This approach is doomed to failure because it skips directly to a generic intervention and does not assess or validate the patient's point of view or health beliefs.

Question 10

Which of the following health promotion theories functions at the community level?

A) Stages of change theory
B) Organizational change: stage theory
C) Social learning theory
D) Health Belief Model.

Question 11

The social learning theory posits that people learn primarily in four ways: direct experience, vicarious experience, inferred knowledge, and which of the following?

A) Social pressure to conform
B) Modeling authority figures
C) Judgments voiced by others
D) Desire for new experiences

Question 12

The essential strategic planning steps for effective health communication, in correct order, are which of the following?

A) Analyze and segment the target audience, set communication objectives, review the background information, and develop a promotion plan.
B) Set communication objectives, develop a promotion plan, pretest the message, and conduct an outcome evaluation.
C) Develop a promotion plan, analyze the target audience, pretest the message, and conduct an outcome evaluation.
D) Review the background information, analyze the target audience, develop and pretest message concepts, and develop a promotion plan.

Question 13

Which of the following presentation formats allows for interactive discussion and limited visual presentation, usually limited to 8-10 people?

A) Oral paper
B) Round table discussion
C) Poster display
D) Panel discussion

Question 14

The most effective way to reach individuals to increase their knowledge or to change behavior is which of the following?

A) Send generic messages
B) Use targeted materials
C) Personalize messages
D) Tailor messages

Question 15

Suggestions for overcoming translation barriers include which of the following?

A) Translate materials from English to the needed language.
B) Field test the materials with a variety of members from the intended audience.
C) Use family members to translate technical information.

Question 16

The following scenario is an example of which theory of health promotion?
A church pastor noticed that elders of the church have stopped coming to church suppers because they were mostly edentulous and appeared to be embarrassed. The pastor called the dental school for help, which provided appropriate care, and gradually the elders became comfortable eating and resumed their attendance at the suppers.

A) Diffusion of innovations theory
B) Community organization theory
C) Social learning theory
D) Stages of change theory

Question 17

Which theory assumes that at any point in time everyone is at a different stage of readiness to make lifestyle changes and that people cycle through the various stages over time?

A) Community organization theory
B) Social learning theory
C) Stages of change theory
D) Diffusion of innovations theory

Question 18

Which concept of the diffusion of innovations theory helps us tailor innovation to the intended audience's values, norms, or situation?

A) Relative advantage
B) Compatibility
C) Complexity
D) Observability

Question 19

Which of the following presentation formats is most likely to have a very brief time with an audience?

A) Video presentation
B) Oral paper
C) Round table discussion
D) Poster presentation

Question 20

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health promotion as which of the following?

A) The absence of disease or infirmity
B) The process of empowering (enabling) people and communities to increase their control over various determinants of health and, therefore, to improve their own health
C) Not needing to take medications to survive
D) A personal resource that permits people to lead productive lives

Question 21

Relative advantage is a concept of which of the following theories?

A) Stages of change
B) Diffusion of innovations
C) Health Belief Model
D) Social learning

Question 22

Focus group interviews are conducted with _______ members of the intended target audience and last approximately ________ minutes.

A) 5-10; 10-15
B) 5-10; 30-60
C) 15-30; 10-15
D) 15-30; 30-60

Question 23

According to the Health Belief Model, which of the following is one's opinion of the efficacy of the advised action to reduce risk or seriousness of impact?

A) Perceived severity
B) Perceived susceptibility
C) Perceived benefits
D) Perceived barriers

Question 24

According to the social learning theory, what needs to be done to reinforce self-efficacy?

A) Provide information and training about action.
B) Point out strengths, use persuasion and encouragement, and approach behavioral change in small steps.
C) Point out others' experiences and physical changes and identify role models to emulate.
D) Involve the individual and relevant others and work to change the environment, if warranted.

Question 25

Empowerment is a key facet of which of the following health promotion theories?

A) Community organization theory
B) Organizational change: stage theory
C) Diffusion of innovations theory
D) Stages of change theory