Deck 5: Seciton 2: the First Two Years: Biosocial Development

Question 1

The six outer layers of the brain, involved in feeling, thinking, and sensing, are referred to as the _____.

Answer 1

cortex

Question 2

Flickering of the closed eyes and rapid brain waves are characteristics of the sleep cycle known as _____.

Answer 2

REM (rapid eye movement)

Question 3

The process of brain development that involves the atrophy and death of connections that are not being used is called _____.

Answer 3

pruning

Question 4

The own-race effect refers to babies' superior skill at differentiating faces from their own_____.

Question 5

The fiber that extends from a neuron and transmits electrochemical impulses from that neuron to the dendrites of other neurons is called a(n) _____.

Question 6

_____ are used to interpret variations in the norms of children's growth.

Question 7

The brain of a _____ is 25 percent of the size of an adult's, and therefore disproportionately large.

Question 8

_____ refers to infants' inborn ability to remedy deficits in their environments in order to promote their own brains' development.

Question 9

Temporarily rapid growth of dendrites is referred to as _____.

Question 10

The nervous system is made up of nerve cells called _____.

Question 11

A(n) _____ is the intersection where the axon of one neuron meets the dendrites of other neurons.

Question 12

The part of the brain that seems dedicated to the perception of faces is the _____ area.

Question 13

A dozing, half-awake newborn is experiencing _____ sleep.

Question 14

The last area of the brain to mature is the _____.

Question 15

Between 12 and 24 months, growth takes place at a _____ rate than in the first year.

Question 16

_____ is a life-threatening injury that occurs when an infant is forcefully shaken, since this motion ruptures blood vessels in the brain and breaks neural connections.

Question 17

The tendency of brain development to be protected, even when temporary factors affect the body's growth, is referred to as _____.

Question 18

Infants typically double their birth weight by the _____ month of life.

Question 19

An infant who is deprived of varied stimulation is missing out on some _____ circumstances.

Question 20

_____ are the brain chemicals that carry information across the synaptic gap between neurons.

Question 21

Sensation occurs when a sensory system detects a stimulus; _____ occurs when the brain processes this sensory information.

Question 22

A toddler in a country affected by famine suffers from a protein-calorie deficiency that causes the disease _____.

Question 23

Physical abilities that involve large body movements are _____ skills.

Question 24

A 6-month-old girl living in a country affected by famine suffers from a protein-calorie deficiency that causes the disease _____.

Question 25

The single most important cause of improvement in child survival in the twentieth century is _____.

Question 26

Newborns spend quite a lot of time in rapid eye movement sleep. Such sleep is associated with _____.

Question 27

Three-month-old Eva is at reduced risk for developing obesity, allergies, and asthma because she is fed _____.

Question 28

In Malik's family, infants sleep beside their parents in a practice known as _____.

Question 29

Vision is the _____ mature of the five senses at birth.

Question 30

Cross-modal perception is more common among young infants because of the relative _____ of their brains.

Question 31

When breast milk and cow's milk are compared, _____ milk is found to contain more antibodies against disease.

Question 32

The three factors that combine to allow toddlers to walk are muscle strength, _____, and brain maturation within the motor cortex.

Question 33

A child's five senses further three goals: social interaction, comfort, and _____.

Question 34

Widespread immunization eradicated _____, the most lethal disease for children.

Question 35

_____ appears to be an effective pain reliever for newborns.

Question 36

Breast milk's balance of nutrients is ideal for _____ and healthy brain development.

Question 37

The ability to use both eyes together to focus on an object is called _____ vision.

Question 38

The fetus's sense of hearing develops during the _____ trimester of pregnancy.

Question 39

The body part with the most advanced fine motor skills is the _____.

Question 40

Worldwide, at least _____ children were born between 1950 and 2010.

Question 41

The "Back to Sleep" campaign has cut the rate of _____ dramatically.