Deck 22: Seciton 3: Adulthood: Psychosocial Development

Question 1

What is one of Erikson's stages of adulthood?

A) trust versus mistrust
B) initiative versus guilt
C) generativity versus stagnation
D) industry versus inferiority

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Ronald seems to thrive on changing jobs, is artistic, and likes to try new things. He would be rated high on the personality dimension called _____.

A) extroversion
B) openness
C) neuroticism
D) sociability

Answer 2

B

Question 3

According to the text, middle age, if it exists _____.

A) is a time of crisis
B) occurs around age 40
C) could begin at 35 or 50
D) is a more negative stage for men than women

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Chris is high in extroversion and therefore will probably _____.

A) be likely to get a divorce
B) have a life that is in constant flux
C) become a librarian or a safety inspector
D) get married

Question 5

Those who know her describe Matilda as a kind, helpful, and easygoing person. She is high on which of the Big Five traits?

A) agreeableness
B) neuroticism
C) openness
D) conscientiousness

Question 6

Adults choose their _____ by selecting neighborhoods, mates, hobbies, and careers at least in part based on their personality traits.

A) ecological niche
B) kinkeeper
C) Big 5
D) social convoy

Question 7

Samuel is moody, anxious, and self-punishing. Samuel is high in _____.

A) openness
B) extroversion
C) conscientiousness
D) neuroticism

Question 8

How many stages of development did Abraham Maslow describe?

A) three
B) five
C) seven
D) 10

Question 9

Although Erikson's stages of psychosocial development are sequential, the search for identity that begins in the stage of identity versus role confusion _____.

A) is ongoing throughout adulthood
B) ends with the stage of intimacy versus isolation
C) ends with the stage of generativity versus stagnation
D) comes to fruition only after the stage of integrity versus despair

Question 10

People in Maslow's third level on the hierarchy of needs seek _____.

A) self-actualization
B) safety
C) generativity
D) love and belonging

Question 11

The Big Five personality traits _____.

A) are present in highly varying degrees throughout much of adulthood
B) apply only to people living in North America
C) first become obvious in preschool children
D) are apparent in every culture and era

Question 12

The theorist who proposed the idea that individuals continue to develop into adulthood was _____.

A) Freud
B) Erikson
C) Skinner
D) Vygotsky

Question 13

Research has shown that the _____-a period of unusual anxiety, reexamination, and transformation during middle adulthood-has more to do with historical circumstances than actual age.

A) cohort bridge
B) ecological niche
C) gender trajectory
D) midlife crisis

Question 14

A man who changes jobs frequently, moves often, and always seems happier because of such changes is likely to be high in _____.

A) conscientiousness
B) openness
C) neuroticism
D) extroversion

Question 15

Susan's grandmother, at age 80, is engaged in the personal journey of connecting her life with the historical and cultural purpose of human society. The grandmother is in which of Erikson's psychosocial stages?

A) identity versus role confusion
B) industry versus inferiority
C) generativity versus stagnation
D) integrity versus despair

Question 16

Davetta is very organized and self-disciplined. She conforms easily to standards set for her performance at work. She is high on which of the Big Five traits?

A) agreeableness
B) openness
C) conscientiousness
D) extroversion

Question 17

A person who has many of the personality traits associated with extroversion would be described as _____.

A) depressed and anxious
B) active and outgoing
C) open and receptive
D) creative and intelligent

Question 18

Which statement about middle age is TRUE?

A) It is a time of severe emotional crisis.
B) There are very few changes at midlife.
C) Changes do not necessarily cluster around age 40.
D) It always begins at age 40.

Question 19

Which is NOT one of the Big Five personality traits?

A) selflessness
B) openness
C) extraversion
D) agreeableness

Question 20

People choose a particular lifestyle and social context, or _____, because it is compatible with their personality traits.

A) ecological niche
B) environmental fit
C) adult community
D) adaptable environment

Question 21

Which of the following has not been associated with adult personality?

A) income
B) history
C) local norms
D) geography

Question 22

How has the Internet impacted friendships and relationships with consequential strangers?

A) It has strengthened close friendships and decreased the number of consequential strangers.
B) It has weakened friendships and decreased the number of consequential strangers.
C) It has weakened friendships and increased the number of consequential strangers.
D) It has strengthened friendships and increased the number of consequential strangers.

Question 23

A study of 7,578 adults in seven nations found that physical separation between parents and adult children _____.

A) weakened family ties
B) created conflict between parents and the adult children
C) strengthened the relationships between parents and adult children
D) caused parents to spend more time and resources supporting adult children

Question 24

Which statement about personality is accurate?

A) There is only empirical evidence that personality is innate.
B) Genes are the only influence on adult personality.
C) Adult personality can be influenced by context.
D) Geography does not influence adult personality.

Question 25

People who are not in a person's closest convoy but who still have an effect on the person's life by providing information, support, or new ideas are known as _____.

A) intimate strangers
B) intimate friends
C) consequential strangers
D) consequential friends

Question 26

Jeremy was reared in several foster homes and never knew his parents. When he started working with Kent, he became close to Kent's family to the point where they fondly referred to him as "our newfound son." The family has "adopted" Jeremy as _____.

A) surrogate sibling
B) foster son
C) kindred brother
D) fictive kin

Question 27

According to a study in the U.S., which population scored highest in openness?

A) West Virginians
B) New Mexicans
C) New Yorkers
D) North Dakotans

Question 28

Getting married, having children, and living in separate residences increases the likelihood of _____ sibling relationships in adulthood.

A) improving
B) straining
C) ambivalent
D) ending

Question 29

As people age, their friendships tend to _____.

A) dissipate
B) fade
C) stagnate
D) improve

Question 30

Statistically, who is likely to have the MOST stable personality?

A) a 5-year-old boy
B) a 14-year-old girl
C) a 23-year-old man
D) a 35-year-old woman

Question 31

Which personality trait tends to increase with age?

A) extroversion
B) openness
C) agreeableness
D) neuroticism

Question 32

How do consequential strangers differ from friends?

A) They include people from a wider variety of faiths, ethnic groups, ages, and political opinions.
B) They include only people of the same religion, ethnic group, age, or political opinion.
C) They do not play a role in a person's daily life activities.
D) Unlike a friend, consequential strangers know nothing about a person.

Question 33

Randy moved across the country to advance his career. Though he moved alone, he soon developed a group of coworkers and friends who became like a family to him. They served as his _____.

A) kinkeeper
B) fictive kin
C) social convoy
D) clique

Question 34

An acquaintance who is not a friend but still has an impact on an adult's life is called a(n) _____.

A) social convoy
B) kinkeeper
C) consequential stranger
D) fictive kin

Question 35

When Rob graduated from college, he found a good job, a nice apartment, and made new friends. Now, three years later, he has been laid off from his work and he has moved back into his parents' home. Statistically, Rob will likely _____.

A) feel comfortable staying with his parents
B) feel uncomfortable staying with his parents
C) report tension in his relationship with his parents
D) find that his parents are more nurturing

Question 36

The group of people that moves through life with an individual while providing both protection and encouragement is called a _____.

A) familial collection
B) social convoy
C) fictive kin
D) support network

Question 37

Individuals who are accepted into a family that is not their legal or biological family are called _____.

A) fictive kin
B) kinkeepers
C) social convoys
D) generative allies

Question 38

With increasing age, the trait of neuroticism tends to _____.

A) transform into extroversion
B) increase
C) decrease
D) remain stable

Question 39

Who is more likely to be depressed as an adult?

A) Alice, who has a good job and is financially comfortable.
B) Dora, who has a good groups of friends who provide her with emotional support.
C) Peg, who is unemployed and is emotionally and financially supported by her friends.
D) Kate, who is unemployed and is emotionally and financially supported by her parents.

Question 40

How does the relationship between siblings typically change from adolescence to adulthood?

A) The relationship improves if the siblings are of the same gender.
B) The relationship improves for brothers but not for sisters.
C) The relationship tends to grow more distant.
D) The relationship tends to become closer.

Question 41

After children have grown, MOST couples find that _____.

A) their financial strains are overwhelming
B) their relationships improve
C) there are more fights over equity in domestic work
D) less time is spent in shared activities

Question 42

About _____ of all U.S. marriages are remarriages for at least one partner.

A) a quarter
B) a third
C) half
D) two-thirds

Question 43

Couples who cohabit due to convenience are _____.

A) as happy as couples who cohabit with the intent to marry
B) happier than couples who marry
C) said to be "living apart together"
D) less likely to have a happy marriage

Question 44

Rates of remarriage are highest for those who _____.

A) have infants
B) have teenage children
C) are of the lowest SES
D) have the most education

Question 45

At least initially, remarriage brings which conditions?

A) poorer health
B) financial insecurity
C) better health
D) the same level of happiness as in the first marriage

Question 46

Research indicates that remarried people initially restore all of the following EXCEPT _____.

A) intimacy
B) health
C) previous friendships
D) financial security

Question 47

Manuel and Rosa have been married for nearly 30 years. Their youngest child left home six months ago. If they are typical, the quality of their marriage should _____.

A) remain constant, no different than earlier years
B) worsen since there are no children to act as buffers
C) be tumultuous since they had grown apart over the years
D) improve since they have more time to spend together

Question 48

Approximately what proportion of divorces terminates an abusive or destructive relationship?

A) one-quarter
B) one-third
C) one-half
D) three-quarters

Question 49

A long-term committed partnership correlates with health and happiness throughout adulthood and late adulthood. For most people, then, _____ is the crucial aspect of love in a partnership.

A) intimacy
B) infatuation
C) commitment
D) passion

Question 50

What proportion of all first marriages end in divorce?

A) one-eighth
B) one-third
C) two-thirds
D) three-quarters

Question 51

Current objective research data from a large, randomly selected sample of same-sex partners is _____.

A) not yet available
B) available for specific areas in the United States
C) inconclusive about trends
D) available for indicators dealing with income and career status only

Question 52

Of adults born before 1940, what percentage got married?

A) 10
B) 33
C) 50
D) 96

Question 53

Lena and Gregory are both 30 years old and hold graduate degrees. They are about to get married. They will be all of the following compared to their never-married counterparts EXCEPT for _____.

A) richer
B) happier
C) healthier
D) calmer

Question 54

Committed partners who maintain separate homes but function as a committed couple are said to be _____.

A) living apart together
B) residing in an empty nest
C) avoiding marriage
D) consequential strangers

Question 55

All of Paulo and Geneva's children have moved out, started families, and are working on their careers. According to the text, Paulo and Geneva's home is now a(n) _____.

A) haven of quiet
B) empty nest
C) lonely cavern
D) house of mirrors

Question 56

According to Erikson, the developmental crisis that occurs after intimacy versus isolation is _____.

A) initiative versus guilt
B) identity versus role confusion
C) generativity versus stagnation
D) integrity versus despair

Question 57

After the children are grown, most married couples _____.

A) spend longer hours at work
B) dislike being "empty-nesters"
C) have adequate time for their relationship
D) see little of each other

Question 58

Evelyn divorced three years ago. Upon remarriage, Evelyn is likely to experience a decrease in _____.

A) intimacy
B) health
C) depression
D) friendships

Question 59

One of the MOST influential factors in divorce is _____.

A) the years of education completed by each spouse
B) whether the couple owns a home
C) whether it is a first or subsequent marriage
D) whether the couple has children

Question 60

Research finds that women typically suffer from divorce more than men do, but that many divorced men experience _____.

A) difficulty meeting new women
B) increased loneliness
C) unresolved anger over the breakup
D) increased financial challenges

Question 61

After nearly 20 years with his company, Mike's job was outsourced. He wants his new job to offer not only a good wage but also job satisfaction and a sense of accomplishment. He is focused on the _____ of work.

A) status
B) extrinsic rewards
C) secondary gains
D) intrinsic rewards

Question 62

Employment is _____ adult psychosocial health.

A) absolutely necessary for
B) not a key part of
C) one factor contributing to
D) rarely a positive contributor to

Question 63

In a typical family, the kinkeeper is MOST apt to be _____.

A) a young adult son
B) a middle-aged father
C) the first grandchild
D) a middle-aged mother

Question 64

The youngest of Zach and Tuila's three children has just started kindergarten. They have had to change their morning and bedtime routines, child care arrangements, discipline practices, and the family's income has suffered as a result of this shift, yet Zach and Tuila are happy to make these changes for their children. These changes reflect the fact that _____.

A) Zach and Tuila do not know enough about parenting
B) their children must be especially difficult
C) Zach and Tuila are trying too hard to please their children
D) Zach and Tuila are demonstrating generativity

Question 65

According to Erikson, when individuals are productive in an unselfish and caring way, they are demonstrating _____.

A) autonomy
B) generativity
C) diffusion
D) altruism

Question 66

The primary form that generativity takes is _____.

A) being guided by the younger generation
B) establishing and guiding the next generation
C) belonging to a religious organization
D) volunteering in the community

Question 67

Secure bonds can develop between a child and an adoptive parent when the children are older (ages 4 to 7), especially if the mother had a(n) _____ attachment to her own mother.

A) secure
B) anxious-resistant
C) anxious-avoidant
D) disorganized

Question 68

According to Erikson, an adult's failure to achieve generativity results in _____.

A) intermittent feelings of loneliness
B) stagnation and personal impoverishment
C) childlessness and depression
D) difficulties in mate selection or friendship

Question 69

When young people are first entering the workforce and establishing themselves in their careers, what do they tend to consider as the most important?

A) intrinsic rewards
B) extrinsic rewards
C) pride
D) pension

Question 70

Mel is a retired stockbroker who enjoys tutoring children at the local YMCA after school. He is demonstrating the psychosocial stage of _____.

A) generativity versus stagnation
B) integrity versus despair
C) identity versus role confusion
D) industry versus inferiority

Question 71

After a recent divorce, Cheryl is entering the workforce after many years off. As a single parent with three children, she needs a livable wage, good benefits, and a retirement plan. She is focused on the _____ of work.

A) intrinsic rewards
B) self-fulfilling prophecy
C) extrinsic rewards
D) secondary gains

Question 72

Sam and Claire are in their 80s. They consistently vote against any member of Congress who may cut their Medicare benefits. At the same time, they do not want Medicare benefits extended to members of younger generations because they fear that doing so will bankrupt the nation. The reason they think this way is MOST likely due to their _____.

A) selfishness
B) risk aversion
C) dementia
D) familism

Question 73

People tend to display their wealth as a way of asserting their _____.

A) independence
B) mood
C) status
D) job

Question 74

The average new stepchild in a family is _____ years old.

A) 3
B) 6
C) 9
D) 12

Question 75

Emily is her family's kinkeeper. This means that she assumes responsibility for _____.

A) the financial stability of the family
B) caring for her grandchildren while their parents work
C) gathering the family for holidays and disseminating information
D) regularly visiting family members who live in care homes

Question 76

According to research, which statement about the "sandwich generation" is TRUE?

A) Many adults do not feel burdened by their responsibilities.
B) It describes the reality of most middle-aged adult women's lives.
C) It conveys the financial strain adults often experience when caring for elderly parents.
D) It communicates the degree to which older adults care for their younger kin.

Question 77

In foster parent families, what type of bond is better for both the parent and the child?

A) replacement
B) loving
C) distant
D) friendly

Question 78

Approximately what proportion of adults in North America become stepparents, foster parents, or adoptive parents?

A) one-eighth
B) one-fourth
C) one-third
D) one-half

Question 79

Since they are called on to help both the older and younger generations of the family, middle-aged adults have been called the _____.

A) midlife generation
B) family caregivers
C) kinkeepers
D) sandwich generation

Question 80

Common ways to be generative include caregiving, employment, and _____.

A) goal-setting exercises
B) financial security
C) parenthood
D) travel