Deck 20: Seciton 3: Adulthood: Biosocial Development

Question 1

Which vision change is NOT associated with aging?

A) longer adjustment time to darkness
B) decreasing farsightedness
C) slowed motion perception
D) peripheral vision decreases

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In an aging brain _____.

A) neurons fire faster
B) reaction time lengthens
C) brain size increases
D) multitasking becomes easier

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Most adults are not aware of senescence until about age 60 or so due to _____.

A) denial
B) homeostasis
C) increasing neurons
D) dementia

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Marie is 50 years old. Which activity is likely most difficult for her to do?

A) read a book
B) cook dinner
C) talk to a friend
D) dance a waltz

Question 5

The first visible signs of senescence are usually observed in a person's _____.

A) gait
B) posture
C) skin
D) eyes

Question 6

Which individual is most at risk for significant brain loss by age 65?

A) Kevin, who jogs 3 miles five days a week
B) Hank, who drinks five beers per day
C) Oswald, who has normal blood pressure
D) Jerome, who watches three hours of TV a day

Question 7

What are the odds that a person will inherit the dominant gene for Alzheimer disease?

A) 1 in 1,000
B) 10 in 1,000
C) 50 in 1,000
D) 100 in 1,000

Question 8

At a recent physical exam, Janet was told that she is an inch shorter than she was five years ago at age 60. What caused her decrease in height?

A) hereditary height shrinkage
B) lack of calcium in her diet
C) age-related compression of the spine
D) effects of medication

Question 9

Harold, who is 55 years old, didn't realize how much his physical appearance had changed until he saw a picture of himself taken 20 years ago. Harold's gradual change in physical appearance was due to _____.

A) senescence
B) homeostasis
C) organ reserve
D) allostasis

Question 10

If he is typical, a 45-year-old man will probably state that he feels _____ his chronological age.

A) significantly older than
B) exactly
C) half
D) 5 to 10 years younger than

Question 11

Patricia is in her early 60s and can pick flowers for hours, but can only lift the heavy rocks in her garden for a few minutes. Her inability to lift the rocks for longer is due to a reduction in _____.

A) type I muscle fibers
B) type II muscle fibers
C) height
D) weight

Question 12

A group of friends, all about 60 years of age, are playing cards. What characteristic of senescence do they MOST likely have in common?

A) They are unable to drive.
B) Their faces have wrinkles.
C) They wear hearing aids.
D) They are nearsighted.

Question 13

Severe brain loss that occurs before late adulthood could be caused by any of these factors EXCEPT _____.

A) poor circulation
B) genes
C) senescence
D) drug abuse

Question 14

Before the age of 65, _____ percent of individuals experience significant brain loss.

A) 1
B) 5
C) 8
D) 15

Question 15

Middle-aged Robert and his adolescent son are sitting at the table reading the newspaper. Robert is holding his section of the newspaper rather far from his eyes. His son asks, "Dad, why are you holding the paper so far away? If I held it that far away I could not read anything!" Robert replies, "I think it is because I am developing _____."

A) nearsightedness
B) farsightedness
C) presbycusis
D) macular degeneration

Question 16

Janice, who is 55 years old, needed to get three projects done by the end of the week at work. When she was younger she would have worked on all three projects more or less at the same time. Now that she is older, however, Janice needs to work on one project at a time. Janice's current inability to multitask is due to changes in her _____.

A) vision
B) flexibility
C) brain
D) expertise

Question 17

Once a person has reached adulthood, oxygen dispersal into the bloodstream from the lungs drops about 4 percent _____.

A) each year
B) every 5 years
C) each decade
D) each day

Question 18

In middle adulthood, a person is MOST apt to lose _____.

A) a significant amount of weight
B) nearly an inch in height
C) the ability to run more than a mile
D) the ability to experience orgasm

Question 19

Which physical change does NOT typically occur in middle adulthood?

A) Hair thins and some gray hairs start to show.
B) Skin-especially on the face-has lines or wrinkles.
C) Muscles weaken and waistline widens.
D) The space between the spinal disks widens.

Question 20

Adulthood covers the four decades of life between ages _____ and _____.

A) 15; 55
B) 25; 65
C) 35; 75
D) 45; 85

Question 21

Which statement is true for people of both genders as they age with respect to the sexual-reproduction system?

A) Sexual responses come quicker.
B) Sex hormone levels increase.
C) Reproduction becomes less likely.
D) Fertility is increased.

Question 22

A significant loss of hearing associated with senescence is referred to as _____.

A) tinnitus
B) glaucoma
C) presbycusis
D) macular degeneration

Question 23

Approximately 12 percent of U.S. couples are _____.

A) infertile
B) celibate
C) unfaithful
D) same-sex

Question 24

What experience is least likely to be associated with hearing loss?

A) working a job in construction
B) attending a rock concert
C) watching television
D) listening to music through headphones

Question 25

A woman from _____ is most likely to choose the birth control bill for contraception.

A) France
B) India
C) Japan
D) Bangladesh

Question 26

George is 65 years old and is experiencing some symptoms of age-related hearing loss. If he is typical for his age, which sound would be the LEAST audible for him?

A) a low, bass beat
B) music on headphones
C) ringing in the ears
D) the voice of a small child

Question 27

During the past 50 years, advances in medicine have solved about half of all _____.

A) age-related diseases
B) fertility problems
C) sexually transmitted infections
D) birth control side effects

Question 28

At what age is an individual likely to experience the slowest sexual arousal?

A) 18 years old
B) 30 years old
C) 45 years old
D) 60 years old

Question 29

Harvey recently lost his job. What impact might this have on Harvey's sexual desire?

A) He will experience an increased sexual desire.
B) He will experience a decreased sexual desire.
C) He will experience an erratic sexual desire.
D) There will be no impact on his sexual desire.

Question 30

From a purely biological perspective, women should try to conceive before age _____ and men before age _____.

A) 20; 25
B) 25; 30
C) 30; 35
D) 35; 40

Question 31

In the United States, almost two-thirds of sexually active women over age _____ are sterilized.

A) 20
B) 25
C) 30
D) 35

Question 32

Infertility is often defined as being unable to conceive after _____ months of trying to get pregnant.

A) 3
B) 6
C) 9
D) 12

Question 33

Statistically, which female has the MOST acute hearing?

A) Kara Lyn, who is 10 years old
B) Penny, who is 18 years old
C) Edelia, who is 21 years old
D) Roxanna, who is 25 years old

Question 34

One study found that, on average, sexual intercourse stopped at age _____ for women and _____ for men.

A) 45; 50
B) 50; 55
C) 55; 60
D) 60; 65

Question 35

Which of the following pregnant women is most likely to experience birth complications?

A) Elaine, age 20
B) Jasmine, age 28
C) Marla, age 36
D) Vera, age 44

Question 36

In approximately _____ of cases, the cause of a couple's infertility can be traced to the man.

A) one-third
B) one-half
C) two-thirds
D) three-quarters

Question 37

Malek is 45 years old. Research indicates that it will take him approximately _____ times as many months to impregnate a woman than it would have when he was 20 years younger.

A) two
B) five
C) eight
D) eleven

Question 38

A research study from the early 1990s found that middle-aged men and women in committed, monogamous relationships are MOST likely to be _____ with their sex lives.

A) extremely satisfied
B) satisfied
C) dissatisfied
D) extremely dissatisfied

Question 39

A study of women in the United States aged 40 and older found that _____.

A) sexual activity and satisfaction increased each decade
B) sexual activity and satisfaction decreased each decade
C) sexual activity increased each decade but satisfaction did not
D) sexual activity decreased each decade but satisfaction did not

Question 40

A couple has been trying to conceive a child for 12 months. They decided to consult a doctor about their inability to conceive. After several tests, the doctor suggests that perhaps they will need to use _____ because of a low sperm count.

A) natural methods
B) arranged reproductive technology
C) assisted reproductive technology
D) alternative medical technology

Question 41

Avery is 50 years old and is experiencing vaginal dryness, hot flashes, hot flushes, and cold sweats. She is most likely entering _____.

A) menopause
B) andropause
C) depression
D) IVF

Question 42

In the United States, which individual's insurance is most likely to cover the cost of assisted reproductive technology?

A) Pauline, who has public medical insurance
B) Bree, who has company-sponsored medical insurance
C) Alexia, who has disability insurance
D) Aimee, who has federal military medical insurance

Question 43

Examining worldwide trends in smoking shows that smoking _____.

A) is increasing worldwide, including in North America
B) is a habit for almost half of the adults in Poland and Switzerland
C) trends have remained the same for the past 10 years
D) is increasing more among men than women in developing nations

Question 44

All smoking diseases are _____.

A) dose and duration sensitive
B) decreasing worldwide
C) destructive only to the lungs and respiratory system
D) less likely to affect African Americans

Question 45

The average age of menopause is about _____ years.

A) 40
B) 45
C) 51
D) 60

Question 46

Which individual is least likely to smoke during adulthood?

A) Herman, from Germany
B) Uke, from Holland
C) Julian, from Canada
D) Marco, from Spain

Question 47

Which psychoactive substance is a 30-year-old most likely to use?

A) marijuana
B) cocaine
C) heroine
D) methamphetamine

Question 48

The diseases and chronic conditions associated with aging _____.

A) are inevitable, regardless of individuals' routines and habits
B) may be slightly modified by individuals' routines and habits
C) may have delayed onset due to individuals' routines and habits
D) may be strongly affected by individuals' routines and habits

Question 49

One of the effects of drinking alcohol, in moderation, is _____.

A) a reduction in coronary heart disease risk
B) increased risk of breast cancer
C) increased risk of liver disease
D) premature death

Question 50

At a recent doctor's visit, Ted's doctor informed him that he is at an age when he is likely to experience lower testosterone levels. Ted was informed that, due to lower testosterone levels, he could experience a reduction in all of the following EXCEPT _____.

A) sexual desire
B) muscle mass
C) erections
D) hair loss

Question 51

In vitro fertilization (IVF), an assisted reproductive technology (ART), has resulted in an estimated _____ million births.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20

Question 52

Women experience menopause; men experience _____.

A) testeropause
B) libidopause
C) andropause
D) spermatopause

Question 53

About _____ percent of the lung cancer deaths worldwide, and _____ percent in industrialized nations, are caused by cigarettes.

A) 40; 60
B) 50; 70
C) 60; 80
D) 70; 90

Question 54

The term andropause, or "male menopause," is sometimes used to refer to _____.

A) the sudden loss in fertility in a middle-aged man
B) the sudden drop in testosterone that generally occurs at about age 50
C) the age-related reduction in testosterone
D) impotence as a reaction to a wife's menopause

Question 55

A drop in sex hormones in a woman's bloodstream along with cessation of ovulation and menstruation signals _____.

A) menopause
B) andropause
C) cancer
D) a need for assisted reproductive technology

Question 56

Which statement about hormone replacement therapy is true?

A) It involves replacing testosterone that naturally declines with age.
B) Research on its use has yielded consistent findings.
C) Some findings may have been affected by SES.
D) It increases the risk of osteoporosis.

Question 57

In controlled longitudinal studies, the U.S. Women's Health Initiative found that taking estrogen and progesterone _____ the risk of heart disease, stroke, and breast cancer.

A) increased
B) decreased
C) eliminated
D) had no impact on

Question 58

Which of the following psychoactive substances may be associated with increased use during adulthood?

A) marijuana
B) prescription medications
C) heroine
D) methamphetamine

Question 59

As Tom helped himself to a fourth beer, he announced to everyone at the barbecue that alcohol is healthy in moderation. How does the text define "moderation"?

A) one drink per day
B) two drinks per day
C) three drinks per day
D) three drinks per week

Question 60

Research studies on alcohol use have shown that _____.

A) alcohol use of any kind is dangerous to health
B) alcohol raises levels of "bad" cholesterol in the blood
C) moderate use of alcohol may increase longevity
D) alcohol abuse is most common during adolescence

Question 61

Which country has the highest rate of individuals diagnosed with diabetes?

A) the United States
B) Mexico
C) the United Kingdom
D) Canada

Question 62

Worldwide, women live _____ years longer than men, but there is variation from place to place.

A) 4
B) 6
C) 8
D) 10

Question 63

Currently in the United States, _____ of adults are overweight.

A) one-third
B) one-half
C) two-thirds
D) three-quarters

Question 64

After hearing test results from her doctor, Janice realized her weight was really impacting her health. With respect to the process of changing a habit, what step is Janice at?

A) awareness
B) denial
C) maintenance
D) planning

Question 65

_____ usually refers to the number of deaths each year per 100,000 members of a given population.

A) Mortality
B) Morbidity
C) Disability
D) Vitality

Question 66

Roger wants to be more physically active. His friend knows the research on what helps adults be more active and suggests that Roger _____.

A) move to a neighborhood with walking paths and sidewalks
B) reduce the number of hours he works
C) join a gym with an expensive membership fee so he will feel guilty if he does not go to the gym
D) donate $10.00 to a local charity for each day that he does not exercise

Question 67

What global trend is evident with regard to alcohol?

A) Affluent nations have more abstainers and abusers than low-income nations.
B) Affluent nations have more heavy drinkers than low-income nations.
C) Low-income nations have more abstainers and abusers than affluent nations.
D) Low-income nations have more moderate drinkers than affluent nations.

Question 68

Implementation is quitting a habit according to a plan. Implementation is most successful when a person _____.

A) implements a plan without telling anyone
B) implements a plan on one's own
C) works on one habit at a time
D) is in denial that there is a problem

Question 69

Lena began a plan to quit smoking shortly before losing her job. However, in the midst of the financial and personal turmoil of her job loss, she abandoned her efforts and bought more cigarettes. This is an example of _____.

A) attention myopia
B) implementation
C) poor planning
D) motivational forgetting

Question 70

What is one crucial factor for success at the "implementation" stage of breaking a habit?

A) social support
B) trying to tackle more than one habit at a time
C) breaking the habit on one's own
D) not telling anyone of the date or the plan for change

Question 71

The process of changing a habit is long and multi-stepped. What is the first step in this process?

A) awareness
B) denial
C) maintenance
D) planning

Question 72

What is the term for the phenomenon that happens when a person's resolve to break a habit fades when faced with stress?

A) attention myopia
B) stressor
C) allostatic load
D) motivational forgetting

Question 73

Marissa has a BMI of 40. She would be classified as _____.

A) underweight
B) overweight
C) obese
D) morbidly obese

Question 74

Regular exercise helps adults in all these ways EXCEPT _____.

A) eliminating the impact of tobacco use
B) reducing the risk of depression
C) protecting against many diseases
D) strengthening the heart

Question 75

Jim, who is 60, couldn't understand why he kept slowly gaining weight. He was eating the same amount of food that he had each day since he was 20 and he got regular exercise. What could explain his weight gain?

A) His metabolism had slowed down.
B) He is likely very ill; this situation is very unusual.
C) He really wasn't gaining weight; his height was decreasing.
D) He overate due to regular exercise.

Question 76

Eve is considered obese because she _____.

A) snacks several times a day
B) has a BMI of 30 or more
C) consumes foods that are high in cholesterol
D) diets often, but always gains back the weight

Question 77

Research has found that between the ages of 20 and 60 _____.

A) every extra pound is a health hazard
B) it is okay to be overweight as long as one is not obese
C) metabolism slows down by about a third
D) adults need to consume more calories

Question 78

The "Mediterranean" diet has been shown to protect against heart disease without adding weight. If Al were to eat a Mediterranean diet he would eat all of the following EXCEPT _____.

A) fish
B) olive oil
C) vegetables
D) beef

Question 79

Which statement about gastric bypass surgery in obese adults is FALSE?

A) Death rates without it are higher for morbidly obese adults.
B) About 10 percent of patients will require additional surgery.
C) Such surgery decreases the need for life-changing habits.
D) The surgery causes dramatic weight loss.

Question 80

What percentage of adults in the United States and England get at least 30 minutes per day of exercise?

A) more than 80
B) less than 1
C) more than 40
D) less than 5