Deck 16: Seciton 3: Adolescence: Psychosocial Development

Question 1

Harold readily adopted his parent's political beliefs without question. Happy and secure, he enjoys participating in political events with his parents. His identity status reflects _____.

A) diffusion
B) achievement
C) foreclosure
D) moratorium

Answer 1

C

Question 2

According to Erikson, adolescents are in the stage of _____.

A) identity versus role confusion
B) intimacy versus isolation
C) independence versus neediness
D) integration versus separation

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In the United States, one way for some to legitimatize an identity moratorium is to _____.

A) go to college
B) get married
C) have a baby
D) smoke marijuana

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Mary is an adolescent. According to Erikson, her new identity will be established by choosing _____.

A) an appropriate adult "hero figure"
B) values and goals opposite to the destructive identities of media stars
C) to embrace some parental and societal values while abandoning others
D) one sexual role and sticking with it, regardless of the consequences

Question 5

Psychosocial development during adolescence involves the search for a(n) _____.

A) soul mate
B) career
C) set of behaviors to please others
D) understanding of oneself

Question 6

An example of a behavior that demonstrates identity foreclosure is _____.

A) dropping out of high school
B) choosing a different career path than what parents wanted
C) being eager to vote
D) working in the family business because it is expected

Question 7

When a person adopts parents' or society's roles and values without questioning and exploring a personal identity, it is referred to as identity _____.

A) moratorium
B) foreclosure
C) diffusion
D) achievement

Question 8

According to Erikson, the ultimate adolescent psychosocial goal is identity _____.

A) diffusion
B) achievement
C) foreclosure
D) moratorium

Question 9

Angel's parents wanted him to be part of the family business-and Angel planned to do so. Then, at age 21, he decided to leave the business to study to be a lawyer. Angel resisted _____.

A) identity foreclosure
B) forced conversion
C) role repudiation
D) negative identity

Question 10

According to Erikson, the goal of adolescence is to _____.

A) abandon parental goals
B) find one's own identity
C) attain independence from one's peer group
D) form an intimate relationship with a member of the opposite sex

Question 11

Following Erikson's lead, _____ distinguished four specific ways young people cope with the identity crisis.

A) Baumrind
B) Freud
C) Marcia
D) Skinner

Question 12

Identity diffusion is typically characterized by _____.

A) no focus on or concern about the future
B) foreclosure
C) following one's heart
D) commitment to a cause

Question 13

Which adolescent appears to be experiencing identity diffusion?

A) Jeannine, who runs away from a pressured home environment and joins a commune
B) Fred, who is pressured by his parents to become a doctor
C) Barbara, a college student who frequently changes majors
D) Zachary, who spends most of his time watching TV and hanging out with his friends

Question 14

Identity diffusion refers to the identity status in which adolescents _____.

A) pause during their identity formation to explore alternatives
B) form their identity prematurely
C) do not commit to goals and fail to take on any role
D) understand who they are as connected to everything they have learned

Question 15

During an identity moratorium, adolescents typically _____.

A) ignore their future roles and responsibilities
B) take on a temporary role and postpone identity-achievement decisions
C) change their identity from that of their youth
D) adopt their parents' views after having tested them on their own

Question 16

The identity status characterized by a lack of commitment to any goals or values is _____.

A) achievement
B) foreclosure
C) diffusion
D) moratorium

Question 17

The term for a pause in identity formation, when alternatives are explored before final choices are made, is known as _____.

A) identity diffusion
B) role confusion
C) negative identity
D) moratorium

Question 18

Without any thoughtful consideration, Sean took on an identity that is the opposite of what his parents want for him. Sean has adopted a(n) _____.

A) negative identity
B) positive identity
C) non-identity
D) over identity

Question 19

Seventeen-year-old Andrew failed several classes, lost his job, and spends most of his time sleeping on the couch. When his parents voice their disapproval, he replies, "Whatever." Andrew's response indicates _____.

A) role confusion
B) identity achievement
C) identity foreclosure
D) moratorium

Question 20

Psychosocial development during adolescence is often seen as a quest to answer the question _____.

A) "What am I going to do with my life?"
B) "Will I ever find someone to love?"
C) "Who am I?"
D) "Why don't my parents understand me?"

Question 21

Several researchers have compared parent-child relationships in Hong Kong, the United States, and Australia and have found that in all three places, parent-child communication and encouragement benefit adolescents, reducing the risk for all of the following EXCEPT _____.

A) depression
B) low self-esteem
C) suicide
D) obesity

Question 22

Barrett is serving a 2-year mission for his church at the age of 19. When he returns home from his mission assignment, he will decide whether or not to attend college and will make decisions about career and family. Barrett's current status is identity _____.

A) foreclosure
B) moratorium
C) diffusion
D) achievement

Question 23

Which are two of the aspects of family closeness during adolescence?

A) communication and autonomy
B) support and connectedness
C) connectedness and authority
D) openness and control

Question 24

According to Erikson, what is one of the four aspects of identity?

A) physical
B) political
C) familial
D) economic

Question 25

Which type of parenting can "boomerang," resulting in adolescents who learn to deceive their parents?

A) authoritative
B) neglectful
C) authoritarian
D) permissive

Question 26

Some parent-child bickering during the adolescent years may indicate _____.

A) a disturbed parent-child relationship
B) poor parenting skills
C) teenage depression
D) a healthy family

Question 27

In typical relationships, one would expect the MOST bickering between _____.

A) grandparents and teens
B) adolescents and older siblings
C) mothers and daughters
D) fathers and sons

Question 28

Alex has decided to pursue a career in music, even though his parents want him to study medicine. Alex has decided not to share his future career plans with his parents. Alex is most likely from _____.

A) the United States
B) Chile
C) the Philippines
D) Hong Kong

Question 29

Research indicates that adolescents who work 20 hours a week or more _____.

A) save more money for college
B) are more likely to love their work in adulthood
C) create a stronger vocational identity early on
D) tend to hate their jobs and achieve less in school

Question 30

Which type of parenting is most effective during adolescence?

A) authoritative
B) neglectful
C) authoritarian
D) permissive

Question 31

Shortly after Brittany turned 18, she developed a newfound appreciation of her parents. What contributed to her change in attitude?

A) less resistance and more placation
B) her parents have adjusted to her independence
C) a more developed prefrontal cortex
D) self-reflection and humility

Question 32

Bickering between parents and adolescents is most likely to _____.

A) to be about religious beliefs
B) signal of pathology in the family
C) concern personal habits and dress
D) increase steadily between the ages of 13 and 19

Question 33

Enrique believes that males should always be the ones to ask females out on dates. He thinks that if a man accepts an invitation for a date from a girl it makes him a wimp. This is an example of Enrique's _____.

A) sex
B) gender identity
C) sexual orientation
D) gender

Question 34

People's acceptance of the roles and behaviors that they define as male or female is referred to as their _____ identity.

A) gender
B) ethnic
C) heterosexual
D) foreclosed

Question 35

Sandra is in her bedroom with her mother. Sandra's mother exclaims, "You need to get these clothes off the floor right now!" Sandra replies, "It's my room and I will leave things where I want." Sandra's mother responds, "I am your mother and you will do what I say." This is an example of _____.

A) bickering
B) open communication
C) parental monitoring
D) family bonds

Question 36

In the United States, parent-child conflict is most common when children are in _____.

A) late childhood
B) early adolescence
C) late adolescence
D) emerging adulthood

Question 37

Which statement is an example of a gender role?

A) A man should be the primary wage earner.
B) A baby is born with reproductive organs for both sexes.
C) A biological male decides to undergo an operation to become a woman.
D) A woman decides to try dating men and women.

Question 38

_____ adolescents totally reject the religion in which they've grown up.

A) Few
B) About half of all
C) About three-fourths of all
D) Almost all

Question 39

Today, vocational identity often takes _____ to establish, and most work demands very specific skills that cannot be learned except on the job.

A) days
B) months
C) years
D) decades

Question 40

Gender refers to _____.

A) the cultural or social attributes of being male or female
B) the biological characteristics of being male or female
C) homophobia
D) one's sexual orientation

Question 41

Restrictive and controlling parenting practices are associated with _____.

A) a well-behaved adolescent
B) adolescent depression
C) adolescent achievement
D) closeness with parents

Question 42

With respect to parental control over adolescents, _____ control over the years of adolescence is best for adolescent emotional functioning.

A) increasing
B) decreasing
C) stable
D) erratic

Question 43

An intervention study designed to improve family communication and cohesion between parents and their sons (Brody et al., 2009) revealed that the sons' DNA was important to the outcome. Which of the following was a finding from the study?

A) The intervention had an impact on boys with a long allele of the 5-HTTLPR gene.
B) The intervention had an impact on boys with a short allele of the 5-HTTLPR gene.
C) The control experience had an impact on boys with a long allele of the 5-HTTLPR gene.
D) The control experience had an impact on boys with a short allele of the 5-HTTLPR gene.

Question 44

Isaac and Derek persuaded Robert to cut school and steal alcohol from a store. Isaac and Derek provided _____ to Robert.

A) criminal coaching
B) deviancy training
C) delinquent apprenticeship
D) offender initiation

Question 45

Several of Jamel's friends agree to gather Thursday evening and study for their physics exam, and they invite him to come along. Jamel's friends are _____.

A) selecting destructive behaviors
B) facilitating constructive behaviors
C) providing deviancy training
D) being monitored by parents

Question 46

The urge to conform to one's peers in behavior, dress, and attitude is referred to as _____.

A) conformation
B) adolescent burden
C) generation gap
D) peer pressure

Question 47

Eva is about to become an adolescent mother. Based on recent research, she and her child will better handle the situation if her parents _____.

A) assume care for Eva and her child
B) adopt Eva's child and raise the child as their own
C) encourage Eva to move out of the house to raise her baby alone
D) are supportive, but do not assume complete care for her child

Question 48

Mr. and Mrs. Cortina have discovered that their son has been skipping classes and cutting school with a group of boys. Which conclusion is MOST likely true?

A) The group has led their innocent son astray.
B) The behavior is nothing to worry about.
C) Their son is more rebellious than the group as a whole.
D) Their son chose this group because he shares their interests.

Question 49

Parental monitoring is most likely to be effective and healthy when it is _____.

A) rigid and controlling
B) part of a warm, supportive relationship
C) relaxed and permissive
D) part of authoritarian parenting

Question 50

Many adolescent romances _____.

A) are stable and long-term
B) do not include sexual intercourse
C) are exclusive commitments between partners
D) do not generate strong emotional reactions

Question 51

Healthy communication and support from parents make _____ peer relationships more likely.

A) constructive
B) destructive
C) opposite-sex
D) romantic

Question 52

Nicholi's parents are restrictive and controlling. Compared with his peers whose parents engage in less psychological control, Nicholi is more likely to be _____.

A) academically successful
B) closer with his parents
C) depressed
D) happy

Question 53

Almost all social networking engaged in by adolescents is between adolescents _____.

A) who do not know each other beyond social media
B) who are friends
C) who are in a bully-victim relationship
D) who do not have many friends

Question 54

Callie called her friend Sue on Saturday to see if Sue wanted to go to the movies. Sue told Callie she was staying home to study for their upcoming history test. After the call, Callie decided to study instead of go to the movies. Callie was experiencing _____.

A) conformation
B) adolescent burden
C) generation gap
D) peer pressure

Question 55

Abbie is aware of where her son is whenever he goes out, and she requires him to call if there is any change in plans. This is an example of _____.

A) generational stake
B) foreclosure for her son
C) parental monitoring
D) negative control

Question 56

A father says to his son, "I want you home by 10:00 pm." This best represents which aspect of family closeness?

A) control
B) support
C) communication
D) connectedness

Question 57

At age 17, Gage aspired to become a serious musician. His group of friends began to change as he grew closer to students with deep musical interests, and he drifted away from other friends who were more engaged in sports. This illustrates peer _____.

A) exclusion
B) facilitation
C) selection
D) focus

Question 58

According to Dunphy, the third step in the sequence of male-female relationships during childhood and adolescence is the development of _____.

A) small mixed-sex groups of the advanced members of the crowd
B) groups of friends, exclusively one sex or the other
C) formation of couples with private intimacies
D) a loose association of girls and boys, with public interactions within a crowd

Question 59

Parents' awareness of where their adolescents are, what they are doing, and with whom they are doing it is referred to as _____.

A) parental monitoring
B) generational stake
C) overcontrolling
D) connectedness

Question 60

Technology may help adolescents who have diabetes to manage their condition in all of the following ways EXCEPT _____.

A) monitor their insulin via cell phone
B) talk to the doctor via Skype
C) talk with other young people with diabetics via Internet chat
D) exercise by playing video games

Question 61

Approximately 1 in _____ adolescent boys is affected by clinical depression.

A) 2
B) 5
C) 10
D) 100

Question 62

What sexual content rarely appears in popular media?

A) the development of a STI
B) an unwanted pregnancy
C) using a condom
D) having sexual intercourse

Question 63

Elyse broke up with her boyfriend after a fight. She has spent the last week repeatedly going over the fight in her mind, which has caused her to sink into depression. Her continual reliving of the fight is known as _____.

A) rumination
B) reminiscence
C) obsession
D) fixation

Question 64

Alisha took an overdose of prescription pills, but before she lost consciousness she called her mom for help. Alisha was rushed to the hospital for medical attention. Alisha's behavior is defined as _____.

A) parasuicide
B) self-destructive behavior
C) deliberate suicide
D) suicide ideation

Question 65

The cultural norm of familism often _____.

A) demands that individual family members take care of themselves at a very early age
B) fails to provide family members with a cushion during stressful life experiences
C) requires family members to make sacrifices for the good of the whole
D) undermines familial solidarity

Question 66

The term that describes one having erotic desires about the same sex, the opposite sex or both sexes is _____.

A) sexual identity
B) sexual orientation
C) sexuality
D) gender identity

Question 67

Parasuicide refers to _____.

A) a suicide attempt that does not end in death
B) helping someone else to commit suicide
C) several people in a group committing suicide
D) the serious consideration of suicide

Question 68

A recent study of teens in New York City found the teens MOST at risk for sexual violence and STIs had _____.

A) exclusively same-sex partners
B) exclusively opposite-sex partners
C) gender-identity disorder
D) both same-sex and opposite-sex partners

Question 69

Erin uses drugs, cuts herself, and engages in risky sexual behaviors. Erin likely has _____.

A) low self-esteem
B) high self-esteem
C) a normal teenage phase
D) found ways to avoid depression

Question 70

Suicidal ideation refers to _____.

A) a deliberate act of self-destruction that does not end in death
B) thinking about suicide
C) the belief that suicide is an effective way of getting back at one's parents or peers
D) feelings of sadness or hopelessness

Question 71

One study found that the short allele of the serotonin transporter promoter gene (5-HTTLPR) contributes to increased rates of depression in all girls, but only in boys who _____.

A) ruminate
B) are suicidal
C) come from high-socioeconomic status communities.
D) come from low-socioeconomic status communities

Question 72

Lydia finds that she often thinks about killing herself. This is called _____.

A) parasuicide
B) self-destructive behavior
C) deliberate suicide
D) suicide ideation

Question 73

In general, as children experience puberty, their self-esteem _____.

A) rises
B) declines
C) rises then declines
D) remains stable

Question 74

Research indicates that the sexually active teens MOST likely to have an STI have parents who _____.

A) tell their children too many details about sex
B) provide condoms and other contraception options
C) limit their child's exposure to the media
D) warn them to stay away from sex

Question 75

Abstinence-only sex-education programs that were federal policy in the United States until 2009 _____ the adolescents' engagement in sexual activity.

A) reduced
B) increased
C) had no impact on
D) diminished

Question 76

Suicidal ideation is most common around age _____.

A) 9
B) 12
C) 15
D) 18

Question 77

Approximately 1 in _____ adolescent girls is affected by clinical depression.

A) 2
B) 5
C) 10
D) 100

Question 78

One reason that the teenage pregnancy rate in most European nations is less than half of that in the United States may be because _____.

A) of the European sex-education curriculum
B) European adolescents live at home longer
C) American parents are too permissive
D) European teens reach puberty later

Question 79

Which adolescent's sexual behavior is likely to be most strongly influenced by peers?

A) Hannah, who has a warm relationship with her parents
B) Darrel, who has a warm relationship with his parents
C) Trista, who has parents who forbid sexual behavior
D) Tom, who has parents who forbid sexual behavior

Question 80

Compared to when they were children, many adolescents are _____.

A) happier
B) more carefree
C) less self-confident
D) more focused