Deck 11: Seciton 3: Middle Childhood: Biosocial Development

Question 1

Physical activity within schools has _____ over the years.

A) increased
B) decreased
C) hindered academic achievement
D) remained stable

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which activity, when a daily part of a child's life, is most associated with health problems later in life?

A) playing outside for about one hour
B) eating three meals
C) watching about 4 hours of TV
D) playing about 1 hour of video games

Answer 2

C

Question 3

At Devon's recent check-up, her doctor told her that she is obese. Devon's BMI is most likely in the _____ percentile.

A) 17th
B) 37th
C) 71st
D) 97th

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In the United States, about ____ percent of children saw a dentist for preventive care in the previous year.

A) 25
B) 50
C) 75
D) 100

Question 5

For a class project, Casey is asked to identify why there has been a decrease in the number of deaths among children in recent decades. His research discovered that all of these factors were related to a lower death rate among children EXCEPT _____.

A) more physical activity
B) fewer serious accidents
C) more effective immunizations
D) fewer fatal illnesses

Question 6

The ratio between a person's height and weight is expressed as _____.

A) HWP
B) BMW
C) APGAR
D) BMI

Question 7

When comparing the growth of children from ages 6 to 11 to infants or adolescents, one notices that children _____.

A) grow slowly and steadily
B) grow faster than they did in early childhood
C) grow at the same rate from ages 2 to 12
D) have a tremendous growth spurt during the school years

Question 8

Research suggests that classrooms deprived of _____ are often considered harder to manage.

A) city life
B) tests
C) screen time
D) recess

Question 9

Research suggests that children from families that _____ are less likely to see a dentist.

A) have low incomes
B) eat out regularly
C) are highly educated
D) regularly eat dessert

Question 10

The health habits that children develop during the middle childhood years are _____.

A) unrelated to their health in adolescence and adulthood
B) related to their health in adolescence, but unrelated to their health in adulthood
C) unrelated to their health in adolescence, but related to their health in adulthood
D) related to their health in adolescence and adulthood

Question 11

Children are considered overweight when they have BMIs above the _____ percentile.

A) 65th
B) 75th
C) 85th
D) 95th

Question 12

Which of the following is most often seen in children who are obese?

A) low blood pressure
B) increased psychopathology
C) high levels of cholesterol
D) increased chance of becoming a bully

Question 13

Which factor contributes to the decline in neighborhood play among children?

A) people no longer want to know their neighbors
B) parental obesity
C) the high incidence of juvenile diabetes
D) a scarcity of vacant lots and empty fields

Question 14

Children usually have all of their permanent teeth by _____.

A) age 4
B) age 6
C) age 10
D) the onset of puberty

Question 15

Children between the ages of 6 and 11 are within the developmental stage referred to as _____.

A) infancy
B) early childhood
C) middle childhood
D) adolescence

Question 16

Hannah's BMI is in the 79th percentile, which is associated with being _____.

A) underweight
B) normal weight
C) overweight
D) obese

Question 17

Madeline is 9 years old and considered obese. While her parents acknowledge that they could adopt a healthier lifestyle, they blame genetics for her weight problem. How many genes are estimated to influence Madeline's weight?

A) 25
B) 50
C) 100
D) 200

Question 18

Callie asks Jenna if she wants to play tag with a group of her friends. Jenna joins the group of children. The children decide on the rules for tag and as they play they make sure that each child is following the rules. This informal, child-initiated game of tag is likely taking place _____.

A) in a neighborhood
B) in school
C) under the direction of a parent
D) in a sports league

Question 19

Childhood obesity is usually defined as a BMI above the _____ percentile.

A) 65th
B) 75th
C) 85th
D) 95th

Question 20

Physical activity can benefit children in all of the following ways EXCEPT by improving _____.

A) overall physical health
B) academic achievement
C) problem solving ability
D) oral health practices

Question 21

The process by which a sequence of thoughts and action makes the sequence routine, so that it no longer requires conscious thought, is referred to as _____.

A) selective attention
B) divided attention
C) automatization
D) reaction time

Question 22

The belief that children's immune systems need to be exposed to viruses and bacteria in order to strengthen them, but that children are overprotected from this exposure, is called the _____.

A) sterile environment theory
B) hygiene hypothesis
C) spore theory
D) immunity hypothesis

Question 23

Monica brought her 10-year-old son to see the doctor because he was having problems breathing. The doctor informed Monica that her son had inflammation of the airways. Monica's son was diagnosed with _____.

A) asthma
B) obesity
C) sleep apnea
D) diabetes

Question 24

With respect to asthma, the hygiene hypothesis is supported by data showing all of the following EXCEPT _____.

A) children born by cesarean delivery (very sterile) have more asthma
B) farm children have less asthma and other allergies
C) first-born children develop asthma more often than later-born children
D) city children have less asthma and fewer allergies

Question 25

Austin is in the grocery store with his mom and he sees the candy-like cereal he saw advertised on television. He asks his mom to purchase it and she says no. He continues to beg, bargain, and pout until she concedes. Austin demonstrated _____ power.

A) influence
B) demanding
C) child
D) pester

Question 26

Since 1980 the rate of childhood asthma in the United States has _____.

A) doubled
B) tripled
C) decreased
D) stayed the same

Question 27

Nine-year-old Brian was invited to be part of the basketball team but his friend Alex was not. Brian thinks that Alex is a good basketball player. Brian is evaluating the situation and trying to decide if it was fair. What helps Brian with this decision is _____.

A) massive interconnectivity of the brain
B) increased neurotransmitter activity
C) decreased myelination of the limbic system
D) selective attention

Question 28

Eight-year-old Molly is able to listen to her teacher and concentrate on what she is saying even when her friends are talking around her. Molly is able to do this because of an improvement in _____.

A) selective attention
B) divided attention
C) automatization
D) reaction time

Question 29

During middle childhood, children themselves contribute to weight gain by getting adults to do what they want, such as buying them candy or junk food. The ability of children to get adults to do what they want has been referred to as _____ power.

A) influence
B) demanding
C) child
D) pester

Question 30

How long it takes to respond to a stimulus is referred to as _____.

A) stimulus response
B) waiting period
C) reaction time
D) response time

Question 31

William was doing a class report on asthma and learned that several factors may contribute to its development, including all of the following EXCEPT _____.

A) alleles
B) airtight windows
C) sunlight
D) carpets

Question 32

Obesity has increased because it is common for _____.

A) preschoolers to attend preschool
B) preschoolers to watch TV and drink soda
C) babies to be breast-fed
D) children to walk to school

Question 33

What allows children to master the ability to read?

A) massive interconnections in the brain
B) increased neurotransmitter activity
C) decreased myelination of the limbic system
D) selective attention

Question 34

The ability to concentrate on some stimuli while ignoring others is referred to as _____.

A) selective attention
B) divided attention
C) automatization
D) reaction time

Question 35

Adults living in the United States but born elsewhere have lower rates of obesity than do the native born, and the children of these immigrants have _____ obesity rates.

A) lower
B) higher
C) similar
D) no

Question 36

Tina is just learning to read. It takes a lot of work for her to read even one sentence because she needs to sound out every word. After a while Tina will be able to read without thinking about the words. She will then be able to concentrate on the concepts of the text. _____ allows Tina to become a more skilled reader.

A) Selective attention
B) Divided attention
C) Automatization
D) Reaction time

Question 37

A 3-year-old has a harder time catching a ball, whereas a 9-year-old has an easier time catching a ball. One contributing factor for why the 9-year-old has an easier time catching the ball in contrast to the 3-year-old is _____.

A) increased reaction time
B) decreased reaction time
C) increased stimulus response
D) decreased stimulus response

Question 38

Which child is more likely to develop asthma?

A) a child who lives in a city
B) a child who lives on a farm
C) a child who experienced a vaginal delivery
D) a child who is second-born in the family

Question 39

Borrelli et al. (2010) conducted an intervention study that focused on 133 Latino caregivers of children with asthma. The caregivers smoked and did not necessarily want to quit. Over the course of the study the caregivers were shown the amount of smoke the children were being exposed to and counseled on different approaches to quitting smoking. After three months, the results of the study revealed that _____ of the caregivers had quit smoking and the children's asthma attacks were _____ frequent.

A) 25%; less
B) 25%; more
C) half; less
D) half; more

Question 40

Asthma is a disorder caused by _____ the airways.

A) inflammation of
B) enlargement of
C) destruction of
D) holes in

Question 41

Gerald was diagnosed with ADHD at an early age. Throughout school he had extreme academic difficulties, though he excelled at art. When he graduated from high school he started a career as an artist and quickly began to sell his work and achieved critical acclaim. As an adult he was experiencing life success even though he still had symptoms of ADHD. Which of the four general principles of developmental psychopathology does this example best illustrate?

A) Abnormality is normal.
B) Disability changes year by year.
C) Life may be better or worse in adulthood.
D) Diagnosis and treatment reflect the social context.

Question 42

April is tested on her mastery of college chemistry. She is taking a(n) _____.

A) achievement test
B) IQ test
C) field test
D) aptitude test

Question 43

Achievement tests are designed to measure one's _____.

A) knowledge about a subject
B) potential for accomplishment
C) capacity for divergent thinking
D) verbal abilities

Question 44

Howard Gardner proposed that _____.

A) there is only one intelligence
B) everyone is equal in all types of intelligence
C) IQ tests are the best way to measure intelligence
D) there are multiple intelligences

Question 45

Payton has an IQ score of 135. According to the distribution of IQ scores, Payton's IQ falls into what category?

A) average
B) slow learner
C) superior
D) gifted

Question 46

The field that uses insights into typical development to understand and remediate developmental disorders is developmental _____.

A) psychology
B) psychopathology
C) practice
D) abnormality

Question 47

In one study highlighting the role of culture in relation to IQ, Sudanese children averaged 40 points lower when IQ tests required children to _____.

A) use pencils, which they had not used before
B) solve complex problems, which they could not solve
C) sit still, which is not practiced in their culture
D) recall knowledge that they already forgot

Question 48

Originally, a person's mental age and chronological age were factors used to determine his or her _____.

A) achievement on the WAIS
B) intelligence quotient
C) multiple intelligences
D) achievement on the WPPSI

Question 49

The presence of two or more unrelated disease conditions at the same time in the same person is referred to as _____.

A) psychopathology
B) comorbidity
C) multifinality
D) equifinality

Question 50

Susie has an IQ score of 90. According to the distribution of IQ scores, Susie's IQ falls into what category?

A) average
B) slow learner
C) superior
D) gifted

Question 51

IQ tests _____.

A) reflect multicultural understanding
B) are influenced by culture
C) do not accurately reflect aptitude
D) accurately reflect achievement

Question 52

Scientists agree that brain development _____.

A) is not dependent on experience
B) continues throughout life
C) is the same in all children, gifted and not gifted
D) reflects unusual patterns in children with various disorders

Question 53

The average IQ is a score of _____.

A) 70
B) 85
C) 100
D) 115

Question 54

Aptitude tests are designed to measure one's _____.

A) potential for learning a skill or body of knowledge
B) achievement in a particular subject
C) capacity for divergent thinking
D) verbal abilities only

Question 55

With respect to Gardner's multiple intelligences, a successful professional athlete is likely to excel in _____ intelligence.

A) linguistic
B) interpersonal
C) naturalistic
D) bodily-kinesthetic

Question 56

Each of the following is a general principle of developmental psychopathology EXCEPT _____.

A) abnormality is normal
B) disability does not change year by year
C) life may be better or worse in adulthood
D) diagnosis and treatment reflect the social context

Question 57

One's mental age divided by one's chronological age and multiplied by 100 results in one's _____.

A) measure of mastery
B) proficiency score
C) achievement quotient
D) intelligence quotient

Question 58

With respect to Gardner's multiple intelligences, a successful farmer is likely to excel in _____ intelligence.

A) linguistic
B) interpersonal
C) naturalistic
D) bodily-kinesthetic

Question 59

Achievement tests are to aptitude tests as _____ is to _____.

A) long; short
B) intelligence; creativity
C) knowledge; potential
D) fruit; apple

Question 60

Most nations have exhibited substantial increases in IQ scores during the past century. This phenomenon is called the _____.

A) Stanford Swell
B) Brain Leap
C) Intelligence Surge
D) Flynn Effect

Question 61

Over the past few decades, the rates of ADHD have _____ in the United States.

A) decreased
B) increased
C) remained stable
D) have not been measured

Question 62

Treatment of childhood disorders can be difficult because _____.

A) symptoms can change with age
B) younger children have very little variability in symptoms
C) many disorders are not comorbid
D) children often hide their symptoms from caregivers

Question 63

Jim has struggled with reading throughout his school experience, and has fallen far behind his peers. Based on this, his teacher recommends that Jim be evaluated for _____.

A) a learning disability
B) ADHD
C) autism spectrum disorder
D) bipolar disorder

Question 64

Ten-year-old Wilson experiences extreme mood swings that do not seem to be influenced by life circumstances. At times he has told his parents that his teachers are idiots and he is smarter than all of them, and at other times he has so little energy he cannot get out of bed. Wilson may be diagnosed with _____.

A) autism spectrum disorder
B) learning disability
C) childhood schizophrenia
D) attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Question 65

Many psychoactive drugs are prescribed to children to treat numerous mental health conditions such as ADHD, depression, and anxiety even though they have not been thoroughly tested on children. Therefore, the use of these drugs for children is referred to as _____.

A) psychotherapy
B) psychostimulating
C) off-label
D) inappropriate

Question 66

David is excitable, impulsive, and very active. He also has great difficulty concentrating. He MOST likely has _____.

A) mental retardation
B) a sensory deficit
C) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
D) childhood schizophrenia

Question 67

A marked delay in a particular area of learning that is not caused by an apparent physical disability, by mental retardation, or by an unusually stressful home environment is referred to as _____.

A) a learning disability
B) ADHD
C) autism spectrum disorder
D) bipolar disorder

Question 68

The use of medication to treat ADHD (and many other disorders) in children _____.

A) is widely accepted as the best option
B) is not considered off-label
C) is controversial
D) has not increased in the previous decades

Question 69

Seven-year-old Henry has been diagnosed with both ADHD and bipolar disorder. Which term applies to Henry having both conditions?

A) conflicting diagnoses
B) complex diagnosis
C) comorbidity
D) coexistence

Question 70

Todd runs around the classroom, can't seem to sit still or concentrate, and is easily excited. With which disorder might Todd be diagnosed?

A) mental retardation
B) a sensory deficit
C) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
D) childhood schizophrenia

Question 71

A cause can have many final manifestations. This is referred to as _____.

A) psychopathology
B) comorbidity
C) multifinality
D) equifinality

Question 72

All of the following have been identified as problems with diagnosing ADHD EXCEPT _____.

A) it has no biological marker
B) it can be comorbid with other biological problems
C) it has symptoms that are only apparent in severe cases
D) it can be comorbid with other psychological disorders

Question 73

In the United States, more than _____ children and adolescents under the age of 18 take prescription drugs to regulate their emotions and behavior.

A) 1 million
B) 2 million
C) 3 million
D) 4 million

Question 74

Jennica experienced neglect as an infant while her mother suffered from severe depression. The outcome on Jennica's development could manifest itself in many different ways. This reflects the developmental principle of _____.

A) psychopathology
B) comorbidity
C) multifinality
D) equifinality

Question 75

Ricky's aggressive behavior could be due to genetic inheritance, exposure to violent media, or living in a violent neighborhood. This reflects the developmental principle of _____.

A) psychopathology
B) comorbidity
C) multifinality
D) equifinality

Question 76

Often a symptom can have multiple causes. This is known as _____.

A) psychopathology
B) comorbidity
C) multifinality
D) equifinality

Question 77

The most commonly diagnosed learning disability is _____.

A) dyslexia
B) dyscalculia
C) ADHD
D) autism spectrum disorder

Question 78

Which of the following is true of treatment for ADHD?

A) Counseling and training for the family and child have proven to be effective in some cases.
B) No treatments currently exist.
C) Medication is the only option.
D) Parents and teachers do not need to be involved.

Question 79

Which learning disability is characterized by unusual difficulty with reading?

A) dyslexia
B) ADHD
C) autism
D) bipolar disorder

Question 80

According to the DSM-5, in order for ADHD to be diagnosed _____.

A) several symptoms have to begin before age 12
B) there must be signs of other disorders, such as bipolar disorder, present
C) symptoms must occur for at least 6 weeks
D) symptoms must occur in only one context, such as at school or at home