Deck 9: Seciton 4: Early Childhood: Cognitive Development

Question 1

Ten-year-old Sarah and 5-year-old Haley were making a special birthday card for their grandmother. As Sarah patiently showed Haley how to carefully glue the lace around the card's edges, she provided scaffolding for Haley.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The preoperational child is incapable of understanding reversibility.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The process by which people learn from others who lead their experiences and explorations is called guided participation.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Conservation refers to a child's assumption that the world is unchanging.

Question 5

By the age of 6, many children have a vocabulary of about 10,000 words.

Question 6

The temporary, sensitive structure provided by others to a developing child who is learning new skills is known as the zone of proximal development.

Question 7

The "vocabulary explosion" typically occurs at about 1 year of age.

Question 8

A preschooler's approach to the world is controlled more by his or her own subjective views of the world than by reality.

Question 9

Preoperational thought involves magical, self-centered imagination rather than logic.

Question 10

Centration is an obstacle to developing logical operations.

Question 11

Piagetians believed in scaffolding, a learning process that involves mentors who guide the child.

Question 12

A theory of mind is one's own personal understanding of the complex interaction among emotions, perceptions, thoughts, and intentions in oneself and others.

Question 13

Egocentrism is Piaget's term for a particular type of centration, in which the child thinks about the world from his or her own personal perspective.

Question 14

Theory of mind develops more rapidly when a child has an older sibling.

Question 15

The development of theory of mind has been demonstrated across cultures.

Question 16

For a long time, developmentalists such as Piaget overestimated children's thinking skills.

Question 17

The results of a study with 3-year-old children revealed that children are more interested in copying adults than in understanding why adults act out certain human behaviors.

Question 18

Overimitation is demonstrated when 2- to 6-year-old children imitate adult actions that are irrelevant, time-consuming, and inefficient.

Question 19

The underlying factor allowing the development of theory of mind is static reasoning.

Question 20

Vygotsky believed cognitive growth was a process of individual discovery, propelled by experience and biological maturation.

Question 21

Jorge is learning Spanish and English simultaneously in his home. Equally fluent in both, he is a balanced bilingual.

Question 22

Interactive reading with preschoolers has been found to enhance their reading abilities in elementary school.

Question 23

The charting of new vocabulary words by associating them with already-known words is called fast-mapping.

Question 24

Overregularization is actually a sign of increased verbal knowledge.

Question 25

Montessori schools focus on using materials and projects in such a way that children have a strong sense of accomplishment.

Question 26

The best time to learn a second language is in early childhood.

Question 27

The introduction of formal preschool education has occurred within the last century.

Question 28

A language shift occurs when children become as fluent in their new language as they are in their home language.

Question 29

The biggest long-term gains from intensive, early intervention programs were seen in boys from high-poverty neighborhoods in a Chicago preschool program.

Question 30

Child-centered programs stress children's development and growth.

Question 31

Studies suggest that preschool education, such as that provided by Head Start, advances the social and academic development of disadvantaged children.

Question 32

Reggio Emilia programs emphasize formal classroom instruction by the teacher.

Question 33

Teacher-directed preschool programs are similar in nature to the Reggio Emilia approach.

Question 34

Children display evidence of fast-mapping before the age of 1.

Question 35

If a child's home environment is poor, early education programs won't be beneficial.

Question 36

It is always better for a young child to attend preschool than to be home with a parent.