Deck 29: Stratification in the World System

Question 1

According to world systems analysis,which type of nation is relatively independent of outside control?

A)core
B)periphery
C)semiperiphery
D)marginality

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is a semiperiphery nation?

A)Germany
B)South Korea
C)Peru
D)United States

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What was the average value of goods and services produced per citizen in the U.S. ,Netherlands,France,Norway,and Switzerland in 2008?

A)around $800
B)approximately $5000
C)between $10,000 and $35,000
D)more than $47,000

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In Immanuel Wallerstein's view,the global economic system is divided between nations that control wealth and nations from which resources are taken.This view is referred to as

A)neocolonialism.
B)colonialism.
C)world systems analysis.
D)the world exploitation model.

Question 5

Colonialism is defined as

A)the maintenance of political,social,economic,and cultural dominance over a people by a foreign power for an extended period.
B)an approach that contends industrialized nations continue to exploit developing countries for their own gain.
C)the far-reaching process by which peripheral nations move from traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed societies.
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 6

According to world systems analysis,poor and developing nations are

A)at the core.
B)on the periphery.
C)on the semiperiphery.
D)on the marginality.

Question 7

Dependency theory is defined as

A)a functionalist approach proposing that modernization and development will gradually improve the lives of people in peripheral nations.
B)a far-reaching process by which peripheral nations move from having traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed societies.
C)an approach contending that as developing countries make economic advances,they remain weak and subservient to core nations.
D)applying to the interactionist perspective.

Question 8

When viewing the global economic system,sociologist Immanuel Wallerstein draws on the

A)functionalist perspective.
B)conflict perspective.
C)interactionist perspective.
D)dialectical perspective.

Question 9

Extreme inequality of resources in the world was initiated by

A)the Industrial Revolution.
B)the Spanish-American War.
C)the Great Depression.
D)World War II.

Question 10

In what terms does the developing country of Zambia define poverty?

A)whether or not the breadwinner of a family holds consistent work
B)the ability (or lack of)to afford specific foods on a subsistence diet
C)the ability (or lack of)to pay for schooling for at least one child
D)the ability (or lack of)to afford a home with running water and electricity

Question 11

Neocolonialism is defined as the

A)maintenance of political,social,economic,and cultural domination over a people by a power for an extended period of time,such as French control over major parts of northern Africa.
B)continuing dependence of former colonies on foreign countries.
C)invasion of Third World countries by the military forces of the U.S.or Russia since 1965.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 12

According to world systems analysis,a periphery nation is a nation that

A)along with its multinational corporations dominates all other nations socially,economically,and politically,such as the U.S.and Germany.
B)has a marginal economic status,such as Israel and South Korea.
C)is a poor,developing nation,such as Honduras and Ethiopia,that is exploited by more powerful nations and corporations.
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 13

According to Immanuel Wallerstein's analysis,the United States is considered at the ________,whereas neighboring Mexico remains on the semiperiphery of the world economic system.

A)core
B)periphery
C)semiperiphery
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 14

According to world systems analysis,a nation that has a marginal economic status would be referred to as a nation at the

A)periphery.
B)core.
C)semiperiphery.
D)superperiphery.

Question 15

Which of the following is a core nation?

A)Germany
B)South Korea
C)Egypt
D)Ireland

Question 16

World systems analysis is

A)Karl Marx's view that the bourgeois nations such as England would dominate the proletarian nations such as India.
B)Erving Goffman's view that world peace would result from many types of nations interacting with one another.
C)Talcott Parsons's view that the inequality that exists among nations is necessary for world stability.
D)Immanuel Wallerstein's view of the global economic system as divided between certain industrialized nations that control wealth and developing countries that are controlled and exploited.

Question 17

The per capita gross national income is less than $1,000 in at least ________ countries.

A)15
B)23
C)39
D)46

Question 18

Which of the following is a periphery nation?

A)Germany
B)South Korea
C)Uganda
D)United States

Question 19

According to world systems analysis,a core nation is a nation that

A)along with its multinational corporations controls and exploits noncore nations.
B)has a marginal economic status.
C)is a poor,developing nation exploited by more powerful nations and corporations.
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 20

What do functionalists in particular point out about malnourishment?

A)It is a specific result of ongoing neocolonialism.
B)It is yet another result of inequality.
C)It serves beneficial effects in developing countries by maintaining social boundaries.
D)It contributes to the growth of inequality over time in a country.

Question 21

The notion that peripheral nations move from having traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed nations is known as

A)dependency theory.
B)regional analysis.
C)modernization theory.
D)colonialism.

Question 22

The project sponsored by the United Nations to eliminate extreme poverty worldwide is called the

A)Micro-Business Initiative.
B)Millennium Project.
C)Children's Fund.
D)Income Now! Project.

Question 23

Current modernization studies generally take a(n)________ approach,which focuses on how societies are moving closer together.

A)conflict
B)interactionist
C)dramaturgical
D)convergence

Question 24

The worldwide integration of government policies,cultures,social movements,and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas is known as

A)globalization.
B)dependency.
C)colonialism.
D)neocolonialism.

Question 25

Modernization refers to the

A)elimination of old housing and its replacement with modern skyscrapers.
B)process by which a society moves from traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed societies.
C)colonial domination of Third World nations by Western powers.
D)process of development that,at this time,has occurred only in core nations such as England,France,Japan,and the U.S.

Question 26

Which of the following is an example of a multinational corporation?

A)a Swiss bank with many international customers but without foreign branches
B)a hardware store that sells hammers from France and saws from Switzerland,as well as many products made in the U.S.
C)Coca-Cola,which has bottling plants throughout the world
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 27

Which sociological perspective would be most likely to suggest that multinational corporations exploit local workers to maximize profits?

A)functionalist perspective
B)conflict perspective
C)interactionist perspective
D)global perspective

Question 28

Which sociological perspective would be most likely to suggest that multinational corporations help create social stability within a society by creating jobs and global enterprise?

A)functionalist perspective
B)conflict perspective
C)interactionist perspective
D)feminist perspective

Question 29

Commercial organizations headquartered in one country that own or control other corporations or subsidiaries throughout the world are referred to as

A)international companies.
B)multinational corporations.
C)megacorps.
D)world system enterprises.

Question 30

In order for the Millennium Project to succeed,United Nations planners estimated that the industrialized nations must each set aside how much aid for developing countries?

A)2.15 percent of gross national income
B)1 percent of gross national product
C)0.45 percent of gross national product
D)0.51 percent of gross national income

Question 31

Sociologists are quick to note that terms such as modernization and development contain a(n)________ bias.

A)economic
B)class
C)ethnocentric
D)scientific

Question 32

Which of the following statements about multinational corporations is true?

A)The 10 largest multinational corporations all have their headquarters in the U.S.
B)The value of sales of the largest multinational corporations exceeds the total value of goods and services of many peripheral nations.
C)They are all state-owned-or public as opposed to private-businesses.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 33

The multinational corporation Walmart made less than which of the following countries in 2012?

A)Austria
B)China
C)Pakistan
D)Poland

Question 34

Which sociological perspective would most likely compare the relationship between a colonial nation and the colonized people to the relationship between the dominant capitalist class and the proletariat class?

A)functionalist perspective
B)conflict perspective
C)interactionist perspective
D)global perspective

Question 35

As a way to illustrate the conflict perspective on global inequality,your textbook mentions that a Guatemalan farm worker who picks coffee beans would have to work for ________ in order to afford to purchase one pound of Starbucks coffee sold in the U.S.

A)5.5 hours
B)1.5 days
C)3 days
D)5 days

Question 36

In the weeks immediately following the terrorist attacks of September 11,2001,the far-reaching economic repercussions began to affect businesses and workers worldwide.This phenomenon can best be explained by

A)globalization.
B)urbanization.
C)modernization.
D)colonialism.

Question 37

The goal of the United Nations Millennium Project was to

A)reduce the power of multinational corporations.
B)halve extreme poverty worldwide by 2015.
C)raise the GDP of the poorest countries of the world by 2015.
D)eliminate malnourishment in the world by 2015.

Question 38

Conflict theorists contend that multinational corporations are attracted to developing countries because developing countries

A)have a large pool of cheap labor.
B)discourage strong trade unions.
C)often create a favorable "climate for investment."
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 39

The process by which a society moves from traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed societies is called

A)world systems analysis.
B)developmental theory.
C)reconstructionism.
D)modernization.

Question 40

Who among the following has noted that modern societies tend to be urban,literate,and industrial,with sophisticated transportation and media systems,and families in such societies are organized within the nuclear family unit rather than the extended family model?

A)Wendell Bell
B)Immanuel Wallerstein
C)Karl Marx
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 41

A bonus for multinational corporations is that in general,the developing world discourages strong trade unions.

Question 42

According to world systems analysis,Israel,Ireland,and South Korea are all periphery nations.

Question 43

Over 2.5 billion people worldwide are living on less than $2 a day.

Question 44

According to a study by the International Monetary Fund,the division between core and periphery nations has changed significantly over the last 100 years.

Question 45

Discuss Immanuel Wallerstein's world systems analysis.Define dependency theory as it relates to Wallerstein's views.Give examples to support your answer.

Question 46

Total revenues of multinational businesses are on par with the total value of goods and services exchanged in entire nations.

Question 47

Compare and contrast colonialism and neocolonialism,and describe their impact on social stratification.Give examples to support your answer.

Question 48

Contemporary modernization studies generally take a convergence perspective in which researchers focus on how societies are moving closer together despite traditional differences.

Question 49

Multinational corporations have established "global offices" as well as global factories in nations all over the world.

Question 50

Conflict theorists conclude that,on the whole,multinational corporations have a positive social impact on workers in both industrialized and developing nations.

Question 51

Explain why terms such as modernization and developed have an ethnocentric bias.

Question 52

According to world systems analysis,the United States,Japan,and Germany are all core nations.

Question 53

Modernization theory-as an explanation of global inequality-falls under which sociological perspective?

A)functionalist
B)conflict
C)interactionist
D)feminist

Question 54

Which of the following is NOT a goal of the United Nations Millennium Project?

A)to reduce child mortality
B)to cut global extreme poverty in half
C)to achieve universal primary education
D)to improve maternal health