Deck 4: Global Cultural Environment and Buying Behavior

Question 1

Children in China impact consumption patterns in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

A) spending power.
B) special nature of one child families.
C) pester power.
D) change agents.
E) legacy due to inherited wealth.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

A culture can be defined by national borders (especially when the country is isolated by natural barriers). An example would be:

A) the United States.
B) Canada.
C) Mexico.
D) Taiwan.
E) Germany.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

____________________ primarily refers to the technologies that are used to produce, distribute, and consume goods and services within society.

A) Material life
B) Political party affiliation
C) Language
D) Values
E) Education

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In global marketing, cultural forces shape the company's ______________ mix.

A) visibility
B) growth
C) management
D) marketing
E) fashion

Question 5

Asking the question "How is the decision to buy made by the consumers in the Foreign market?" is an indication of which stage of consumption processes (as
Influenced by culture)?

A) buying behavior.
B) consumption characteristics.
C) disposal.
D) access.
E) acceleration.

Question 6

Below is a list of elements from culture that matter to international marketers. Pick the item that is likely to matter the least in doing business with a foreign culture.

A) material life.
B) political party affiliation.
C) language.
D) religion.
E) education.

Question 7

In marketing, buyer behavior and consumer needs are largely driven by _______________________.

A) health norms.
B) economic norms.
C) political norms.
D) cultural norms.
E) social norms.

Question 8

All of the following are unique features of culture EXCEPT:

A) it is learned.
B) it is inherited genetically.
C) elements are interrelated with one another.
D) it is shared.
E) it is compelling.

Question 9

Companies that ignore cultural needs often:

A) lose permission to export.
B) lose permission to import.
C) have more lawsuits.
D) lose more salespeople.
E) lose a competitive edge.

Question 10

Poor transportation and distribution infrastructure in many developing countries would be examples of:

A) investment requirements.
B) technology gaps tied to material life.
C) governmental corruption that must be dealt with.
D) government ineptitude.
E) different value systems.

Question 11

Selling different sizes of soft drinks in foreign cultures is an example of which component of culture?

A) material life.
B) social interaction.
C) language.
D) values.
E) education.

Question 12

From a global marketing perspective, the cultural environment matters. The most important reason is that cultural forces are major factors in shaping a company's
Global:

A) sales territories.
B) vision.
C) competitive response.
D) marketing mix program.
E) global ethics program.

Question 13

One reason Chinese parents treat their children as little "emperors and empresses" is that:

A) they have no choice since it is mandated by Chinese law.
B) China has a one child per couple (without penalties) birth control policy.
C) advertising has influenced parents.
D) children are cared for by Grandparents.
E) China pays parents to have children.

Question 14

Asking the question "Does the consumer have physical and/or economic access to the product/service?" is an indication of which stage of consumption processes
(as influenced by culture)?

A) buying behavior.
B) consumption characteristics.
C) disposal.
D) access.
E) acceleration.

Question 15

Since China has around 300 million children, they are often treated as:

A) little emperors and empresses.
B) super children.
C) smart children.
D) a tax burden.
E) food liability.

Question 16

Several Japanese diaper makers were able to steal market share away from Proctor & Gamble by selling diapers that were much ______________ than the ones marketed
By P&G, thereby better meeting the desires of Japanese mothers (Japanese homes
Have less space than most Europeans or American houses).

A) colorful
B) expensive
C) bulkier
D) thinner
E) rougher

Question 17

According to the text, culture is:

A) learned, interrelated and shared.
B) learned, interrelated and mixed.
C) learned, interrelated and empty.
D) learned, interrelated and passive.
E) learned, interrelated and static.

Question 18

Within a given culture, consumption processes can be described via a sequence of stages. All of the following describe those stages EXCEPT:

A) access.
B) buying behavior.
C) racial characteristics
D) consumption characteristics.
E) disposal.

Question 19

In today's world, ______________________ often provides pride and self-esteem to its citizens.

A) cultural heritage
B) fashion
C) styles
D) business activities
E) infrastructure

Question 20

From the consumption point of view, ____________ homes have less space than most Europeans or American houses.

A) Japanese
B) Turkish
C) Australians
D) Indonesian
E) Pakistani

Question 21

_______________________ refers to the complex of nonverbal communication mechanisms that people use to get a message across.

A) Spoken language
B) Slang language
C) Silent language
D) Harmonious language
E) Electronic language

Question 22

An example of a religious taboo that might affect a company's marketing mix is:

A) failing to say rosary.
B) going uncovered into a church.
C) including pork and/or beef as menu options in a restaurant.
D) offering to sell food on Saturday.
E) not closing the restaurant before dark.

Question 23

_______________ refers to the ideas and perceptions that a culture upholds in terms of beauty and good taste.

A) Aesthetics
B) Cybernetics
C) Techno-graphics
D) Poly-graphics
E) Geographics

Question 24

As a communication medium, language has two components: spoken language and _________________ language.

A) business
B) commercial
C) slang
D) silent
E) electronic

Question 25

All of the following would be issues to consider when marketing in an Islamic framework EXCEPT:

A) not mixing men and women in focus groups.
B) advertising censors.
C) "excessive profits" should be turned over to stockholders.
D) do not manufacture products made from pigs.
E) special fasts during holidays.

Question 26

Probably the most critical expression of social interactions is the concept of:

A) silent language.
B) gestures.
C) kinship.
D) reference groups.
E) cultural homogeneity.

Question 27

Careless translation of advertising slogans or product labels leads to:

A) language blunders.
B) high cost.
C) government regulation.
D) imprisonment of offending parties.
E) preference of domestic products.

Question 28

Taking fasting habits into account when designing a company's marketing mix would be an essential in which of the following cultural environments?

A) Baptist.
B) Catholic.
C) Islamic.
D) Atheist.
E) Lutheran.

Question 29

In numerous Asian countries, the ancient ____________ philosophy feng shui (wind- water) plays an important role in the design and placement of corporate buildings
And retail space.

A) Chinese
B) Japanese
C) Indonesian
D) Singaporean
E) Indian

Question 30

If your company were to employ male salespeople and they needed to get access to female shoppers, which of the following countries would this become the most
Difficult?

A) United States.
B) Japan.
C) China.
D) Saudi Arabia.
E) Israel.

Question 31

Edward Hall identified five distinctive types of silent languages that are:

A) space, material possessions, friendship patterns, time, and travel.
B) space, material possessions, friendship patterns, time, and technology.
C) space, material possessions, friendship patterns, time, and computers.
D) space, material possessions, friendship patterns, time, and vacations.
E) space, material possessions, friendship patterns, time, and agreements.

Question 32

In which of the following countries would an ad campaign emphasizing that more shaving is good have difficulty being accepted?

A) United States.
B) Russia.
C) Japan.
D) Norway.
E) Iran.

Question 33

Membership groups are those groups that:

A) require dues.
B) exclude people.
C) are exclusive.
D) people belong to.
E) people would like to be a part of.

Question 34

The consumer research literature identifies three kinds of reference groups:

A) membership groups, anticipatory groups, and local groups.
B) membership groups, anticipatory groups, and global groups.
C) membership groups, anticipatory groups, and legal groups.
D) membership groups, anticipatory groups, and dissociative groups.
E) membership groups, anticipatory groups, and friendship groups.

Question 35

__________________ drive(s) the holiday calendar in many countries.

A) Culture
B) Religion
C) Government tax assessors
D) Reference groups
E) Family units

Question 36

A Los Angeles radio contest targeting Hispanic families offered two tickets to Disneyland. The contest failed because the station forgot about the effect of
______________________ on the Hispanic culture.

A) cultural homogeneity
B) nuclear family
C) reference groups
D) social class
E) extended family

Question 37

The role of women in society is sometimes largely driven by local _____________.

A) religion.
B) politics.
C) government.
D) environment.
E) geography.

Question 38

According to the text, religions embrace three elements:

A) lifestyle, a standardized organization, and moral rules of good behavior.
B) travel, a standardized organization, and moral rules of good behavior.
C) discussion, a standardized organization, and moral rules of good behavior.
D) explanation, a standardized organization, and moral rules of good behavior.
E) interaction, a standardized organization, and moral rules of good behavior.

Question 39

________________ is often described as the most important element that sets human beings apart from animals.

A) Materialism
B) Destruction
C) Life styles
D) Language
E) Computer skills

Question 40

A technique such as ________________________ is used to sort out the differences when translating a company's documents into other languages.

A) common translation
B) forward translation
C) back translation
D) value translation
E) abstract translation

Question 41

With respect to Hofstede's cultural classification scheme, ______________ refers to the extent to which people in a given culture prefer to act as individuals rather than
Group members.

A) power distance
B) uncertainty avoidance
C) individualism
D) masculinity
E) long-termism

Question 42

___________________ developed a highly useful cultural classification scheme.

A) Gary Hamel
B) Peter Drucker
C) Michael Porter
D) Geert Hofstede
E) Charles Handy

Question 43

______________ systems tend to be deeply rooted and are found to be intrinsic to a person's identity and inner self.

A) Family
B) School
C) College
D) Personality
E) Value

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT one of Hofstede's cultural classification dimensions?

A) power distance
B) uncertainty avoidance
C) individualism
D) romanticism
E) masculinity

Question 45

An example of a high power distance country would be:

A) Germany
B) Britain
C) United States
D) Canada
E) Mexico

Question 46

Local attitudes toward foreign cultures will drive the product ___________________________.

A) positioning and human resources decisions.
B) positioning and logistics decisions.
C) positioning and travel decisions.
D) positioning and profit decisions.
E) positioning and design decisions.

Question 47

Two facets of education matter to international marketers. They are the _________________________ of education.

A) cost and location
B) level and quality
C) cost and quantity
D) cost and availability
E) level and cost

Question 48

____________________ shape(s) people's norms and standards. In addition, people's attitudes towards objects and behavioral codes are also influenced.

A) Value systems
B) Cultural philosophy
C) Reference groups
D) Family extension
E) Government involvement

Question 49

"What is left unsaid is as important as what is said" would be an example of what form of culture?

A) agrarian.
B) low context.
C) intellectual.
D) high context.
E) northern European.

Question 50

____________ is a high-context culture.

A) China
B) United States
C) Germany
D) Ireland
E) Italy

Question 51

In many countries, goods with _______________ roots are strongly valued.

A) Swiss
B) Italian
C) American
D) Russian
E) South African

Question 52

An example of a high uncertainty avoidance country would be:

A) Germany.
B) Britain.
C) United States.
D) Canada.
E) Japan.

Question 53

In the field of advertising, campaigns that were developed with a high-context culture in mind are likely to be less effective when used in _______________
Cultures, and vice versa.

A) high-context.
B) low-context.
C) medium-context.
D) dry-context.
E) hot-context.

Question 54

In terms of culture, the Walloons in French-speaking _______________have much more in common with the French than with the Flemish of Northern ____________.

A) Germany.
B) Switzerland.
C) Italy.
D) Belgium.
E) Luxembourg.

Question 55

With respect to Hofstede's cultural classification scheme, ______________ refers to the extent to which people in a given culture prefer structured situations with clear
Rules over unstructured ones.

A) power distance
B) uncertainty avoidance
C) individualism
D) masculinity
E) long-termism

Question 56

The anthropologist Edwards Hall makes a distinction between so-called ____________________________.

A) high-context and bright-context cultures.
B) high-context and low-profile cultures.
C) high-context and dry-context cultures.
D) high-context and low-context cultures.
E) high-context and medium-context cultures.

Question 57

_______________ classifications allow the marketing manager to see how much overlap is possible between the marketing programs to be implemented in different
Markets.

A) Business
B) Cultural
C) Political
D) Government
E) Natural

Question 58

With respect to Hofstede's cultural classification scheme, ______________ refers to the degree of inequality which people of a country view acceptable.

A) power distance
B) uncertainty avoidance
C) individualism
D) masculinity
E) long-termism

Question 59

Geert Hofstede's cultural classification scheme was based on a large-scale research project which used 60 ________________ subsidiaries worldwide.

A) IBM
B) Hewlett Packard
C) Dell Computer
D) Motorola
E) Texas Instruments

Question 60

Research indicates that there is a greater preference for luxury goods in _________________ cultures than in other forms.

A) feminine
B) low context
C) intellectual
D) masculine
E) high context

Question 61

Intensive foreign-language training is one of the more common tools to promote __________________________.

A) educational sensitivity
B) travel sensitivity
C) cultural sensitivity
D) planning sensitivity
E) daily sensitivity

Question 62

A model of organizational culture scheme includes the following four types EXCEPT:

A) clan.
B) hierarchy.
C) market.
D) adhocracy.
E) nations.

Question 63

The GLOBE researchers developed a scale of _________cultural dimensions.

A) seven
B) eight
C) nine
D) ten
E) eleven

Question 64

A term "SRC" which was coined by J. A. Lee (cultural anthropologist) stands for:

A) strategic-reference criterion.
B) standard-reference criterion.
C) simple-reference criterion.
D) self-reference criterion.
E) none of the above.

Question 65

With respect to Hofstede's cultural classification scheme, ______________ refers to the extent to which people in a given culture label their society male or female
Based on value characteristics of the two genders.

A) power distance
B) uncertainty avoidance
C) individualism
D) masculinity
E) long-termism

Question 66

Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's own culture is:

A) superior to another culture.
B) inferior to another culture.
C) more racial pure than another culture.
D) exports more than another culture.
E) has a more rich and colorful history than any other country in the world.

Question 67

The acronym CRM stands for:

A) customer relationship mapping.
B) customer reliance management.
C) computer relationship management.
D) criteria relationship management
E) customer relationship management.

Question 68

__________________________ plays a critical role in the development and quality of a customer relationship management.

A) United Nations
B) Geocentric organization
C) Customer database
D) Training and development
E) Outsourcing

Question 69

The GLOBE is an acronym for:

A) Global Leadership and Outstanding Behavior Effectiveness.
B) Global Leadership and Organizational Business Effectiveness.
C) Global Leadership and Outsourcing Behavior Effectiveness.
D) Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness.
F) Global Limited Organizational Behavior Effectiveness.

Question 70

In the implementation of effective global account management (GAM), the following factors count EXCEPT the following:

A) role of the global account management team.
B) seek global outsourcing.
C) make incentive structures realistic.
D) pick the right global account managers.
E) create a strong support network.

Question 71

With respect to Hofstede's cultural classification scheme, cultures where people favor values such as solidarity, preserving the environment, and quality of life are more
______________.

A) feminine
B) masculine
C) collectivist
D) individualist
E) none of the above

Question 72

The acronym GAM stands for:

A) global application management.
B) global action management.
C) global arts management.
D) global account management.
E) none of the above.

Question 73

Prices in the U.S. often end in 9 or 5. Those in China:

A) end in the auspicious number 3.
B) do not end in 4 because it connotes death.
C) end in 5 or 9 like the U.S..
D) end in 8.
E) have no pattern whatsoever.

Question 74

Another cultural classification scheme, the World Value Survey (WVS), which assesses people's values and beliefs in 78 countries, was organized by the
____________________________.

A) Harvard University.
B) University of Michigan.
C) University of Pennsylvania.
D) London Business School.
E) Princeton University.

Question 75

_______________________ refers to people's unconscious tendency to resort to their own cultural experience and value systems to interpret a given business
Situation.

A) Cultural morals
B) Cultural ethics
C) Self-Reference Criterion (SRC)
D) Monocultural
E) Global culture

Question 76

Which of the following colors have universal meanings globally?

A) white
B) blue
C) green
D) black
E) only a, b and c

Question 77

In collectivist societies, the interests of the ____________ take center stage.

A) individual
B) company
C) group
D) businessman
E) city

Question 78

Certain products are obviously more culture-bound than other products. In particular, _______________________ products tend to be very culture-bound.

A) industrial
B) agricultural
C) chemicals and industrial supplies
D) food, beverages, and clothing
E) none of the above

Question 79

In addition to Hofstede's first dimensions (uncertainty avoidance, power distance, and collectivism), the GLOBE project included the following additional cultural
Dimensions except:

A) collectivism II.
B) European management techniques.
C) assertiveness.
D) performance orientation.
E) humane orientation.

Question 80

An example of a short-term focus country (with respect to long-termism) would be:

A) Hong Kong.
B) Britain.
C) China.
D) Thailand.
E) Japan.