Deck 8: Digestive System and Nutrition

Question 1

List the layers of the gastrointestinal tract wall, starting with the outer layer and moving inward.

Answer 1

The outermost layer is the serosa layer that is the visceral peritoneum.
The next layer is the muscularis which consists of two layers of smooth muscle.
The 3rd layer is the submucosa which is a broad band of loose connective tissue that contains nerves, blood, and lymphatic vessels.
The innermost layer is the mucosa.

Question 2

What enzyme initiates the process of starch digestion in the mouth?

A) salivary lipase
B) salivary protease
C) salivary sucrase
D) salivary amylase
E) salivary lactase

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What is the correct order of components of the digestive tract?

A) mouth, esophagus, pharynx, small intestine, stomach, large intestine, rectum, and anus
B) mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, rectum, and anus
C) mouth, pharynx, stomach, esophagus, small intestine, rectum, large intestine, and anus
D) mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus
E) mouth, rectum, large intestine, small intestine, stomach, esophagus, pharynx, and anus

Answer 3

D

Question 4

All of the accessory organs of the digestive system send secretions to the small intestine.

Question 5

Explain the events of swallowing.

Question 6

Smooth muscles in the stomach are capable of mechanical digestion.

Question 7

Which accessory organ of the digestive system will process and store nutrients as well as producing bile for emulsification?

A) liver
B) gallbladder
C) pancreas
D) stomach
E) small intestine

Question 8

The dentist explained that dental caries are caused by

A) bacteria within the mouth metabolizing fatty acids.
B) yeast within the mouth metabolizing fatty acids.
C) bacteria within the mouth metabolizing proteins.
D) bacteria within the mouth metabolizing sugar.
E) enzymes within the mouth metabolizing sugars.

Question 9

What prevents food from entering the nasal cavities?

A) tonsils
B) mandible and maxilla
C) hard and soft palate
D) cheeks
E) salivary glands

Question 10

The broad band of loose connective tissue beneath the mucosa that contains blood vessels, lymph, and nerves is called the

A) mucosa.
B) submucosa.
C) muscularis.
D) serosa.
E) diverticulum.

Question 11

The layers of the gastrointestinal tract wall from the inside layer outward in order are

A) submucosa, muscularis, mucosa, serosa.
B) serosa, submucosa, muscularis, mucosa.
C) mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa.
D) muscularis, serosa, mucosa, submucosa.
E) mucosa, muscularis, serosa, submucosa.

Question 12

Today, physicians and dentists are concerned that gum disease is linked to ___________.

A) neurological disorders
B) peritonitis
C) vitamin deficiencies
D) cardiovascular disease
E) asthma

Question 13

Which of the following is not found in/on the tongue?

A) muscle
B) dentin
C) taste buds
D) mucous membrane
E) sensory receptors

Question 14

If your appendix bursts it may lead to a life threatening condition called

A) peritonitis.
B) diverticulitis.
C) rickets.
D) osteoporosis.
E) cirrhosis.

Question 15

Mr. Staub was rushed to the hospital because he had intense pain in his chest. After running tests on Mr. Staub it was determined that it was not suffering from a heart attack but from

A) diverticulitis.
B) gastroesophageal reflux disease.
C) gingivitis.
D) peridontitis.
E) inflammatory bowel syndrome.

Question 16

Which of following is not considered an accessory organ of the digestive system?

A) liver
B) salivary glands
C) small intestines
D) pancreas
E) gallbladder

Question 17

Swallowing consists of both a voluntary phase and a reflex action.

Question 18

The fleshy extension of the soft palate is known as the

A) epiglottis.
B) uvula.
C) pharynx.
D) adenoid.
E) cecum.

Question 19

The process of mechanical digestion includes

A) breakdown of food particles by enzymes.
B) physically making food smaller and easier to handle.
C) churning of food in the muscular stomach.
D) hydrolysis of nutrients.
E) absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?

A) to ingest food
B) to digest food into small nutrients so that the molecules can pass through membranes
C) to absorb nutrient molecules
D) to eliminate indigestible remains
E) to protect against pathogens

Question 21

The glottis closes off the larynx so the bolus of food enters the esophagus and not the trachea.

Question 22

Why is the pancreas both an endocrine and an exocrine gland?

A) It secretes bile through the pancreatic duct and insulin into the blood.
B) It secretes insulin through the pancreatic duct and bile into the blood.
C) It secretes secretin through the pancreatic duct and insulin into the blood.
D) It secretes pancreatic juice through the pancreatic duct and insulin into the blood.
E) It secretes insulin through the pancreatic duct and secretin into the blood.

Question 23

Pepsin is an enzyme that digests proteins at acidic pH. Therefore, it must act in the

A) stomach.
B) small intestine.
C) mouth.
D) large intestine.
E) esophagus.

Question 24

List the functions of the liver.

Question 25

What greatly increases the capacity of the stomach?

A) crypts
B) lumens
C) polyps
D) rugae
E) diverticula

Question 26

Which of the enzyme-substrate pairings is incorrect?

A) Nuclease-DNA
B) Lipase-fat
C) Pepsin-protein
D) Amylase-starch
E) Trypsin-carbohydrates

Question 27

The stomach is bounded on both ends by a sphincter.

Question 28

The small intestine is longer than the large intestine.

Question 29

The main symptoms of lactose intolerance are

A) internal bleeding and headaches.
B) dehydration and itching.
C) diarrhea and itching.
D) diarrhea and bloating.
E) shortness of breath and bloating.

Question 30

Which of the following is not associated with the stomach?

A) alcohol absorption
B) gastric glands
C) rugae
D) duodenum
E) pepsin

Question 31

Which of the following is not produced by the pancreas?

A) bile
B) sodium bicarbonate
C) amylase
D) trypsin
E) lipase

Question 32

The primary function of the stomach is to

A) break down fats.
B) store food, churn, and begin digestion.
C) absorb major nutrients.
D) package feces.
E) eliminate water and tissue fluid.

Question 33

Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

A) It helps regulate blood cholesterol levels.
B) It secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine.
C) It removes iron and certain vitamins from the blood and stores them.
D) It removes poisonous substances from the blood and detoxifies them.
E) It produces bile.

Question 34

What serves as an emulsifying agent for fats in the small intestine?

A) lipase
B) bile
C) amylase
D) pepsin
E) maltase

Question 35

The thick, soupy liquid of partially digested food that leaves the stomach is called

A) bolus.
B) pepsin.
C) chyme.
D) lacteal.
E) lipase.

Question 36

The small lymphatic capillaries that reside in the small intestines and absorb fats are known as

A) mesenteries.
B) lacteals.
C) gastric glands.
D) duodenal pits.
E) microvilli.

Question 37

Muscles that encircle tubes and act as circular valves are called

A) frenula.
B) sphincters.
C) cannula.
D) anastomoses.
E) buccinators.

Question 38

The process that pushes food through the esophagus is called

A) peritoneum.
B) periosteum.
C) peristalsis.
D) perineum.
E) peridontal.

Question 39

Which of the following is not associated with the small intestine?

A) many villi
B) gastric pits
C) brush border enzymes
D) lacteals
E) bile and lipase

Question 40

When Sheree opened the abdominal cavity of her preserved frog, it seemed to be filled with a dark brown organ. This is the

A) liver.
B) pancreas.
C) gallbladder.
D) stomach.
E) large intestine.

Question 41

The major portions of the large intestine include

A) the duodenum, cecum, and rectum.
B) the jejunum, colon, and anus.
C) the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus.
D) the colon, duodenum, cecum, and rectum.
E) the colon, anus, duodenum, and jejunum.

Question 42

What is the major function of the colon?

A) digestion/absorption
B) form feces
C) churning foodstuffs
D) passageway only
E) eliminate iron

Question 43

Constipation can be treated by adding fiber to the diet.

Question 44

Small growths arising from the epithelial lining of the colon are called

A) cysts.
B) villi.
C) polyps.
D) lacteals.
E) wheals.

Question 45

The secretions of digestive juices are controlled by the nervous system as well as by digestive hormones.

Question 46

A serious genetic disorder known as hemochromatosis is often called the rusty organ disease and affects nearly 1.5 million Americans. The disorder causes increased absorption of intestinal iron. Which organ is responsible for iron homeostasis?

A) brain
B) lungs
C) liver
D) gallbladder
E) spleen

Question 47

Why is it necessary to include some carbohydrates in the diet?

A) Carbohydrates are considered a "complete" nutrient.
B) Some carbohydrates contain essential fatty acids.
C) Some carbohydrates contain essential amino acids.
D) Carbohydrates are the only source of energy for the body.
E) Brain cells require glucose.

Question 48

Today, obesity is often defined as having a body mass index of 20 or greater.

Question 49

Why is bile a yellowish-greenish color?

A) It contains pancreatic juices.
B) It contains bilirubin.
C) It contains biliverdin.
D) It contains chlorophyll.
E) It contains cholesterol.

Question 50

Which of the following is a digestive hormone that causes the liver to increase its production of bile and the gallbladder to release stored bile?

A) GIP
B) CCK
C) HCl
D) ATP
E) NAD

Question 51

What is the relationship between Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease?

A) Crohn's disease is one of the most common inflammatory bowel diseases.
B) Inflammatory bowel disease is a type of Crohn's disease.
C) They are two separate diseases but both affect only the colon.
D) In Crohn's disease, the colon is affected, but in inflammatory bowel disease only the small intestine is affected.
E) In Crohn's disease, small pouches form in the muscularis, while in inflammatory bowel disease, inflammation occurs throughout the digestive tract.

Question 52

What type of hepatitis is usually acquired through blood transfusions or sexual contact?

A) B
B) A
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 53

The BMI is useful because it tells you how much of your weight is due to adipose tissue regardless of your fitness, bone structure, or gender.

Question 54

According to the BMI chart, a healthy BMI is in the range of

A) 18.5 to 24.9.
B) 25 to 29.9.
C) 30 or higher.
D) 40 or higher.
E) 50 or higher.

Question 55

The gallbladder produces bile.

Question 56

Which of the following will not reduce dietary lipids?

A) Remove skin from poultry.
B) Broil rather than fry.
C) Use butter instead of herbs and spices.
D) Use lemon juice instead of salad dressing.
E) Avoid packaged foods that contain hydrogenated fats.

Question 57

There is a hormone produced by the stomach that feeds back and acts on the stomach.

Question 58

Recent studies of an oyster-rich bay indicated a high coliform count. What should the fisheries officers do?

A) Nothing. A high coliform count is normal.
B) Nothing. This is good for oyster production.
C) Shut down the bay. This is harmful to humans who eat the oysters.
D) Shut down the bay. This is harmful to the oysters.
E) Nothing. A high coliform count would be beneficial to humans who ate the oysters.

Question 59

What is one benefit of normal flora in the large intestine?

A) absorb iron
B) absorb fats
C) produce vitamin B
D) produce bile
E) absorb water

Question 60

Chad was concerned about eating foods with a high glycemic index because these foods

A) can cause LDL levels to increase.
B) can cause HDL levels to decrease.
C) can cause fatty acids to build up.
D) can cause a rapid increase in blood glucose.
E) can cause a sudden drop in blood glucose levels.

Question 61

A deficiency in which mineral leads to thyroid deficiency?

A) iodine
B) copper
C) zinc
D) selenium
E) manganese

Question 62

About 90% of people suffering from anorexia nervosa are

A) young men.
B) older women.
C) young women.
D) older men.
E) seniors

Question 63

A diet rich in what vitamins may reduce the chance of free radicals that can cause health problems?

A) C and B₁₂
B) C, E, and A
C) D and C
D) D, C, and E
E) B₁₂, C, and E

Question 64

Which of the following is necessary for strong bones and teeth, nerve conduction, muscle contraction, and blood clotting?

A) calcium
B) iron
C) magnesium
D) sodium
E) sulfur

Question 65

Which vitamin is fat soluble?

A) vitamin C
B) vitamin E
C) vitamin B₆
D) vitamin B₁₂
E) biotin

Question 66

When a nutrition label states that something has "0" grams of trans fat, this might not mean there are no trans fats in the food.