Deck 18: Patterns of Chromosome Inheritance

Question 1

The centromere is the structure that holds the chromatids together.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

If a cell has 4 pairs of chromosomes, after mitosis each daughter cell will have how many chromosomes?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 8
D) 16
E) 32

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What is the structure that holds the chromatids together?

A) centromere
B) chromatin
C) chromosomes
D) karyotype
E) none of these

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In a karyotype, each chromosome contains two sister chromatids.

Question 5

How are G₁ and G₂ different?

A) The cell copies its DNA during G₁ but not G₂.
B) The cell does not grow during G₁ but doubles its organelles in G₂.
C) In G₁, the cell prepares to synthesize its DNA and in G₂, it synthesizes the proteins needed for cell division.
D) The cell spends much more time in G₂ than in G₁.
E) Mitosis occurs during G₁ but not during G₂.

Question 6

What is the term for the DNA and proteins found within the cell?

A) chromatin B. nucleus
C) karyotype
D) centromere
E) chromatids
F) none of these

Question 7

How are Jacobs and Klinefelter syndromes alike?

A) Both have only two X chromosomes.
B) Both have only two Y chromosomes.
C) Both have three sex chromosomes.
D) Both have one sex chromosome.
E) Both have only 45 chromosomes.

Question 8

Which cell could you not use to produce a karyotype?

A) white blood cells
B) red blood cells
C) epithelial cells
D) smooth muscle cells
E) skeletal muscle cells

Question 9

List the stages of mitosis and explain the key events during each of the stages.

Question 10

How are mitosis and cytokinesis alike?

A) Both involve the nucleus.
B) Both involve mitochondria.
C) Both involve division.
D) Both involve apoptosis.
E) Both involve DNA synthesis.

Question 11

In a karyotype it can be seen that a homologous pair of chromosomes will contain how many chromatids?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
E) six

Question 12

How many chromosome pairs does a human have?

A) 23
B) 25
C) 46
D) 50
E) 92

Question 13

From a karyotype, you could tell all of the following about the cell except whether

A) a fusion of two chromosomes had occurred.
B) a translocation had occurred between two chromosomes.
C) one chromosome was missing.
D) there were three copies of a chromosome present.
E) a particular gene contained a mutation.

Question 14

In a karyotype, the chromosomes are arranged in order from

A) largest to smallest, with the sex chromosomes at the end.
B) smallest to largest, with the sex chromosomes at the end.
C) largest to smallest, including the sex chromosomes.
D) smallest to largest, including the sex chromosomes.
E) sex chromosomes first and then smallest to the largest.

Question 15

How long does it take to proceed from prophase I to metaphase I in oogenesis?

A) One follows directly after the other.
B) There is usually a pause of about 1 hour.
C) It varies, but on the order of years.
D) There is a pause for a day.
E) There is a pause for about a month.

Question 16

How many of the chromosomes are considered autosomes?

A) 22 pairs
B) 22
C) 1 pair
D) 46
E) 23 pairs

Question 17

In which two phases of mitosis does the nuclear membrane appear or disappear?

A) prophase and metaphase
B) metaphase and anaphase
C) prophase and anaphase
D) anaphase and telophase
E) prophase and telophase

Question 18

Suppose that nondisjunction occurs during meiosis II in oogenesis, and each of the resulting 4 cells is fertilized with a normal sperm. How many cells are normal and how many have a chromosomal trisomy?

A) 1, 3
B) 2, 2
C) 3, 1
D) 2, 1
E) 1, 2

Question 19

List the stages of interphase and the events that occur during each of these stages.

Question 20

In what way is spermatogenesis similar to oogenesis?

A) Both occur continuously from puberty on.
B) Both result in 4 daughter cells.
C) Both result in cells with half the chromosome number.
D) Both are arrested in prophase I.
E) Both result in 1 or 2 polar bodies.

Question 21

Two sister chromatids are held together at the

A) centromere.
B) spindle.
C) aster.
D) telomere.
E) autosome.

Question 22

What structure is not divided during cytokinesis?

A) chromosomes
B) cell membrane
C) cell wall
D) cytoplasm
E) endoplasmic reticulum

Question 23

How do proto-oncogenes affect the cell cycle?

A) stimulate it
B) inhibit it
C) they do not affect the cell cycle
D) they cause it to temporarily pause and then rapidly accelerate
E) they rapidly accelerate it and then cause it to pause

Question 24

At which stage of mitosis do you first see the chromosomes appearing?

A) prophase
B) metaphase
C) anaphase
D) telophase
E) cytokinesis

Question 25

Cytokinesis is the division of the ___________.

A) cytoplasm
B) nucleus
C) chromosomes
D) chromatin
E) zygote

Question 26

At what 2 checkpoints does the cell check for the integrity of the DNA?

A) G₁ and G₂
B) G₁ and mitotic
C) G₂ and mitotic
D) cytokinesis and G₂
E) G₁ and cytokinesis

Question 27

What happens at the G₂ checkpoint?

A) The cell makes a commitment to divide.
B) The cell receives external signals to divide.
C) The cell checks that the DNA has replicated.
D) The cell makes sure the chromosomes are lined up correctly.
E) The cell enters G₀.

Question 28

Which of the following is not a stage of interphase?

A) cytokinesis
B) G₁
C) G₂
D) S

Question 29

The amount of time the cell takes for interphase is approximately 1 hour, plus or minus about 5 minutes.

Question 30

When does a chromosome go from one chromatid to two sister chromatids?

A) during G₁ of interphase
B) during S of interphase
C) during G₂ of interphase
D) during mitosis
E) during cytokinesis

Question 31

Which stage comes directly after interphase?

A) mitosis
B) cytokinesis
C) G₁
D) S
E) G₂

Question 32

External signals such as hormones and growth factors can stimulate a cell to go through the cell cycle.

Question 33

When a child is born, mitosis ceases to function.

Question 34

Which of the following is part of the mitotic spindle?

A) sister chromatid
B) nucleolus
C) nuclear membrane
D) aster
E) centromere

Question 35

What structures are divided during cytokinesis?

A) cytoplasm and organelles
B) cytoplasm and chromosomes
C) cell membrane and chromatin
D) nucleus
E) none of these

Question 36

At what stage of mitosis do sister chromatids become chromosomes?

A) prophase
B) metaphase
C) anaphase
D) telophase
E) cytokinesis

Question 37

At which stage of mitosis do the chromsomes look like the letter "V"?

A) prophase
B) metaphase
C) anaphase
D) telophase
E) cytokinesis

Question 38

What are the two parts of the cell cycle?

A) apoptosis and interphase
B) mitosis and cytokinesis
C) nucleus and cytoplasm
D) mitosis and meiosis
E) interphase and cell division

Question 39

Following mitosis, the daughter cells are identical to the parent cell.

Question 40

Which of the following is not a stage of mitosis?

A) interphase
B) prophase
C) metaphase
D) anaphase
E) telophase

Question 41

If an organism does not undergo meiosis, then it cannot undergo sexual reproduction.

Question 42

During which phase of meiosis will the homologous chromosomes pair up?

A) prophase I
B) prophase II
C) anaphase I
D) telophase II
E) metaphase I

Question 43

In what stage of meiosis does synapsis occur?

A) prophase I
B) prophase II
C) metaphase I
D) metaphase II
E) anaphase I

Question 44

When do the centromeres divide in meiosis?

A) prophase I
B) prophase II
C) anaphase I
D) anaphase II
E) telophase I

Question 45

If the parent cell has 24 chromosomes, and each of the daughter cells has 24 chromosomes, then the cell has undergone

A) mitosis.
B) meiosis I.
C) meiosis II.
D) G₁
E) none of these

Question 46

If there are 4 pairs of chromosomes, how many different combinations of chromosomes are possible?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 8
D) 16
E) 32

Question 47

Genetic variation is useful to evolution because environments change.

Question 48

If you are looking at a cell in which 2n = 16, and there appear to be 8 structures lined up at the metaphase plate, then you are looking at

A) mitosis.
B) meiosis.
C) interphase.
D) G₂.
E) G₁.

Question 49

If an organism has 4 pairs of chromosomes, after meiosis it will contain how many chromosomes?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 8
D) 16
E) 32

Question 50

Sexual reproduction introduces more genetic variation than does asexual reproduction.

Question 51

Which aspect of the cytoskeleton is involved in the cleavage furrow?

A) microtubules
B) intermediate filaments
C) actin filaments
D) centrioles
E) spindle fibers

Question 52

How many cells are produced as the result of meiosis and mitosis?

A) 4, 2
B) 2, 2
C) 2, 4
D) 4, 4
E) it varies each time the cells go through meiosis and mitosis

Question 53

Which phase of meiosis matches those of mitosis in regards to the events occurring in the cell?

A) anaphase II and anaphase
B) anaphase I and prophase
C) metaphase I and prophase
D) telophase II and telophase
E) none of the phases of meiosis will match up with mitosis

Question 54

List the stages of meiosis I and explain the events that occur during each stage.

Question 55

In meiosis there are how many divisions and how many daughter cells?

A) 1, 2
B) 1, 4
C) 2, 2
D) 2, 4
E) 2, 8

Question 56

Which division of meiosis is like mitosis?

A) meiosis I
B) meiosis II
C) G₁
D) S
E) G₂

Question 57

In both spermatogenesis and oogenesis, one sperm/egg forms from one primary spermatocyte/oocyte.

Question 58

In which stage of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate from each other?

A) metaphase I
B) metaphase II
C) anaphase I
D) anaphase II
E) interkinesis

Question 59

Independent alignment creates genetic variation. This is associated with which stage of meiosis?

A) prophase I
B) metaphase I
C) prophase II
D) metaphase II
E) anaphase II

Question 60

There is no mechanism to ensure the exact partitioning of the cytoplasm as there is of the DNA.

Question 61

All the products of oogenesis are equal in size and content.

Question 62

Which of the following is not a symptom of Down syndrome?

A) short stature
B) eyelid fold
C) flat face
D) stubby fingers
E) indeterminate genitalia

Question 63

If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis II, how many of the final 4 products will be abnormal?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 0
D) 1
E) 3

Question 64

The product(s) of meiosis I in spermatogenesis is/are

A) primary spermatocytes.
B) secondary spermatocytes.
C) spermatids.
D) spermatazoa.
E) 2 identical cells.

Question 65

Which type of change in chromosome structure characterizes cri du chat syndrome?

A) deletion
B) duplication
C) translocation
D) inversion
E) trisomy

Question 66

Which of the following syndromes has a karyotype with a missing X chromosome?

A) Turner syndrome
B) Klinefelter syndrome
C) Jacobs syndrome
D) Down syndrome
E) Williams syndrome

Question 67

What is the genetic makeup of an individual who has inherited Jacobs syndrome?

A) XYY
B) XXX
C) XXY
D) XO
E) none of these

Question 68

Trisomy of which pair of chromosomes has the greatest chance of survival?

A) XX
B) pair 13
C) pair 8
D) pair 3
E) pair 15

Question 69

Which chromosomal mutation will cause Williams syndrome?

A) deletion
B) duplication
C) inversion
D) translocation
E) trisomy

Question 70

If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis I, how many of the final 4 products will be abnormal?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 3
E) none

Question 71

If the secondary oocyte is not fertilized, it does not complete meiosis II.

Question 72

In a translocation, all of the DNA is present, and there is only one copy of each piece.

Question 73

Which of the following is associated with mental retardation in Down syndrome?

A) elevated levels of purines in the blood
B) increased tendency toward leukemia
C) increased tendency toward cataracts
D) accelerated rate of aging
E) thickening of the muscles of the tongue