Deck 9: Camera and Computer Arts

Question 1

Artists primarily used the camera obscura to:

A) produce naturalistic drawings of the world.
B) develop photographic film in total darkness.
C) spy on their neighbors.
D) protect their unexposed photographic plates from the sun.
E) None of these answers are correct.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Andy Warhol's film Empire:

A) is noted for its epic battle scenes.
B) cast thousands of actors from Italy.
C) is a film about watching time pass.
D) is an ingenious comic dialogue.
E) is the seminal film in the use of models and special effects.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Despite an enthusiastic public acceptance, the success of the daguerreotype was limited by:

A) a strict international patent.
B) the inability to make multiple images from one negative.
C) painters who believed photography was not art.
D) the invention of the motion picture.
E) the cost of silver.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The supervision by one individual or group over the artistic expression of another individual or group is known as:

A) editorial photography.
B) political arena.
C) censorship.
D) afterimage.
E) collodion process.

Question 5

Early examples of art photography often imitated:

A) Renaissance mosaics.
B) the Dada photographic collages of Hannah Höch.
C) film stills from grade-B Hollywood movies.
D) Leonardo da Vinci's realistic architectural designs.
E) the aesthetics of painting.

Question 6

The creation of a photographic body of work around an event, place, or culture is known as:

A) solarization.
B) photojournalism.
C) editorial photography.
D) Dada and surrealism.
E) abstraction.

Question 7

The Dada movement was formed as a reaction to:

A) pictorialism and photography of the American West.
B) television and video art.
C) the American Civil War.
D) World War I.
E) engineering and machinery.

Question 8

In 1878, Eadweard Muybridge photographed a galloping horse and discovered that:

A) racing horses keep at least one hoof on the ground at all times.
B) galloping horses occasionally have all four hooves off the ground.
C) racing horses resemble hobby-horses with legs stretched forward and backward.
D) off-track betting is an easy way to make a living.
E) light-sensitive materials of that day could not stop action.

Question 9

The use by artists of the camera obscura (literally dark room) began in:

A) classical Greece.
B) the court of Louis XVI.
C) the Italian Renaissance.
D) the Industrial Revolution.
E) the mid-19^th century.

Question 10

In 1888 the Kodak camera changed the history of photography:

A) by making photography easily accessible to the general public.
B) when George Eastman invented color film.
C) with the invention of the daguerreotype.
D) when the "snapshot" replaced art photography.
E) All these answers are correct.

Question 11

Artists like Peter Campus became interested in video because:

A) of its emphasis on narrative content.
B) video signals could be electronically manipulated into interesting images.
C) it was an easier medium to master.
D) it allowed them to develop their animated-film technique.
E) it enabled them to use commercials to finance their art.

Question 12

The work of Andreas Gursky exemplify the photographer's:

A) manipulation and combination of different photographic images in one work.
B) editorial approach to photography.
C) commitment to unmanipulated, "straight" photography.
D) intention to make the viewer become part of the photograph as he or she moves through it.
E) None of these answers are correct.

Question 13

Dada collage artist Hannah Höch used "found" photographs to express:

A) artistic composition.
B) the overwhelming experience of the mechanized city.
C) disgust with a civilization that allowed the slaughter of World War I.
D) All of these.
E) None of these answers are correct.

Question 14

________ was a photographer who became dissatisfied with pictorialism and promoted the idea that photography should be true to its own nature rather than trying to imitate painting.

A) Henry Peach Robinson
B) Joseph Nicéphore Niépce
C) Alfred Steiglitz
D) Julia Margaret Cameron
E) Thomas Ruff

Question 15

A daguerreotype was an early photographic method created using a:

A) carte de visite.
B) copper plate covered with silver iodine.
C) rayogram.
D) plate of glass.
E) gelatin silver print.

Question 16

A major difference between the work of a "pure" or "straight" photographer, such as Alfred Stieglitz, and the work of a documentary photographer, such as Dorothea Lange, is:

A) the choice of subject matter.
B) the era in which the photographers worked.
C) the different intentions of each photographer.
D) the invention of the digital camera.
E) the cost of hiring models.

Question 17

The Lumière brothers:

A) originated the concept of the auteur in filmmaking.
B) invented the first workable film projector.
C) invented the first recorded film soundtrack.
D) collaborated with Thomas Edison in making short films.
E) None of these answers are correct.

Question 18

Julia Margaret Cameron is renowned for her:

A) surrealist photographs.
B) pop-art films.
C) portraits.
D) photojournalism.
E) video art.

Question 19

________ is closely associated with Alfred Stieglitz's assertion that for photography to be an art, it should be true to its own nature.

A) Sand Springs, Nevada
B) Fading Away
C) The Steerage
D) Migrant Mother
E) Substratum 12 III

Question 20

The Farm Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Agriculture:

A) hired filmmaker Alfred Hitchcock to make a film about crop dusting.
B) encouraged Future Farmers of America to photograph activities related to dairy farming and everyday rural life.
C) owned controlling shares of the Eastman Kodak Company in 1929.
D) sponsored photography classes in high schools across the country.
E) paid photographers to document the Great Depression.

Question 21

Consider the meaning of "truth" in terms of the photographer's art. Discuss the concepts of "truth" presented in this chapter and make personal observations about these ideas as they relate to photography, film, and video.

Question 22

Consider Daguerre's Le Boulevard du Temple. Discuss the reason that this image is important to the history of photography and the difficulties inherent in the production of this image.

Question 23

Compare and contrast the ways in which still photography, film, television, video, and computer technologies have transformed mass communications. Make specific reference to several recent examples of mass communication in which these technologies were used to convey messages through various types of images.

Question 24

Discuss several techniques that a portrait photographer might use to communicate the personality of a person, as well as his or her appearance. How would painters or sculptors convey these same characteristics with the conventional tools of their media?

Question 25

Man Ray created mysterious images, called _________, that looked like ordinary photographs but did not require a camera to record them.

A) Albumen print
B) chromogenic color print
C) collage photography
D) silver gelatins
E) Rayograms

Question 26

Outline the history of the development of the camera from the early camera obscura to the advent of color film. Emphasize the major differences that marked each new development in photography.

Question 27

Trace the history of debate over whether photography is a fine art. Analyze three photographs in relation to this debate, discussing the photographers' intentions and their relationship to this debate.

Question 28

Consider Warhol's Empire; an image from the film is included in the text. This avant-garde film challenged the conventions of studio-made films. How did it do so? Consider the history of cinema and this film's relationship to traditional narrative and editing. How does this film relate to other aspects of this artist's work?

Question 29

Consider Lange's Migrant Mother. Identify the decade in which this photograph was made. Define and discuss the purposes of photojournalism, using the work of this photographer as an example of the process by which a photojournalist works to document not just a single image but a historical epoch.

Question 30

Discuss how editing emerged as fundamental to filmmaking and give an example of a film, and director, demonstrating the development and technique of film editing.

Question 31

Discuss the "auteur" in filmmaking and cite an example of a New Wave filmmaker. How do New Wave films depart from mainstream filmmaking?

Question 32

Nam Jun Paik is best known for:

A) Internet art.
B) Pop art.
C) video art.
D) photojournalism.
E) stop motion photography.

Question 33

A(n) _________ is a director whose films are marked by a consistent, individual style and is closely involved in conceiving the idea for the film's story and writing the script.

A) auteur
B) photojournalist
C) videographer
D) Dadaist
E) filmmaker