Deck 9: Cannabis: a New Look at an Ancient Plant

Question 1

______ receptors are the most abundant G-protein coupled receptors in the CNS.

A)CB1
B)CB2
C)THC
D)Dopamine

Answer 1

A

Question 2

CB2 receptors are the mostly found:

A)in the amygdala.
B)in the hypothalamus.
C)in the cerebellum.
D)outside the central nervous system.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

_____ is devoid of psychoactive properties.

A)Spice
B)Cannabis
C)Cannabidiol
D)Anandamide

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Cannabis use probably originated from:

A)India.
B)North America.
C)China.
D)Africa.

Question 5

_____ is dried,shredded plant material treated with a synthetic cannabinoid analog.

A)Spice
B)Cannabis
C)Cannabidiol
D)Anandamide

Question 6

It is estimated that about _____ percent of twelfth graders have used marijuana in the past month in 2016.

A)10
B)14
C)18
D)22

Question 7

__________ is marijuana's primary psychoactive ingredient.

A)Cannabinol (CBN)
B)Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
C)Cannabidiol (CBD)
D)Sinsemilla

Question 8

According to the U.S.National Survey on Drug Use and Health,about _____ percent of adults have used marijuana in the past year.

A)11
B)14
C)17
D)20

Question 9

__________ is the major psychoactive ingredient in the marijuana plant.

A)Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
B)Cannaninol.
C)Cannabidiol.
D)Anandamide.

Question 10

_____ is more potent in THC than _____.

A)Sinsemilla; marijuana
B)Bhang; charas
C)Ganja; hashish
D)Marijuana; ganja

Question 11

_____ is more potent in THC than _____,which is more potent than _____.

A)Marijuana; hashish; ganja
B)Ganja; hashish; bhang
C)Hashish; ganja; marijuana
D)Charas; marijuana; sinsemilla

Question 12

Hashish and marijuana differ mainly in their:

A)solubility in water.
B)potency.
C)efficacy.
D)effect on respiration.

Question 13

The compound believed to be the endogenous marijuana ligand is:

A)delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol.
B)cannaninol.
C)cannabidiol.
D)anandamide.

Question 14

At the cellular level,the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide binds to:

A)dopamine receptors.
B)serotonin receptors.
C)directly gated ion channels.
D)cannabinoid receptors.

Question 15

CBD is thought to have all the following actions EXCEPT:

A)anandamide agonist
B)serotonin agonist
C)CB1 antagonist
D)CB2 agonist

Question 16

CBD is an _____ to _____ receptors.

A)agonist; CB1
B)agonist; serotonin
C)antagonist; CB1
D)antagonist; norepinephrine

Question 17

THC is an _____ to _____ receptors.

A)agonist; only CB1
B)agonist; all CB
C)antagonist; only CB1
D)antagonist; all CB

Question 18

In North America,cannabis became a staple crop in the 1600s for the production of:

A)rope.
B)oil.
C)medicine.
D)fertilizer.

Question 19

CBD is an _____ to _____ receptors.

A)agonist; CB2
B)agonist; serotonin
C)antagonist; CB2
D)antagonist; serotonin

Question 20

_____ is more potent in THC than _____.

A)Sinsemilla; charas
B)Bhang; charas
C)Hashish; ganja
D)Marijuana; sinsemilla

Question 21

THC is stored in:

A)neurons.
B)body fat.
C)muscle.
D)liver cells.

Question 22

The amount of THC absorbed depends upon all of the following EXCEPT:

A)how long the smoke is held in the lungs.
B)the amount of THC in the cigarette.
C)the method of harvesting the marijuana.
D)how deeply the smoker inhales.

Question 23

CBD's works directly by being an _____ to _____.

A)agonist; FABP
B)agonist; FAAH
C)antagonist; FABP
D)antagonist; FAAH

Question 24

Marijuana may be eaten with the advantage that oral administration:

A)eliminates first pass metabolism.
B)results in more rapid onset of effects.
C)results in longer duration of effects.
D)reduces the craving for sweet foods.

Question 25

Anandamide is metabolized by ______ found in the ______ neuron.

A)FAAH; postsynaptic
B)FAAH; presynaptic
C)MGL; postsynaptic
D)MGL; presynaptic

Question 26

Urine testing for marijuana:

A)focuses on identification of dicarboxy-THC,the active metabolite of THC.
B)indicates use patterns but only in chronic users.
C)suggests a perfect correlation between use patterns and the presence of carboxy-THC.
D)is not indicative of a pharmacologically significant amount of THC being present in the blood.

Question 27

The "high" associated with smoking one marijuana cigarette is associated with:

A)1 gram of drug per milliliter of plasma.
B)25 to 50 milligrams in the plasma.
C)more than 50 milligrams,but less than 1 gram in the plasma.
D)5 to 10 nanograms per milliliter of plasma.

Question 28

In the early 1990s,__________,the first endogenous cannabinoid,was isolated.

A)2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG)
B)AEE
C)anandamide
D)CB2-alpha

Question 29

The effect of AEA or 2-AG to eCB receptors is to open ______ channels.

A)sodium
B)potassium
C)chloride
D)calcium

Question 30

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)THC is excreted mostly unchanged.
B)THC is metabolized only to an active metabolite.
C)THC is metabolized only to an inactive metabolite.
D)THC is metabolized to an active and then subsequently to an inactive metabolite.

Question 31

__________ appears to be anandamides major mechanism of action.

A)Presynaptic facilitation
B)Postsynaptic facilitation
C)Presynaptic inhibition
D)Postsynaptic inhibition

Question 32

_____ is the most abundant nonpsychoactive ingredient in marijuana.

A)Anandamide
B)THC
C)2-AG
D)CBD

Question 33

The organic compound __________ is the active metabolite of THC.

A)11-hydroxy-delta-9-THC
B)carboxy-THC (COOH-THC)
C)dicarboxy-THC (dCOOH-THC)
D)11-nor-9-carboxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol

Question 34

Urine tests that screen for psychoactive drug use look for the presence of:

A)11-hydroxy-delta-9-THC.
B)carboxy-THC (COOH-THC).
C)dicarboxy-THC (dCOOH-THC).
D)11-nor-9-carboxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol.

Question 35

The endogenous cannabinoids,AEA and 2-AG are synthesized:

A)by mitochondria.
B)on demand.
C)from neuropeptides.
D)and then stored in vesicles.

Question 36

Following inhalation,the effects of THC involve approximately ______ of the drug and last about _____.

A)5 to 10 nanograms; 2 to 3 hours
B)50 to 100 nanograms; 3 to 4 hours
C)500 to 0.1 grams; 12 hours
D)1 to 5 grams; 30 to 60 hours

Question 37

Endocannabinoids appear to differ from typical neurotransmitters in that they:

A)bind to postsynaptic receptors.
B)are synthesized on demand.
C)cause presynaptic autoreceptors to run in reverse.
D)bind to heteroreceptors on the postsynaptic membrane.

Question 38

Endocannabinoids are thought to be taken back up into neurons by:

A)sodium channels.
B)potassium channels.
C)calcium channels.
D)endocannabinoid membrane transporters.

Question 39

Once endocannabinoids bind to CB receptors they:

A)are degraded.
B)are absorbed by surrounding glial cells.
C)bind to presynaptic receptors and inhibited further release.
D)also bind to calcium channels.

Question 40

Users experience a "high" when plasma concentrations reach ______ nanograms of drug per milliliter of plasma.

A)5 to 10
B)10 to 15
C)15 to 20
D)20 to 25

Question 41

THC:

A)facilitates memory.
B)impairs the encoding process of memory.
C)facilitates the encoding process of memory.
D)impairs all stages of memory.

Question 42

The characteristic effect of appetite stimulation by marijuana is due to:

A)activation of CB2 receptors.
B)stimulation of endocannabinoids.
C)activation of an as yet unknown class of receptors.
D)stimulation of CB1 receptors.

Question 43

Smoking marijuana:

A)causes an initial increase in heart rate that is dose-dependent.
B)stimulates salivary production.
C)dilates brain arteries.
D)constricts corneal blood vessels.

Question 44

Cannabis has been shown to help treat all of the following EXCEPT:

A)diabetes.
B)glaucoma.
C)epilepsy.
D)brain injury.

Question 45

Which of the following statement is TRUE?

A)Adverse effects on cognition have been shown in marijuana users that persist for many years after people stop smoking.
B)Marijuana smokers have lingering effects on short-term memory even 30 days after they stop smoking.
C)After 30 days of abstinence,the cognitive effects associated with marijuana use appear to disappear.
D)Marijuana use during adolescence has no apparent effect on adult IQ.

Question 46

Marijuana disrupts memory via effects on:

A)CB1 receptors in the hippocampus.
B)CB2 receptors in the frontal cortex.
C)CB1 receptors in the fornix.
D)CB2 receptors in the hippocampus.

Question 47

THC:

A)reduces appetite for sweet foods.
B)increases appetite for sweet foods.
C)reduces appetite for salty foods.
D)increases appetite for salty foods.

Question 48

Sativex:

A)is useful for multiple sclerosis (MS)patients since it reduces spasticity-related pain.
B)is approved for use in the United States.
C)is a 3:1 mixture of THC and cannabidiol.
D)has a direct effect by blocking pain in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS).

Question 49

The presence of THC is effective in reducing pain associated with persistent inflammation resulting in less opiate needed to control pain.This effect is known as opioid-______ action.

A)enhancing
B)sparing
C)inhibiting
D)blocking

Question 50

THC impairs the following stage of memory:

A)encoding.
B)consolidation.
C)retrieval.
D)all of the above.

Question 51

Chronic use of marijuana by males is associated with all of the following EXCEPT:

A)increased risk of testicular cancer.
B)reduced male fertility.
C)reduced testosterone.
D)reduced sperm count.

Question 52

The effects on THC on memory appear to be due to effects on the ______ receptor in the ______.

A)CB1; hippocampus
B)CB1; cortex
C)CB2; hippocampus
D)CB2; piriform cortex

Question 53

Cannabis holds promise to treat all of the following EXCEPT:

A)Alzheimer's disease.
B)schizophrenia.
C)anxiety disorders.
D)cancer.

Question 54

All of the following are effects caused by marijuana EXCEPT:

A)immunosuppression.
B)bronchial relaxation.
C)an initial dose-dependent increase in heart rate.
D)reduced levels of testosterone,sperm count,and viability in chronic users.

Question 55

Large numbers of cannabinoid receptors in the hippocampus may explain effects of THC on:

A)memory.
B)motor function.
C)aggression.
D)cognition.

Question 56

High doses of THC:

A)induce death by respiratory depression.
B)induce death by stroke.
C)induce death by severe hypotension.
D)are rarely lethal.

Question 57

The effect of THC is _____ heart rate and _____ of brain arteries.

A)increased; dilation
B)decreased; dilation
C)decreased; constriction
D)increased; constriction

Question 58

Infants of marijuana-using mothers:

A)are smaller than normal.
B)show typical behavioral reflexes.
C)exhibit chronic withdrawal from painful stimuli.
D)display hypervigilant responses to visual stimuli.

Question 59

THC has been shown to be an effective pain treatment for all of the following types of pain EXCEPT:

A)spasticity.
B)inflammation
C)noncancerous
D)neuropathic

Question 60

CBD is an _____ to FAAH and an _____ to anandamide.

A)agonist; agonist
B)agonist; antagonist
C)antagonist; agonist
D)antagonist; antagonist

Question 61

Once withdrawal symptoms of marijuana begin,they last for at least _____ day(s).

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 62

All of the following are potential symptoms of synthetic cannabinoids EXCEPT:

A)death.
B)coma.
C)psychosis.
D)immunosuppression.

Question 63

Evidence suggests that tolerance to cannabis is due to the:

A)upregulation of CB1 receptors.
B)downregulation of CB1 receptors.
C)upregulation of CB2 receptors.
D)downregulation of CB2 receptors.

Question 64

__________ is the most effective replacement therapy for cannabis withdrawal.

A)Mirtazapine
B)Dronabinol
C)Bupropion
D)Naltrexone

Question 65

Research suggests that early cannabis use may:

A)decrease the risk of psychosis.
B)increase the risk of psychosis.
C)decrease the risk of bipolar disorder.
D)increase the risk of bipolar disorder.

Question 66

Treatment of cannabis withdrawal and craving involves all of the following EXCEPT:

A)disulfiram (Antabuse).
B)family-based interventions.
C)contingency management techniques.
D)cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Question 67

All of the following represent additional compounds that have been found to act on CB receptors EXCEPT:

A)aminoalkylindoles.
B)benzoylindoles.
C)cyclohexylphenols.
D)dihexylphenols.

Question 68

Cannabis replacement therapy has been most effective using:

A)2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG).
B)dronabinol (Marinol).
C)anandamide.
D)cannabidiol.

Question 69

Which of the following drugs has lethal toxic effects?

A)THC
B)CBD
C)Synthetic cannabinoids
D)endocannabinoids

Question 70

Experienced marijuana users may be sensitized to the effects of the drug.Which of the following reasons is NOT a reason for this tolerance?

A)THC accumulates in the fat tissue of regular users; smoking more marijuana liberates the remaining THC producing a quicker "high."
B)CB1 receptors are upregulated in regular users.
C)An awareness to the subjective effects of the drug must be developed in novice users-regular users know what to expect.
D)Regular users know how to smoke marijuana to get a sufficient dose of THC-new users have to learn this process.

Question 71

Rimonabant,sometimes used to treat cannabis withdrawal,is a(n):

A)cannabinoid antagonist.
B)cannabinoid agonist.
C)anticonvulsant.
D)analgesic.

Question 72

Withdrawal symptoms of marijuana typically begin within _____ hours after drug use stops.

A)12
B)24
C)48
D)60

Question 73

______ is reportedly more than 100 times as potent as THC.

A)Nabilone (Cesamet)
B)Dronabinol (Marinol)
C)HU-210
D)Cyclohexylphenol

Question 74

The primary mechanism of tolerance to THC is a(n)_____ receptors.

A)downregulation of CB1
B)downregulation of CB2
C)upregulation of CB1
D)upegulation of CB2