Deck 14: Team Leadership

Question 1

Factor(s) that contribute to leadership effectiveness and rise of female leaders include all of the following except

A) Organizational culture is changing.
B) Greater negotiation power for women.
C) Higher effectiveness when the majority of subordinates are men.
D) Effectiveness and predominance of women owned businesses.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Norma and Joel work in a legal firm. They both are aware of a potential promotion coming up soon. In the last project they did, Joel put most of the paperwork on Norma, and she gladly took on the extra workload. However, when their boss was complimenting the project, Norma let Joel take the credit and acted as if they both did the same amount of work. This is an example of what advancement barrier for Norma?

A) Gender stereotypes
B) Work experience
C) Developmental opportunities
D) Self-promotion

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What does the term velvet ghetto refer to?

A) The double standard in female leadership roles
B) Choosing the "mommy track"
C) Women leaving organizations to become entrepreneurs
D) The field of human resource management

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Due to researchers identifying problems with the term glass ceiling, an alternative metaphor now used is

A) Glass escalator.
B) Leadership labyrinth.
C) Whirlpool effect.
D) Corporate cupboard.

Question 5

According to research, one way women can advance in leadership is

A) By blending individualized consideration with inspirational motivation.
B) By strongly resisting stereotype threats.
C) By acting masculine and assertive, and not in feminine ways.
D) By leading in a more democratic manner than men.

Question 6

Which of the following leadership traits or skills is more likely to belong to men than to women?

A) Intelligence
B) Initiative
C) Persuasiveness
D) Authoritative

Question 7

In 2008, what percentage of privately owned businesses were women-owned?

A) 75%
B) 15%
C) 40%
D) 20%

Question 8

According to research, when a woman leader encounters gender-leader stereotypes, her likely response

A) Is to ignore it if it is an isolated gender stereotype threat.
B) Is to push back more strongly if the threats are combined.
C) Is to seek support from a more powerful leader in the organization.
D) Is to display a vulnerable response if the threats are combined.

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Men earn more bachelor's degrees than women.
B) Thirty percent of the U.S. Congress is made up of women.
C) Women make up 50% of people in managerial/professional positions.
D) Women have as much work experience and job continuity as men.

Question 10

A meta-analysis comparing the effectiveness of female and male leaders found all of these except

A) Overall women and men were equally effective leaders.
B) Women and men were more effective in leadership role congruent with their gender.
C) Men were more effective than women in government, and education organizations.
D) Women led in a more democratic style than men.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is false?

A) Women are showing a greater presence in top leadership positions.
B) Men earn more bachelor's degrees than women.
C) Women still have less employment continuity than men.
D) Organizations with women heading them have more financial success.

Question 12

Dora is in charge of the third-shift cashiers at 24-hour superstore. She has worked there for 5 years and recently found out there is an opportunity to make more money if she can move to the stock room and manage the employees there. Dora goes to her boss, Gary, and asks if she can be considered for the transfer and promotion. Gary tells Dora, "Sorry, we really need someone that can lift and throw stock around, so I'm going to give it to one of our guys." What advancement barrier is Dora facing?

A) Developmental opportunities
B) Gender stereotypes
C) Style and effectiveness
D) Negotiation

Question 13

In the area of human capital differences, what is not true for women?

A) They have fewer responsibilities in the same jobs as men.
B) They confront greater barriers to establish mentor relationships.
C) They occupy more than half of all management and professional positions.
D) They tend to self-select themselves out of leadership tracks.

Question 14

Research on transformational leadership did not find that

A) All four components of transformational leadership are positively related to leadership effectiveness.
B) Men tend to engage in more contingent reward behavior than women.
C) Women tend to engage in more contingent reward behavior than men.
D) Men's styles tend to be less transformational than women's.

Question 15

Which of the following is not a cited reason for women's underrepresentation in leadership roles?

A) Human capital
B) Gender differences
C) Prejudice
D) Intelligence

Question 16

What is not a result found by meta-analysis on characteristics and behaviors of female and male leaders?

A) Women devalued when they worked in male-dominated environments.
B) Women devalued when the evaluators were men.
C) Women evaluated favorably when they used directive or autocratic styles.
D) Women led in a more democratic style than men.

Question 17

In the 1970s, popular press reported

A) Women were inferior to men when it came to leadership.
B) Women had skills and traits necessary for management success.
C) Women were better in middle management positions.
D) Women and men were equal in managerial skills.

Question 18

Human capital differences for women include all the following except

A) Developmental opportunities.
B) Work-home conflict.
C) Self-promotion.
D) Education.

Question 19

In the "promoting leadership effectiveness" model, what is a listed goal at the interpersonal level?

A) Decreasing gender stereotypes
B) Organizational changes
C) Using effective leadership styles
D) Gender equity in domestic responsibilities

Question 20

What scholar(s) used meta-analysis to research gender and leadership style?

A) Eagly and Carli
B) Heilman
C) Bowles and McGinn
D) Powell and Vecchio

Question 21

Studies have shown that men are less effective than women when they supervise a higher proportion of male subordinates.

Question 22

The majority of organizational research applies equally well to people of all colors, abilities, and sexual orientations.

Question 23

What characteristic is considered a gender stereotype of women?

A) Independence
B) Rationality
C) Decisiveness
D) Helpfulness

Question 24

Research data suggests the glass ceiling is beginning to crack.

Question 25

According to research, which of the following is not a described level of promoting leadership effectiveness?

A) Interpersonal level
B) Organizational level
C) Governmental level
D) Individual level

Question 26

The research on female and male leadership has generally tended to focus on establishing differences between women and men.

Question 27

What evidence is there for the existence of a glass ceiling?

Question 28

What decade did researchers start paying attention to issues of gender and leadership?

A) 1960s
B) 1970s
C) 1980s
D) 1990s

Question 29

Meta-analysis shows that women are substantially more effective than men in middle management positions.

Question 30

Women are less likely than men to negotiate for what they want.

Question 31

When both genders use an autocratic, directive leadership style, females are evaluated differently than men.

Question 32

Research shows that male leaders tend to have better developed social skills than female leaders.

Question 33

Developing and promoting women leaders are in the best interest of employers.

Question 34

Many studies have shown that organizations often have higher standards of performance and effort for women.

Question 35

Meta-analysis shows that women and men leaders have many similarities.

Question 36

According to the leadership labyrinth, which of the following is a characteristic of prejudice?

A) Work-home conflict
B) Cross-pressures
C) Style and effectiveness
D) Work experience

Question 37

Which of the following is not listed as a gender difference in the leadership labyrinth?

A) Self-promotion
B) Cross-pressures
C) Style and effectiveness
D) Commitment and motivation

Question 38

Women are stereotyped with agentic characteristics.

Question 39

Explain the "pipeline" argument regarding women's advancement to leadership positions and offer evidence to support or refute it.

Question 40

Based on the information in this chapter, what advice would you give a woman who wants to advance to executive leadership in her organization?

Question 41

Describe the social costs that women leaders experience for promoting themselves.

Question 42

Explain how stereotype activation, stereotype assimilation, and stereotype reactance relate to women's leadership performance.

Question 43

Discuss the meaning of this statement: "Gender biases can be particularly detrimental in the decision-making processes for selecting elite leaders, given that the generally unstructured nature of those decisions allows biased decisions without accountability."