Deck 3: Health and Health Habits

Question 1

Raymond is a 69-year-old male who lives in the south. It is most likely that he lives:

A) in a nursing home.
B) in a skilled care facility.
C) in a community dwelling.
D) in an assisted living facility.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

After falling on the ice and breaking three of her ribs, Kathleen is having trouble with ADLs. Which of the following is an example of an ADL?

A) bathing
B) dusting
C) paying bills
D) preparing meals

Answer 2

A

Question 3

is estimated that 20 percent of the elderly have pathological levels of anxiety. Which of the following is NOT an anxiety disorder?

A) phobias
B) agoraphobia
C) dysthymic disorder
D) PTSD

Answer 3

C

Question 4

probability of contracting an illness is called the _________ rate.

A) incidence
B) prevalence
C) mortality
D) morbidity

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE?

A) Those over 65 years of age are more likely than younger adults to suffer from chronic conditions.
B) The mortality rate for adults in the U.S. rises sharply between ages 45 and 50.
C) Across all age groups, the number one killer is accidents.
D) Those over 65 and young adults are equally likely to suffer from acute conditions, such as the common cold or the flu.

Question 6

probability of dying in any given year in the United States is best described as _______.

A) increasing with age, and increasing for females more quickly than males
B) less than 20 percent for males and females over the age of 85
C) 1 percent for adult males aged 15-24
D) greater for females across all age groupings

Question 7

Which of the following are the 2 leading causes of death among adults in their 40s and 50s in the U.S.?

A) cancer and AIDS
B) accidents and heart disease
C) heart disease and cancer
D) AIDS and accidents

Question 8

Which of the following is the most common cause of death in adults between ages 25and 44 in the U.S.?

A) AIDS
B) cancer
C) accidents
D) heart disease

Question 9

Which of the following is the most common cause of death in adults between ages 25and 44 in the U.S.?

A) AIDS
B) cancer
C) accidents
D) heart disease

Question 10

Dressing yourself, bathing, walking a short distance, using a toilet, and eating without assistance are all examples of what gerontologists call _______.

A) self-help skills
B) activities of daily living
C) grooming skills
D) daily behaviors

Question 11

Across the adult years, the 12-month prevalence of most mental disorders increases from young adulthood to middle adulthood and then declines, with the lowest rates being ________________(Kessler, Berglund, Demler, et al., 2005).

A) for teenagers who are between 17-19 years old
B) for young adults who are 20-27 years old
C) for middle age adults who are 45-55 years old
D) for adults who are 60 years of age and older

Question 12

probability of dying in any given year is called the _________ rate.

A) morbidity
B) prevalence
C) mortality
D) incidence

Question 13

Which group of adults has the worst health and the lowest life expectancy in the U.S.?

A) Asian Americans
B) Hispanic Americans
C) American Indians and Alaskan Natives
D) African Americans

Question 14

Which of the following diseases is the leading cause of death in late adulthood in the United States and other developed countries?

A) cancer
B) accidents
C) heart disease
D) pneumonia

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding cardiovascular disease?
A) The death rate has been increasing over the past two decades.

A) age
B) It is an inevitable part of aging.
B) cholesterol
C) It is the leading cause of death for men in the U.S., but not for women.

Question 16

is the age-related pattern of acute and chronic diseases over adulthood?

A) Acute illness declines with age, while chronic illness increases.
B) Chronic illness declines with age, while acute illness increases.
C) Both chronic and acute illness increase with age.
D) Both chronic and acute illness decline with age.

Question 17

is a 22-year-old college student. Unlike his 70-year-old grandmother, John is most likely to die from ________.

A) cancer
B) an accident
C) suicide
D) homicide

Question 18

researchers ask young, middle-aged, and older adults to rate their own health, what age pattern do they find?

A) The percentage who describe their health as excellent or very good declines rapidly with age; by age 65, only a very small number choose such a description.
B) The percentage who describe their health as excellent declines with age, but 2/3 of those over 75 still rate their health as at least good.
C) There is little change with age in the percentage who describe their health as excellent, but a substantial rise among those over 65 who describe their health as poor.
D) Self-rated health remains essentially constant over age, because older adults adjust their standards of "excellent" or "good."

Question 19

Compared to men, women_______.

A) contract fatal diseases (such as cancer or heart disease) at about the same average ages as men, but survive longer with such diseases.
B) remain in good health much longer, without significant disability or disease.
C) have more chronic health condition, but contract fatal diseases later in life.
D) contract fatal diseases at later average ages and have decreased incidences of depression and anxiety.

Question 20

term used to describe any significant global deterioration in intellectual abilities in older adults is _______.

A) Alzheimer's disease
B) dementia
C) depression
D) Parkinson's disease

Question 21

greatest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease is:

A) age
B) having a first-degree relative with Alzheimer's.
C) exhibiting visuospatial deficits
D) smoking marijuana

Question 22

Alzheimer's disease is one form of _______.

A) dementia
B) depression
C) coronary heart disease
D) immune system breakdown

Question 23

term used to describe a disease of the arteries in which there is a gradual build-up of fat-laden deposits is _______.

A) high blood pressure
B) atherosclerosis
C) cholesterol
D) heart attack

Question 24

After examining the evidence regarding cardiovascular disease and gender, Bjorklund concluded that _______.

A) the first symptoms of a heart attack for men are usually fatigue and nausea.
B) the symptoms of a heart attack for women are often the same as those of men.
C) the majority of females who die suddenly of cardiovascular disease have had previous symptoms, especially crushing chest pain.
D) heart attacks are just as dangerous for women as for men.

Question 25

Dementia caused by ____________ is the most prevalent type of dementia.

A) Parkinson's disease
B) multiple small strokes
C) multiple concussions
D) Alzheimer's disease

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a well-established risk factor for one or more types of cancer?

A) smoking
B) high blood pressure
C) a family history of cancer
D) being overweight

Question 27

Across the adult years, the 12-month prevalence of most mental disorders increases from young adulthood to middle adulthood and then declines, with the lowest rates being ________________(Kessler, Berglund, Demler, et al., 2005).

A) for teenagers who are between 17-19 years old
B) for young adults who are 20-27 years old
C) for middle age adults who are 45-55 years old
D) for adults who are 60 years of age and older

Question 28

term used to describe any significant global deterioration in intellectual abilities in older adults is _______.

A) Alzheimer's disease
B) dementia
C) depression
D) Parkinson's disease

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT one of the top three causes of death for individuals between the ages of 15 and 24?

A) accidents
B) cancer
C) homicide
D) suicide

Question 30

last few decades have seen advances in identifying genes associated with Alzheimer's disease. The gene_______ increases one's risk for Alzheimer's disease.

A) BN4
B) OB2
C) PS4
D) APOEE4

Question 31

Which of the following is TRUE of diabetes?

A) The two types of diabetes are both preventable.
B) The incidence of type 2 diabetes has decreased in recent years.
C) Diabetes is a major cause of blindness, kidney disease, and amputations of feet and legs.
D) Type 1 diabetes is related to obesity and lack of exercise.

Question 32

Which of the following poor health habits increases a person's risk of both heart disease and cancer?

A) low-fiber diet
B) smoking
C) insufficient sleep
D) skipping breakfast

Question 33

results from older adults' self-reports (surveys) of their health found that _______.

A) there is no longer a need for objective measures of health because they measure the same thing.
B) only about 40% of adults over 75 rate their health as good to excellent.
C) young adults were less likely than older adults to rate their health as excellent.
D) the overwhelming majority of adults over 65 rate their health as fair or poor.

Question 34

Which of the following is the most accurate description of the relationship of atherosclerosis to aging?

A) It is an inevitable part of aging. All adults show some atherosclerotic change, and these changes are irreversible.
B) It is an inevitable part of aging, but early changes are reversible by improvement in health habits.
C) It is a disease occurring only in some adults; all changes due to the disease are curable or reversible.
D) It is a disease occurring only in some adults, but some disease processes are reversible by improvement in health habits.

Question 35

is suffering from a disease wherein his body is not able to metabolize insulin. Juan most likely has:

A) the human papillomavirus
B) diabetes
C) chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)
D) cancerous plaques

Question 36

Kara, a 40-year-old female who lives in the U.S., is most likely to die from _____ cancer.

A) lung
B) colon
C) breast
D) pancreatic

Question 37

Which of the following is TRUE of Alzheimer's disease?

A) Alzheimer's disease is an extreme form of normal aging.
B) There are new medications that cure Alzheimer's disease.
C) People with Alzheimer's disease show senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in their brain upon autopsy.
D) Early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer's diseases are equally common and are determined by the same genes.

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for heart disease?

A) sexually transmitted diseases
B) high blood pressure
C) high cholesterol
D) smoking

Question 39

people reach the age 55, the top cancer killer is _____ cancer, which remains through the rest of their life."

A) lung
B) colon
C) brain
D) pancreatic

Question 40

__________ refer(s) to genetic characteristics that are the result of environmental influences during the prenatal period or during the lifespan that affect how existing genes are expressed.

A) Intergenerational effects
B) The developmental origins hypothesis
C) Epigenetic inheritance
D) Comorbid

Question 41

major sex difference in health experiences over adulthood is that _______.

A) women have higher rates of nearly all chronic diseases
B) men have higher rates of nearly all chronic diseases
C) when women contract a fatal disease, they die more quickly
D) men report higher rates of daily health problems at all ages

Question 42

Which of the following diseases or health problems is more common among African Americans than among non-Hispanic whites?

A) osteoporosis
B) anorexia
C) AIDS
D) high blood pressure

Question 43

Which of the following is TRUE?

A) Most diseases are determined by a single gene.
B) Genetic information can affect individual responses to different treatments.
C) Cancer and depression are transmitted by a single gene.
D) Genes can have detrimental effects, but not protective effects on health.

Question 44

Which group of adults shows a pattern of short life expectancy and high rates of chronic illness throughout adulthood?

A) men
B) women
C) the poor
D) the middle class

Question 45

Which form of mental health disorder shows the highest prevalence in adulthood?

A) mood disorders
B) anxiety disorders
C) impulse control disorders
D) substance abuse disorders

Question 46

what median age do adults in the United States show the onset of mood disorders?

A) 10 years of age
B) 15 years of age
C) 20 years of age
D) 30 years of age

Question 47

good deal of research supports a link between Type A behavior pattern and increased risk of:

A)diabetes
B)coronary artery disease
C) cancer
D) suicide

Question 48

Optimism:

A) has been shown to have only positive outcomes on health and health behaviors.
B) has been shown to have positive health outcomes only for European Americans.
C) has been shown to have positive health outcomes only in the U.S.
D) has been shown to correlate negatively with serious physical illness and premature death.

Question 49

is estimated that 20 percent of the elderly have pathological levels of anxiety. Which of the following is NOT an anxiety disorder?

A) phobias
B) agoraphobia
C) dysthymic disorder
D) PTSD

Question 50

Which of the following is TRUE?

A) Hispanics who were born in other countries and came to the United States as immigrants tend to be in better health than Hispanic Americans who were born in the United States.
B) Respondents at every age who had higher income levels reported more symptoms of depression.
C) Economic conditions in neighborhoods do not contribute to the health of the people who live there; only education and income are correlated with health.
D) Socioeconomic status has an effect on physical health, but not on mental health.

Question 51

Marika's parents earned a combined income that placed them below the poverty level and she grew up in poverty until late adolescence. Based on recent research, one can predict that:

A) she has a Type A personality.
B) she is obese.
C) she suffers from PTSD.
D) she is low in optimism.
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

Question 52

Among adults, which ethnic group in the U.S. seems to have the best health?

A) Caucasians
B) African Americans
C) Asian Americans
D) Hispanics

Question 53

Which of the following is an example of a direct link between Type A and coronary heart disease?

A) Type As create more stress for themselves because of their personality.
B) Type As seeking out stressful situations.
C) Type As cause others to be more hostile toward them.
D) Type As have an increased stress reaction and lower immune reaction.

Question 54

what median age do adults in the United States show the onset of substance abuse?

A) 20 years of age
B) 30 years of age
C) 40 years of age
D) 50 years of age

Question 55

Which of the following is most accurate about depressive symptoms among older adults?

A) Rates of depression are significantly lower for older adults than young adults and middle-aged adults.
B) Rates of depression are about the same for middle-aged, younger adults, and older adults.
C) Rates of depression are the same when using DSM criteria and depressive symptoms from the CES-D10.
D) Symptoms of depression using checklists such as the CES-D

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT more common in adult women than adult men?

A) mood disorders
B) anxiety disorders
C) substance abuse
D) schizophrenia

Question 57

Briefly describe the differences between chronic diseases and disabilities.

Question 58

Researchers who examined 18^th century medical records in Sweden found that the ____________ was/were the strongest factor in determining adult longevity.

A) APOEE4 gene
B) level of optimism
C) level of hostility
D) infant infections

Question 59

developmental origins hypothesis states that

A) people of certain ethnic backgrounds have a genetic make up that makes them less vulnerable to illness than others.
B) downregulation is the cause of most genetic disorders.
C) growth during the fetal period, infancy, and early childhood is a significant factor in adult health.
D) some illnesses are caused by problems during adolescence; others are caused by problems during later parts of the lifespan.

Question 60

Women, when compared to men, _______.

A) contract fatal diseases (such as cancer or heart disease) at about the same average ages as men, but survive longer with such diseases
B) remain in good health much longer, without significant disability or disease
C) have a higher incidence of disabilities, but contract fatal diseases later in life
D) contract fatal diseases at later average ages and have decreased incidences of depression and anxiety

Question 61

Define the following terms:

Question 62

Two risk factors appear for cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and Alzheimer's diseases: sedentary lifestyle and obesity. When Bjorklund discussed Individual Differences in Health, she covered age-linked patterns for various physical diseases and mental health conditions. Within these age patterns are a variety of individual differences. Select one of the individual differences factors (i.e., gender, socioeconomic, racial, and ethnic differences; personality differences; and even genetic variation) and describe how sedentary lifestyle and obesity figure in each group.

Question 63

Imagine that you are a psychiatric social worker at a local mental health facility. You will be trying to interpret recent research on depression to a multi-generational family that is living under one roof, and that you are meeting for the first time. The question of whether older adults more than younger adults suffer from depression seems like an easy one, but it is not. Choose at least one causal factor in depression that is different as it manifests in young versus older adults. Sketch out different everyday scenarios so the family may have a better understanding.

Question 64

Briefly list the major sex/gender differences in physical and mental health among adults of various ages. What are some possible explanations for these differences?

Question 65

Describe how someone could score "depressed" on one measure and not on another.

Question 66

You have been asked to be a motivational speaker for a 5000k American Heart Association walk in your town. And there is a lot to cheer on your neighbors. Identify at least three reasons that the rate of cardiovascular disease is declining in the United States, and illustrate your points with generic examples or personal narratives.

Question 67

Briefly describe why there are such marked differences between socio-economic classes in the aging process.

Question 68

List three risk factors for Alzheimer's disease.

Question 69

Describe our current information about the relationship between depression and age in adulthood. List and describe what factors make it difficult to draw clear conclusions about this relationship.

Question 70

Picture yourself growing older, and recall the types of mental disorders which can frequently occur in during aging. Now imagine that you are afflicted with one mental disorder. Of those described in our text, choose one and provide a full explanation of how it could affect your daily functioning. End by describing possible measures you can take to avert this mental disorder.

Question 71

The DSM defines ten criteria for an individual to be diagnosed with "depression". List five of these criteria.

Question 72

Discuss one mental disorder that is more common in men and one that is more common in women.

Question 73

Do health practices play more of a role in predicting rate of death than age, gender, or race? If so, discuss how. Use relevant research to back up your claims.

Question 74

Drawing upon research, describe one personality variable that impacts health.

Question 75

Explain how growth during the fetal period, infancy, and the early years of childhood can have a significant impact on adult health. Cite findings of two studies in your response.

Question 76

Compare and contrast two real-life or fictitious adults at age sixty-five in terms of their physical and mental health. In your comparison, what factors account for the differences you portray in your example?

Question 77

Picture yourself growing older, and-acknowledging that you will most likely be affected by some sort of age-related disease-choose one from the list of possible suspects. Describe the disease and how it will affect you, and end by describing possible preventative measures you can take to prevent or ward off this disease.

Question 78

Describe one example of a nonmedical solution to disease or disability..

Question 79

Discuss how the symptoms of heart attack look different for women than for men.