Deck 6: Social Relationships

Question 1

Assuming that Shealeen is similar to other adult children, one would expect that she:

A) has very different opinions from those of her parents.
B) does not have much contact with her parents.
C) feels emotionally close to her parents.
D) has not receive any financial support from them since she graduated from high school.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following behaviors toward another person would be LEAST LIKELY to be considered an attachment behavior?

A) hugging
B) shaking hands
C) writing a letter
D) smiling

Answer 2

B

Question 3

friends Jeff and Lucia are considering living together as a kind of trial run, to see if they want to get married. They know you are studying psychology, and ask you whether psychologists know anything about couples who live together. Which of the following would best describe the current information?

A) Cohabitation before marriage is generally a good way to prepare for marriage; those who have cohabited later have more lasting and satisfying marriages.
B) Cohabitation before marriage appears to be helpful for some couples, especially those with higher levels of education.
C) Cohabitation appears to be most helpful for people who have experienced the divorce of their parents.
D) Couples who are engaged before moving in together tend to have marriages as successful as those of couples who did not cohabit before marriage.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Research has shown that people who attribute human thoughts, feelings, and motivations to their pets report ________ when compared to pet owners who do not do this.

A) higher self-esteem
B) higher levels of stress
C) lower levels of depression
D) lower perceived social support

Question 5

I ask you to make a list of all the people who are most important to you, including those you cannot imagine living without and those who are important but not quite that close, this list would describe your _______.

A) convoy
B) family
C) friends
D) cohort

Question 6

you ask a group of young men which quality is most important to them in choosing a mate, which of the following qualities is likely to be ranked first?

A) level of the woman's education
B) the social class of the woman's family
C) the woman's attractiveness
D) the woman's social status

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE regarding sibling relationships in the U.S.?

A) The overwhelming majority of siblings reported becoming more emotionally distant from their siblings with time..
B) Brothers tend to be closer with one another than are sisters.
C) People who are single tend to have stronger relationships with their siblings than those who are married.
D) People who have children tend to have stronger relationships with their siblings than those who are childless.

Question 8

protective layer of individuals who surround a person and help in the successful negotiation of life's challenges" is, according to Antonucci, a definition of _______.

A) a family
B) a convoy
C) a cohort
D) a generation

Question 9

term does Antonucci use to describe the set of relationships with family and friends that surrounds each of us throughout our adult lives?

A) cohort
B) lineage
C) convoy
D) social support network

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a key underlying feature of attachment according to Weiss's conceptualization?

A) association of the attachment figure with feelings of security
B) increased likelihood of attachment when the child is under stress or threat
C) attempts to avoid, or to end, any separation from the attachment figure
D) pushing the attachment figure away to assert independence and sense of self

Question 11

Adults with a secure attachment

A) have a healthy skepticism and believe the world is an unsafe place.
B) never feel discouraged.
C) never feel threatened.
D) welcome life's challenges

Question 12

Theorists of attachment suggest that in childhood we each create a sort of template of relationships that is applied to later interactions. Such a template is called _______.

A) an attachment model
B) an insecure attachment
C) a secure attachment
D) an internal working model

Question 13

Although Justine considers herself an extravert, now that she is approaching 50, she is no longer interested in attending the girls' night out her friend is planning. She would much rather spend her free time with a smaller group of close friends or members of her family. Justine's preference supports

A) intergenerational solidarity theory.
B) socioemotional selectivity theory.
C) filter theory.
D) exchange theory.

Question 14

Bernice is a 68-year-old female who lives in the southeast near one of her three children and her only two grandchildren. It is most likely that:

A) the size of her friendship network is about the same as it was in young adulthood.
B) she has less contact with her friends than she did when she was younger.
C) she has a smaller friendship network than her husband.
D) she sees this part of her life as a time to seek information and new relationships.

Question 15

limited data we have suggests that personal convoys _______ over time.

A) contract gradually in size, but include more and more intimate relationships
B) remain about the same size, with relationships becoming more intimate
C) increase in size, with more friends added in each decade
D) increase in size, but with fewer intimate relationships

Question 16

Jennings is doing research that entails a mapping technique in which participants report on three levels of relationships. They are asked to write the names of people within three concentric circles. Dr. Jennings' research is using the:

A) internal working model.
B) filter theory.
C) convoy model.
D) exchange theory.

Question 17

Research on same-sex partnerships shows that_________.

A) more people in the U.S. now support same-sex marriages than oppose them
B) same-sex partners take on "male" and "female" roles
C) same-sex couples and different-sex couples are more different than alike
D) in the early years of the relationship, lesbian couples have more sex than do gay or heterosexual couples

Question 18

Rebecca says that she is content with her current friendships and not motivated to add new relationships. Based on the research evidence, what would be the best guess about Rebecca's age?

A) 15-20
B) 20-30
C) 30-40
D) 40-50

Question 19

Carstensen's "socioemotional selectivity theory" suggests that over adulthood, our relationships with friends should become _______.

A) more frequent and more intimate
B) more selective and more intimate
C) more frequent and less intimate
D) more expanded

Question 20

Theorists of attachment suggest that in childhood we each create a sort of template of relationships that is applied to later interactions. Such a template is called _______.

A) an attachment model
B) an insecure attachment
C) a secure attachment
D) an internal working model

Question 21

researchers measured adult attachment styles, they found that almost have rated themselves as ________.

A) secure
B) dismissing
C) fearful
D) preoccupied

Question 22

Research on same-sex partnerships shows that__________.

A) more people in the U.S. now support same-sex marriages than oppose them
B) same-sex partners take on "male" and "female" roles
C) same-sex couples and different-sex couples are more different than alike
D) in the early years of the relationship, lesbian couples have more sex than do gay or heterosexual couples

Question 23

friends Jeff and Lucia are considering living together as a kind of trial run, to see if they want to get married. They know you are studying psychology, and ask you whether psychologists know anything about couples who live together. Which of the following would best describe the current information?

A) Cohabitation before marriage is generally a good way to prepare for marriage; those who have cohabited later have more lasting and satisfying marriages.
B) Cohabitation before marriage appears to be helpful for some couples, especially those with higher levels of education.
C) Whether cohabitation prepares people for later marriage depends on their ethnic background.
D) People who cohabit before marriage have an increased likelihood of separation than those who do not cohabit.

Question 24

Anthropologist Helen L. Fisher (2000, 2004) suggests that mate selection depends on three distinct emotional systems: __________, ___________, and _______________.

A) attraction, closeness, and attachment
B) attraction, friendship, and love
C) lust, friendship, and love
D) lust, attraction, and attachment

Question 25

study showed that compared to their heterosexual siblings, gay and lesbian adults reported:

A) higher earnings and higher prestige jobs over their lifetimes.
B) experiencing more violence over their lifetimes.
C) happier romantic relationships.
D) greater overall life satisfaction..

Question 26

According to __________ theory, today's members of our species have biological systems that foster the formation and maintenance of social relationships, and this is manifested in a universal "need to belong."

A) evolutionary
B) social learning
C) internal working model
D) intergenerational solidarity

Question 27

Which of the following is most likely to be a feature of the relationship or interaction pattern of partners in an unhappy or dissatisfying marriage?

A) high ratio of displeasing to pleasing interactions
B) high levels of arguments
C) low levels of self-disclosure
D) low levels of "cross-complaining"

Question 28

Researchers have used a number of theories to explain the topic of what attracts one person to another or two people to each other. Which of the following theories below best exemplifies the trade-off we often make with intimate partners such as a sense of humor offsetting a physical unattractive trait, for example, being overweight.

A) filter theory
B) socioemotional theory
C) evolutionary theory
D) exchange theory

Question 29

Which of the following is TRUE regarding Markman and colleagues' research on relationship quality?

A) Some risk factors for divorce can be changed.
B) Those who eventually got divorce or experienced marital distress were overly complimentary to each other to hide their feelings of frustration.
C) Their findings conflicted with those of other researchers because they did not find that negative interactions impacted the quality of marriage or whether people got divorced.
D) It has been criticized for being cross-sectional and not including data from both members of the couple.

Question 30

_________ often have a more open partnership or nonexclusive agreement.

A) Members of heterosexual couples
B) Men in same-sex relationships
C) Lesbians in same-sex relationships
D) Transgender women in same-sex relationships

Question 31

you ask a group of young men which quality is most important to them in choosing a prospective wife, which of the following qualities is likely to be ranked first?

A) level of the woman's education
B) the social class of the woman's family
C) the woman's attractiveness
D) the woman's prospective earning power

Question 32

key feature of unsuccessful marriages (those most likely to end in divorce), according to Gottman's research, is _______.

A) a high level of squabbles or disagreements
B) a low level of laughter
C) an inability to resolve conflicts by discussion or argument
D) a high ratio of displeasing to pleasing interactions

Question 33

Longitudinal research shows that an infant's attachment classification _______.

A) changes significantly until stabilizing in young adulthood
B) is related to their siblings' attachment classification
C) is unrelated to attachments formed later in life with intimate partners
D) corresponds to their parents' attachment classification

Question 34

his relationship with his wife, Clarence is often jealous, anxious about whether she returns his feelings, and generally unsure of himself. Such a pattern is characteristic of individuals with what kind of internal model of attachment?

A) secure
B) unstable
C) preoccupied
D) distressed

Question 35

Which of the following is TRUE regarding adult romantic attachment styles?

A) Two-year-olds who had a secure attachment to their mothers were no more likely to, at age 20 or 21 years, rebound from romantic relationship conflicts than their counterparts who were insecurely attached.
B) Males almost always showed a more secure attachment style than females.
C) The dismissing style was the most common adult attachment style overall.
D) Partners of securely attached 20-year-olds rebound faster from relationship conflicts regardless of their own attachment history.

Question 36

Gottman's research, he asks couples to "tell the story of us." Based on _______, he found that the couple will almost certainly be together four years later.

A) whether the couple uses sarcasm rather than being brutally honest
B) whether the positive outweighs the negative
C) whether each person talked for an equal amount of time
D) whether each person explicitly apologized for past transgressions

Question 37

Research on cohabitation has shown that:

A) people in the U.S. who cohabit before marriage have an increased likelihood of separation than those who do not cohabit, but this pattern has not been found in other countries.
B) regardless of whether they are engaged before cohabiting, they are more likely to separate than those who do not cohabit.
C) people in traditional cultures who cohabit before marriage have an increased likelihood of separation than those who do not cohabit, but this pattern has not been found in the U.S.
D) one factor in the success of cohabiting couples is how well it is accepted in one's culture.

Question 38

Assuming that Shealeen is similar to other adult children, one would expect that she:

A) has very different opinions from those of her parents.
B) does not have much contact with her parents.
C) feels emotionally close to her parents.
D) has not receive any financial support from them since she graduated from high school.

Question 39

Researchers showed participants a photo of their loved one and asked them to think about a pleasurable event that had occurred when they were together. As a control, they were shown a photo of a neutral person and asked to think about pleasurable events with that person. When viewing the loved one and thinking about pleasant interactions with them, regions of the brain that are rich in _______ were activated.

A) AcH receptors
B) dopamine receptors
C) gabba receptors
D) GAMA receptors

Question 40

Mendez was giving an invited address on the topic of dating among college students. She stated that people begin with a large pool of potential mates and gradually eliminate those who do not fit our specifications. She was clearly describing ________ of mate selection.

A) the social convoy theory
B) exchange theory
C) the filter theory
D) evolutionary theory

Question 41

What do theorists mean by an internal working model of attachment? How might such a model affect an adult's relationships-with parents, with partner, with friends? Cite relevant data where available.

Question 42

Researchers have consistently found that happiness or life satisfaction among adults in old age is unrelated to the degree of contact they have with their children. How might you explain this finding?

Question 43

Sibling relationships are most significant _______.

A) in childhood
B) in adolescence
C) in early adulthood
D) in late life

Question 44

Describe the several varieties of stable/successful and unstable/unsuccessful marriages evident from Gottman's research. What quality or qualities do all the stable/successful pairs share?

Question 45

Describe one way that same-sex couples are similar to opposite-sex couples and one way that they are different from them.

Question 46

Describe what Antonucci means by "convoy" and her mapping technique.

Question 47

Evaluate the effects of cohabitation before marriage. What explanation can you offer for this finding? What evidence can you muster in support of your explanation?

Question 48

Describe the findings from at least one study that shows the impact of grandparents on their grandchildren.

Question 49

African-American baby boomers give more assistance of all types to their parents compared to their white counterparts because

A) African-American parents have more need.
B) African-American parents have more disability.
C) of their personal beliefs about parent-child obligation.
D) they are more emotionally close to their parents.

Question 50

Drawing upon Fingerman and her colleagues' work, briefly explain whether having a successful child caused an increase in well-being that matched the distress caused by a problem child.

Question 51

Nona, a college student, was asked to rank her grandparents according to the time she spent with them and the closeness she felt to them. Based on research, we would expect Nona to rank ________ the highest.

A) her mother's mother
B) her mother's father
C) her father's mother
D) her father's father

Question 52

Late-life divorce usually results in what change for the adult daughter?

A) less contact with her mother
B) serving as "family social director" for her father
C) serving as her father's confidant.
D) isolating herself from both of them for about a year until the situation got better.

Question 53

Wayne is a married 71-year-old grandfather. Based on existing research, we can conclude that:

A) Wayne spends more time with his grandchildren now that they are teenagers than when they were younger.
B) he has more interaction with his grandchildren than his widowed brother has with his grandchildren.
C) he discusses more personal concerns with his grandchildren in middle school than he does with his grandchildren who have graduated from high school.
D) being a playmate and advice giver benefits grandchildren's mental health, but does not have a significant effect on his own mental health.

Question 54

grandmother effect can be explained best by _______.

A) social learning theory
B) psychoanalystic theory
C) evolutionary psychology
D) exchange theory

Question 55

what period of adulthood do siblings become more significant?

A) early
B) middle
C) late
D) There is no change in significance.

Question 56

Based on existing research, which of the following is TRUE of adult children of divorce?

A) They are at less risk of divorce than those whose parents did not divorce.
B) They are less reluctant to enter marriage than those whose parents did not divorce because they feel they have learned from their parents' mistakes.
C) The majority (90%) reported no change in their relationship with one or both parents.
D) They are as affected emotionally by parental divorce as young children.

Question 57

Evaluate the following statement in light of the theory and research described in the text: "The majority of adults remain strongly attached to their parents throughout their adult lives."

Question 58

List at least three ways in which happily married couples differ from unhappily married couples in their interactions with one another. Which of these features seems to you to be most amenable to change?

Question 59

it comes to Facebook,

A) men use it more than women.
B) older adults' Facebook friends consist of more family members and fewer friends compared to their younger counterparts.
C) a strong positive correlation has been found between amount of time spent on Facebook and clinical depression among emerging adults.
D) less than 10% of those aged 65 and older use it.
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

Question 60

Which sibling relationships are the closest?

A) sisters
B) brothers
C) sisters and brothers
D) sisters and brothers-in-law.

Question 61

Bjorklund introduces four social development theories that have much in common: attachment, evolutionary, socioemotional, and convoy. Consider the technology and social networking possibilities available to many American households, illustrate how at least one of the social development theories presented, maybe with some adjustments, explains the recent phenomena of the addiction of social network sites.

Question 62

Drawing upon recent research, compare and contrast the way older and younger adults in the U.S. use Facebook.

Question 63

Scientists have observed the need to belong and, according to Franz de Waal, an eminent primatologist, in many other primate social species such as apes, chimpanzees, and bonobos. Evolutionary theorists suggest that our genetic makeup hardwires this primate "need to belong." Select an example or observation in your life that supports the evolutionary assumption on social development, fully explaining why you selected the instance, and how the event supports the theory that primates, including humans, have an innate drive to create social relationships and belong.

Question 64

Theorists have disagreed about whether the relationship of a parent with her or his child should be called an attachment or not. Why is there a dispute about this? Describe the problem, give your own view, and justify that view if you can.

Question 65

Based on existing research, would you say that there are more benefits or more problems as a result of having a pet during adulthood. Cite research from the text to support your answer.

Question 66

Describe the nature of the relationship between siblings across the life span.

Question 67

Create a fictitious couple of any sexual orientation and fully explain their intimate attachment in terms of one of the following theories: attachment theory, the convoy model, socioemotional selectivity theory, or evolutionary theory.

Question 68

Socioemotional selectivity theory states that as we grow older, we tend to prefer more meaningful social relationships. In other words, the quantity of social relationships declines with age, but the overall quality remains the same (or even better). Using this theory, illustrate how your social relationships demonstrate this theory's ideas.