Deck 14: Mental Health Therapies

Question 1

A psychoanalyst ____.

A) is trained in Freud's methods of treatment
B) only needs to have a bachelor's degree
C) is the general title for anyone who gives psychological therapy
D) usually does biomedical therapy

Answer 1

is trained in Freud's methods of treatment

Question 2

Psychotherapists ____.

A) can include social workers and family therapists
B) can prescribe medications in most states in the United States
C) need to have either a bachelor's or master's degree
D) usually do not need to obtain a license to practice psychology

Answer 2

can include social workers and family therapists

Question 3

The two broad forms of therapy are ____.

A) biomedical therapy and psychiatry
B) humanistic therapy and psychoanalysis
C) biomedical therapy and psychotherapy
D) insight therapy and behavior therapy

Answer 3

biomedical therapy and psychotherapy

Question 4

Clinical psychologists in the states of Illinois, New Mexico, Iowa, Idaho, and Louisiana who have received specific training ____.

A) do not need a license to practice
B) are allowed to perform prefrontal lobotomies
C) can prescribe medications
D) are called psychoanalysts

Question 5

Substantial research has shown that ____.

A) neither psychological nor biological factors are the root cause of psychological disorders
B) mental processes are most often the cause of psychological disorders
C) biological factors are most often the cause of psychological disorders
D) both psychological and biological factors are at the root of psychological disorders

Question 6

Attitudes toward psychotherapy and psychiatric medications are ____.

A) becoming more positive for older generations, but less positive for younger generations
B) becoming less positive for older generations, but more positive for younger generations
C) generally becoming less positive in all generations
D) generally becoming more positive in all generations

Question 7

Psychiatrists ____.

A) are always psychoanalysts
B) have a Ph.D. in medicine
C) can prescribe medications
D) do not need a license to practice therapy

Question 8

Dr. King is a psychiatrist who uses medications to treat the symptoms of psychological disorders. Dr. King is using what type of therapy?

A) Comprehensive
B) Biomedical
C) Psychotherapy
D) Behavior

Question 9

Arturo wants to be a licensed professional counselor. What is the minimum educational training that Arturo will need to practice in this profession?

A) A master's degree
B) A bachelor's degree
C) A doctoral degree
D) A medical degree

Question 10

Whereas psychotherapists generally ____, psychiatrists ____.

A) do not practice insight therapy; do practice insight therapy
B) cannot prescribe medications; can prescribe medications
C) have a medical degree; do not have a medical degree
D) use Freudian methods of therapy; do not use Freudian methods of therapy

Question 11

Psychoanalysts believe that the way to reach the goal of changing maladaptive behavior is to ____.

A) gain insight into the real source of problems
B) enhance one's sense of self-worth
C) achieve self-actualization
D) eliminate distorted beliefs and perceptions

Question 12

Before Alena uses an experimental type of treatment on a client, she tells the client about the treatment and what her participation would involve. Alena is following which ethical guideline?

A) Informed consent
B) Appropriate and adequate treatment
C) Confidentiality
D) Appropriate interactions

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a recommended way to find a therapist?

A) Talk to family and friends.
B) Inquire at your community health center.
C) Use directories on the Internet.
D) Call your local police department.

Question 14

Psychotherapy is for ____.

A) individuals who have a psychological disorder only
B) people with very good medical insurance only
C) young people more than old people
D) a variety of people with a variety of types of problems

Question 15

Which reasoning is appropriate when considering whether to see a psychotherapist?

A) You are trying to adjust to retirement.
B) You are having severe headaches.
C) You want to learn more about your genetic heritage.
D) You seem to catch every cold and other infection going around.

Question 16

Which of the following is among the American Psychological Association ethical standards for psychotherapists?

A) Respecting the confidentiality of client information
B) Providing treatment for a set price
C) Not spending time with clients outside of therapy sessions
D) Only using methods developed within the field of psychology

Question 17

Which type of treatment for the symptoms of mental health problems is included within the general category of biomedical therapy?

A) Medication
B) Psychoanalysis
C) Humanistic therapy
D) Family therapy

Question 18

John and his therapist entered into a business relationship during the time that John was receiving therapy. Such a situation ____.

A) is against the law in most states
B) is restricted by the ethical standards of the APA
C) was formerly against the law, but no longer is
D) was formerly restricted by the APA, but no longer is

Question 19

Which of the following is considered to be ethical behavior by a psychotherapist?

A) Having sex with clients
B) Going into business with a client
C) Using experimental treatment techniques without the client's approval
D) Divulging information about a client when the client's behavior becomes life-threatening

Question 20

When is it appropriate for a therapist to break the confidentiality of communications with a client?

A) It is never appropriate.
B) When the client is suspected of child abuse
C) When the client expresses excessive anger
D) When the client is depressed

Question 21

Carlos is undergoing psychoanalysis with Dr. Lupe. After four months of therapy he finds himself fantasizing about Dr. Lupe and perceives her as loving, kind, and warm. Carlos is most likely experiencing ____.

A) a delusion
B) countertransference
C) transference
D) resistance

Question 22

Dr. Covington uses free association and dream analysis in his practice to uncover unconscious conflicts so that his clients can gain insight into the real source of their problems. It is most likely that Dr. Covington uses what type of therapy in his practice?

A) Behavior therapy
B) Client-centered therapy
C) Cognitive therapy
D) Psychoanalysis

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a method that a traditional psychoanalyst uses with clients to gain insight and uncover critical issues from their pasts?

A) Systematic desensitization
B) Dream analysis
C) Free association
D) Interpretation

Question 24

As a therapist, June follows basic Freudian principles, but is more likely to focus on the present rather than the past, and takes a more directive role in getting to the heart of the client's problem. She would be known as a ____.

A) Jungian psychoanalyst
B) transference oriented therapist
C) psychodynamic therapist
D) behavioral psychoanalyst

Question 25

Which type of Freudian therapy is least likely to consist of long periods of free association by the client accompanied by a relative lack of direction from the therapist?

A) Traditional psychoanalysis
B) Humanistic psychoanalysis
C) Short-term dynamic therapy
D) Behavioral therapy

Question 26

Which view of therapy is most likely to emphasize insight as the goal of therapy?

A) Biomedical therapy
B) Cognitive therapy
C) Behavioral therapy
D) Psychoanalysis

Question 27

Which type of therapist is most likely to seek out signs of resistance?

A) A cognitive therapist
B) A client-centered therapist
C) A psychoanalyst
D) A behavioral therapist

Question 28

In psychoanalysis, the purpose of free association is to ____.

A) strengthen the memory for important events
B) increase the patient's grasp on reality
C) reveal unconscious conflicts
D) increase the use of defense mechanisms

Question 29

A therapist who spends long periods of time listening to her clients freely associate, and who generally takes years to work with her clients, is ____.

A) less common today than in the 1950s
B) more than likely a humanistic therapist
C) unlikely to look for transference and resistance in her clients
D) likely to have a larger than average number of clients

Question 30

Which of the following is a technique typically used by psychoanalysts?

A) Dream analysis
B) Use of antipsychotic medication
C) Electroconvulsive therapy
D) Behavior modification

Question 31

Short-term dynamic therapy is a modern version of ____.

A) humanistic therapy
B) rational-emotive therapy
C) cognitive therapy
D) psychoanalysis

Question 32

Traditional psychoanalysis is to ____ as modern psychoanalysis is to ____.

A) focus on the present; focus on the past
B) more directive role; less directive role
C) long-term; short-term
D) more successful; less successful

Question 33

Free association, dream analysis, and transference are therapeutic techniques most likely to be used by a ____.

A) client-centered therapist
B) cognitive therapist
C) humanistic therapist
D) psychoanalyst

Question 34

Dr. Vili is a psychoanalyst. She often gives her views on clients' dreams to help them gain insight into their problems. Dr. Vili is engaging in the psychoanalytic process of ____.

A) interpretation
B) resistance
C) free association
D) transference

Question 35

Maria has recently begun unconsciously acting toward her therapist as if he was her father. This is known as ____.

A) sublimation
B) transference
C) resistance
D) reaction formation

Question 36

The underlying meaning of a dream is called its ____.

A) latent content
B) manifest content
C) resistance
D) transference

Question 37

A psychoanalyst is a type of ____.

A) behavioral psychologist
B) biological psychologist
C) psychotherapist
D) client-centered therapist

Question 38

In traditional psychoanalysis, which tool is most likely to be the early focus of therapy as a way of bringing important issues to light?

A) Resistance
B) Transference
C) Systematic desensitization
D) Free association

Question 39

A psychoanalyst would probably interpret a client's attempt to change the subject of a therapy session as ____.

A) free association
B) conditional acceptance
C) sublimation
D) resistance

Question 40

The process of transference ____.

A) allows a psychoanalyst to gain insight into the client's relationships with significant others
B) is a hindrance to effective therapy that all successful therapists seek to avoid
C) is a technique used by people with psychological problems to repress their anxiety or depression
D) is a step in the process of conditioning a person to overcome phobias and anxieties

Question 41

It is important for a humanistic therapist to show unconditional positive regard toward the client in order to ____.

A) demonstrate to the client the genuine empathy felt by the therapist
B) enable the transference of the client's feelings toward loved ones onto the therapist
C) create a safe environment in which the client feels free to self-explore and make choices
D) provide a healthy model for healthy relationships with others

Question 42

It is important for a humanistic therapist to have the quality of genuineness in order to ____.

A) force the client to see the contrast between his or her unhealthy behaviors and the therapist's healthy ones
B) enable the transference of the client's feelings toward loved ones onto the therapist
C) provide the sense of unconditional positive regard that the client will feel
D) provide a healthy model for healthy relationships with others

Question 43

Which type of therapy is most likely to view the therapist as a facilitator?

A) Psychoanalysis
B) Cognitive therapy
C) Humanistic therapy
D) Behavioral therapy

Question 44

Sharnice's therapist appears to be understanding of Sharnice's feelings. Sharnice's therapist is conveying ____.

A) empathy
B) unconditional positive regard
C) conditional positive regard
D) genuineness

Question 45

Contrary to psychoanalysis, humanistic therapy ____.

A) focuses more on unconscious forces controlling behavior
B) assumes that people will naturally strive toward personal growth
C) uses transference as a therapeutic technique
D) emphasizes past behavior rather than current behavior

Question 46

In which of the following therapies would the client assume the most responsibility for the course and direction of the treatment?

A) Client-centered therapy
B) Behavior therapy
C) Psychoanalysis
D) Rational-emotive therapy

Question 47

In developing his client-centered therapy, Carl Rogers was disillusioned with the methods of ____.

A) behavioral therapy
B) cognitive therapy
C) psychoanalysis
D) humanistic therapy

Question 48

Which type of therapy is most likely to emphasize a safe environment for self-exploration?

A) Cognitive therapy
B) Biomedical therapy
C) Humanistic therapy
D) Rational-emotive therapy

Question 49

In humanistic therapy, the therapist's role is to ____.

A) create a safe environment for self-exploration
B) interpret the client's resistance and transference behaviors
C) challenge and dispute faulty thinking processes
D) change contingencies of reinforcement to produce adaptive behavior

Question 50

Both psychodynamic therapy and humanistic therapy ____.

A) focus more on unconscious forces controlling behavior
B) assume that people will naturally strive toward personal growth
C) use transference as a therapeutic technique
D) emphasize current behavior rather than past behavior

Question 51

In contrast to Freud, Carl Rogers attempted to ____.

A) reduce interpretation from the therapist
B) eliminate self-awareness in the client
C) create a more psychologically distant relationship between therapist and client
D) place greater emphasis on the expertise and clinical judgment of the therapist

Question 52

Psychodynamic therapists ____.

A) are psychoanalysts
B) are humanistic therapists
C) focus more on the past than the present
D) require the therapist to take a less active role in directing therapy sessions

Question 53

Sienna's psychotherapist rapidly interviews and questions her to uncover unconscious issues and themes. The therapist focuses less on Sienna's past and more on her current problems and interpersonal relationships. Sienna is most likely undergoing what type of therapy?

A) Traditional psychoanalysis
B) Modern psychoanalysis
C) Humanistic therapy
D) Behavior therapy

Question 54

Client-centered therapy is a type of ____ therapy.

A) humanistic
B) cognitive
C) rational-emotive
D) psychodynamic

Question 55

Patrick's therapist tries to reflect Patrick's thoughts and feelings back to him to communicate the active attention that she is giving and to show that she understands him. Through these efforts she is demonstrating ____.

A) authenticity
B) unconditional positive regard
C) empathy
D) genuineness

Question 56

A client-centered therapist is most likely to ____.

A) serve more as a facilitator than an interpreter
B) use transference to illuminate issues
C) believe that the client must be directed to change
D) use a variety of medications

Question 57

In client-centered therapy, empathy is communicated to the client by ____.

A) accurately interpreting the client's nonverbal signals of anxiety and tension
B) active listening and reflecting the feelings expressed by the client
C) the therapist transferring her feelings for a loved one onto the client
D) giving sound and logical advice that can be understood and followed by the client

Question 58

Dr. Rivera focuses less on unconscious forces that influence behavior and instead likes to emphasize how people's conscious interpretations of the world and their degree of self-awareness influence behavior. It is most likely that Dr. Rivera uses what type of therapy?

A) Psychoanalysis
B) Aversion therapy
C) Humanistic therapy
D) Biomedical therapy

Question 59

Carl Rogers developed ____.

A) psychodynamic therapy
B) client-centered therapy
C) behavioral therapy
D) rational-emotive therapy

Question 60

What three key characteristics of the therapist are crucial in client-centered therapy?

A) Patience, interpretive ability, and boldness
B) Empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard
C) Ego-strength, active listening, and security
D) Cognitive insight, authoritarian perspective, and autonomy

Question 61

In order for change to occur in clients, behavior therapists attempt to ____.

A) uncover the internal conflicts within the client
B) show clients the effects of their own thinking
C) change the environment to produce different behaviors
D) present an environment in which the client feels safe to explore and make choices

Question 62

Moses is seeing a therapist for his fear of public speaking. His therapist offers him genuineness, empathy, and unconditional positive regard. What type of therapy is Moses most likely receiving?

A) Psychoanalysis
B) Rational-emotive therapy
C) Client-centered therapy
D) Beck's therapy

Question 63

Which technique is not associated with behavior therapy?

A) Interpretation of resistance
B) Progressive muscle relaxation
C) Systematic desensitization
D) Anxiety hierarchy

Question 64

Which of the following is NOT an important component of empathy for a therapist?

A) Stating reflections
B) Assuming an attentive pose
C) Making eye contact
D) Judging the client's claims

Question 65

Systematic desensitization relies upon the principle of ____.

A) instrumental conditioning
B) observational conditioning
C) operant conditioning
D) classical conditioning

Question 66

Which technique is most closely associated with behavior therapy?

A) Reflective listening
B) Classical conditioning
C) Transference
D) Resistance

Question 67

If you have a fear of riding in elevators, your therapist may teach you how to relax and then gradually expose you to the elements of riding in elevators that you fear. This technique is called ____.

A) flooding
B) aversion therapy
C) systematic desensitization
D) covert sensitization therapy

Question 68

Systematic desensitization is based on the idea that ____.

A) perceptions determine behaviors, rather than the other way around
B) one cannot be anxious and relaxed at the same time
C) controlling one's emotions is the key to healthy behavior
D) the past is the best predictor of the future

Question 69

The humanistic therapist is most likely to use techniques that ____ the client.

A) support
B) challenge
C) interpret
D) direct

Question 70

The aim of systematic desensitization is to have a client become relaxed and then ____.

A) expose the client to positive statements designed to increase self-esteem
B) suddenly subject the client to the thing most feared by the client
C) have the client and therapist develop an anxiety hierarchy
D) vigorously challenge the self-defeating thinking of the client

Question 71

What are the three steps involved in systematic desensitization?

A) Identifying the problem, changing the contingencies, and debriefing for long-term change
B) Muscle relaxation, creating an anxiety hierarchy, and pairing relaxation with each item on the hierarchy
C) Making free associations, interpreting resistance and transference, and restructuring defense mechanisms
D) Actively listening, demonstrating genuineness and empathy, and showing unconditional acceptance

Question 72

The ability of a therapist to openly share his or her thoughts and feelings with clients is called ____.

A) empathy
B) unconditional positive regard
C) genuineness
D) insight

Question 73

Dr. Grogan is a therapist who uses learning principles to change maladaptive behavior. What type of therapy does Dr. Grogan most likely use?

A) Humanistic therapy
B) Psychoanalysis
C) Behavior therapy
D) Cognitive therapy

Question 74

Systematic desensitization is a technique used in ____.

A) humanistic therapy
B) psychoanalysis
C) behavior therapy
D) cognitive therapy

Question 75

Behavior therapy differs from traditional psychoanalysis in that it ____.

A) attempts to remove defense mechanisms from the client
B) uses the term "client" rather than "patient"
C) focuses upon the present rather than the past
D) seeks to develop insight in the client

Question 76

The assumption of behavior therapy is that ____.

A) all behavior is the product of thoughts, beliefs, and perceptions
B) abnormal behavior comes from our thought processes, but normal behavior is learned from the environment
C) normal behavior is learned from the environment, but abnormal behavior comes from our thought processes
D) both normal and abnormal behaviors are learned from the environment

Question 77

Gerald's therapist tries to be open and honest with her feelings in order to set an example and to show that relationships can be built on trust and honesty. Through these efforts, Gerald's therapist is demonstrating ____.

A) empathy
B) integrity
C) unconditional positive regard
D) genuineness

Question 78

At least for moderately distressed individuals, client-centered therapy ____.

A) is less effective than more structured therapies
B) makes clients feel better but does not really provide effective therapy
C) is more effective than any other type of therapy
D) is as effective as more structured therapies

Question 79

Which technique is based on classical conditioning principles?

A) Token economy
B) Cognitive therapy
C) Aversion therapy
D) Rational emotive therapy

Question 80

Research on the effectiveness of client-centered therapy suggests that it ____.

A) is at least as effective as other types of therapy
B) makes clients feel better but does not really provide effective therapy
C) is more effective than any other type of therapy
D) is the least effective type of therapy available