Deck 8: Work, family Roles, and Material Resources

Question 1

In general,research shows that those most likely to experience stress from work-family spillover are:

A)fathers
B)mothers
C)high-income families
D)low-income families

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The text points out that,typically,the majority of stay-at-home mothers are not employed because they:

A)want freedom to pursue hobbies and recreational interests
B)can't get a job because they have no skills
C)are in the top 5% of household incomes and can afford to stay home
D)are in the bottom 25% of household incomes and can't afford child care
E)C and D

Answer 2

E

Question 3

A conclusion that can be drawn from research presented in the text is that whether or not a marriage relationship is stressed by both partners' employment depends to a large degree on _________.

A)how much the family needs the extra income
B)the number of children in the family
C)the wife's personality
D)the amount of work stress
E)A,B,and D

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Lower ______ has NOT been shown by research to result from job stress.

A)marital satisfaction
B)quality relationships with children
C)psychological distress
D)quality of health

Question 5

According to research,how do middle-class dual-earner families cope with conflicts between work and family demands?

A)reducing work hours
B)sacrificing career advancement
C)deciding to have a one-job/one-career marriage
D)all of these
E)A and B

Question 6

Overall,researchers have found maternal employment in and of itself has _____ impact on children.

A)a positive
B)a negative
C)very little
D)absolutely no

Question 7

Census data shows that,today,in most American families,______ are employed.

A)fathers only
B)both mothers and fathers
C)mothers only
D)either mothers or fathers

Question 8

Research on dual-earner families has shown that an important factor in balancing family and work responsibilities successfully is whether _____.

A)the extra income compensates for the added stress
B)children are at least school age
C)parents have equally prestigious positions
D)the job is stressful

Question 9

Job flexibility (flextime)is associated with:

A)increased work satisfaction
B)increased family well-being
C)increased ability to work longer hours
D)all of these
E)A and B

Question 10

Several researchers have found that men's contribution to household and child care responsibilities:

A)is no greater than it was in the past.
B)is less than their wives' contribution.
C)now equals that of their wives' contribution.
D)is more than their wives' contribution.

Question 11

The percentage of children under age one with both parents in the labor force is:

A)23%
B)46%
C)53%
D)71%

Question 12

Research has indicated that there is _____ disparity between couples' self-reports of how much they would like to work and how much they are working.

A)no
B)some
C)considerable

Question 13

One of the great challenges for American families today is:

A)job stress
B)the maternal role
C)the community role.
D)balancing the demands of work and family life.

Question 14

Men tend to be more satisfied with their share of housework if:

A)it is less than 2 hours per week
B)their wives thought they performed household tasks competently
C)they are able to choose which household tasks they are responsible for
D)they enjoy doing the particular household tasks they choose

Question 15

Research indicates that fathers' long work hours tend to result in:

A)families who feel more secure
B)less time to build family relationships
C)mothers who can stay home with children
D)less time for leisure activities

Question 16

One of the findings from a 2001 study revealed that women who take longer maternity leave:

A)seldom go back to work at all
B)do not need their husband's help with child care
C)are those who did not want to be employed
D)are more satisfied with their marriage

Question 17

A study of time diaries showed that since the 1960s,women have _____ their housework hours.

A)cut by almost 25%
B)cut by almost 50%
C)maintained
D)increased

Question 18

Typically,______ work more hours than their _____ counterparts.

A)Whites; Hispanic/Black
B)Hispanics/Blacks; White
C)Hispanics; Black
D)All ethnic groups are about the same.

Question 19

Research indicates that members of strong families reduce their time pressures by asking which of the following for each of their involvements:

A)Is this truly important?
B)Is this necessary?
C)Does this make me happy?
D)all of these
E)A and B

Question 20

Studies show that American parents are working _____ hours away from home than they did 20 years ago.

A)fewer
B)the same number of
C)more
D)half the number

Question 21

According to the U.S.Census Bureau,______ have the lowest poverty rate.

A)Whites
B)Blacks
C)Hispanics
D)Asian/Pacific Islanders

Question 22

The minimum wage in 1950 paid about _____% of the amount required for a family of four with two full-time workers and two children to survive but by 1970 had fallen to _____% of necessary income.

A)70; 60
B)85; 80
C)100; 85
D)110; 90

Question 23

Women have higher poverty rates than men do because they:

A)don't work as hard
B)aren't paid on parity with men
C)would rather live on welfare and not work
D)are more likely to be single,custodial parents\
E)B and D

Question 24

According to the U.S.Census Bureau,the poverty line for a family of four is:

A)$10,000
B)$16,500
C)$21,000
D)$28,500

Question 25

As of 2004,what is the biggest expense for families,accounting for about one-third of all expenses?

A)food
B)clothing
C)housing
D)education

Question 26

The text points out that the families that are most in debt are those that:

A)fall into the lowest income bracket
B)use personal checks and debit cards
C)have mortgages and credit cards
D)spend 15% of their paychecks on debt payments

Question 27

Which of the following is considered to be the major family expenditure reflected in the list of common household expenses published by the U.S.Bureau of Labor Statistics?

A)food
B)education
C)housing
D)children

Question 28

The amounts designated for the poverty line and minimum wage are ______.

A)calculated to assure that people earn enough to provide for basic necessities
B)both considered inadequate measures of people's basic living costs
C)tied together so that as one rises so does the other
D)fair representations of what it cost in 1960 to support a family

Question 29

Families on welfare are required to:

A)fulfill certain strict federal guidelines before qualifying for assistance
B)work at least part-time after 1 year on assistance
C)either work or do community service after 2 months on assistance
D)reapply and meet certain requirements after 5 years on assistance

Question 30

According to the U.S.Bureau of Labor Statistics,female college graduates earn ______ as much as their male counterparts.

A)almost
B)just
C)about 3/4
D)about 2/3

Question 31

The minimum wage,today,pays about _____% of the amount required for a family of four with two full-time workers and two children to survive.

A)70
B)85
C)100
D)110

Question 32

Critics of welfare reform believe that:

A)the legislation will not get people off welfare for good
B)children will be hurt by some of the provisions
C)the reforms are not deep enough
D)politicians have created a bureaucracy that is too expensive

Question 33

The text points out that dual-career couples who are successful and happy:

A)seldom have children
B)are unlikely to be able to sustain the lifestyle more than a few years
C)share family responsibilities and treat each other as equals
D)must sacrifice either their marriage or their family

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT one of the purposes of TANF?

A)to prevent pregnancies outside of marriage
B)to provide quality day care centers for working mothers
C)to encourage formation and maintenance of two-parent families
D)to provide assistance to needy families

Question 35

The median income level of families in 2007 was almost

A)$21,000
B)$35,400
C)$50,700
D)$61,400

Question 36

The cost of raising a child to age 18 in a middle-class family is about

A)$85,300
B)$120,200
C)$184,300
D)$320,400

Question 37

According to the U.S.Census Bureau,since 2000,the number of people living in poverty in the United States:

A)leveled out
B)rose
C)fell

Question 38

One conclusion that could be drawn from information provided in the text is that life is different for families living in poverty than for other families PRIMARILY because:

A)they don't have the motivation to change their lives
B)government subsidies allow them to live without working so hard
C)they have difficulty coping and meeting basic needs
D)they are satisfied with much less than most people

Question 39

)According to the U.S.Census Bureau,_____ of the population live below the poverty line.

A)5.4%
B)12.5%
C)18.5%
D)22.2%

Question 40

According to the U.S.Bureau of Labor Statistics,the gap between what women earn and what men earn is greatest in occupations that:

A)are sales related
B)require less education
C)require more education
D)require physical labor

Question 41

Flextime refers to how women and men allocate their time across multiple roles at home.

Question 42

Which of the following provisions of the welfare bill signed by President Clinton could be considered very controversial because of its impact on children?

A)cuts in food stamp benefits
B)cuts in supplemental security benefits
C)stricter eligibility requirements for unmarried mothers
D)requirements for community service
E)A and B

Question 43

Even when education levels are taken into account,there is still an inequity in salaries between men and women.

Question 44

Multiple roles have a beneficial effect for men but not for women with regard to mental,physical and relationship health.

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a suggestion by the organization United for A Fair Economy to address the problem of poverty?

A)raise in the minimum wage
B)higher earned-income credit limits
C)savings plans that are tax-exempt
D)raising food stamp qualification limits

Question 46

The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 has not been as effective as it could have been because:

A)only full-time employees with one year of employment are eligible
B)"key" employees can be denied leave
C)small businesses do not have to comply
D)all of these
E)B and C

Question 47

Housing ranks as the second biggest expense for families.

Question 48

Upper-income Hispanic families work the most of any group in any economic class.

Question 49

Research in 1999 shows that 1/3 of those who are no longer receiving welfare:

A)have escaped the cycle of poverty
B)are earning more than they were on welfare
C)are not working
D)have become homeless

Question 50

Haddock and colleagues studied adaptive strategies from successful families for balancing work and family.Discuss 5 of the 10 they identify.

Question 51

The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC)applies only to families on welfare.

Question 52

A greater percentage of married women with a youngest child under 1 year of age are working than are married women with children under 18 years of age.

Question 53

Research indicates that more working fathers than working mothers experience negative work-family spillover.

Question 54

Strong families manage to keep stress in perspective by:

A)remembering that everyone has tough times
B)understanding that most stressors are significant
C)having compassion for others who may have bigger problems
D)all of these
E)A and C

Question 55

Other industrialized nations provide less extensive paid maternity leave than the U.S.

Question 56

"The rich get richer and the poor get poorer" describes the:

A)current trend in America
B)situation rectified by the 1994 welfare reform act
C)feminization of poverty
D)cycle of poverty

Question 57

Women have higher poverty rates than men because they lack the educational resources.

Question 58

Today,the poverty line doesn't measure the poor,but rather the very poor.

Question 59

The term work-family spillover is defined as the extent to which participation in one domain impacts participation in another domain.

Question 60

Two national studies indicate that nearly 50% of parents report spending too little time with children.

Question 61

Name two negative consequences long work hours can have for families.

Question 62

Why are dual-career marriages difficult to achieve?

Question 63

Based upon the text's discussion,characterize fathers' child-care role.

Question 64

Couples go into debt for various reasons.Name four.

Question 65

Discuss four coping strategies for dealing with time pressure.

Question 66

Name two benefits of having a dual-career marriage.

Question 67

Discuss the four effects of poverty on the family listed in the text.