Deck 6: Childhood Communicable and Infectious Diseases

Question 1

What causes warts?

A) A virus
B) A fungus
C) A parasite
D) Bacteria

Answer 1

A virus

Question 2

Which muscle is contraindicated for the administration of immunizations in infants and young children?

A) Deltoid
B) Dorsogluteal
C) Ventrogluteal
D) Anterolateral thigh

Answer 2

Dorsogluteal

Question 3

Which is described as an elevated, circumscribed skin lesion that is less than 1 cm in diameter and filled with serous fluid?

A) Cyst
B) Papule
C) Pustule
D) Vesicle

Answer 3

Vesicle

Question 4

Herpes zoster is caused by the varicella virus and has an affinity for which?

A) Sympathetic nerve fibers
B) Parasympathetic nerve fibers
C) Lateral and dorsal columns of the spinal cord
D) Posterior root ganglia and posterior horn of the spinal cord

Question 5

When giving instructions to a parent whose child has scabies, what should the nurse include?

A) Treat all family members if symptoms develop.
B) Be prepared for symptoms to last 2 to 3 weeks.
C) Carefully treat only areas where there is a rash.
D) Notify practitioner so an antibiotic can be prescribed.

Question 6

A mother tells the nurse that she does not want her infant immunized because of the discomfort associated with injections. What should the nurse explain?

A) This cannot be prevented.
B) Infants do not feel pain as adults do.
C) This is not a good reason for refusing immunizations.
D) A topical anesthetic can be applied before injections are given.

Question 7

Lymphangitis (streaking) is frequently seen in what?

A) Cellulitis
B) Folliculitis
C) Impetigo contagiosa
D) Staphylococcal scalded skin

Question 8

What should the nurse explain about ringworm?

A) It is not contagious.
B) It is a sign of uncleanliness.
C) It is expected to resolve spontaneously.
D) It is spread by both direct and indirect contact.

Question 9

What is the primary treatment for warts?

A) Vaccination
B) Local destruction
C) Corticosteroids
D) Specific antibiotic therapy

Question 10

Treatment for herpes simplex virus (type 1 or 2) includes which?

A) Corticosteroids
B) Oral griseofulvin
C) Oral antiviral agent
D) Topical or systemic antibiotic

Question 11

Pertussis vaccination should begin at which age?

A) Birth
B) 2 months
C) 6 months
D) 12 months

Question 12

Which is usually the only symptom of pediculosis capitis (head lice)?

A) Itching
B) Vesicles
C) Scalp rash
D) Localized inflammatory response

Question 13

A 4-month-old infant comes to the clinic for a well-infant checkup. Immunizations she should receive are DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis) and IPV (inactivated poliovirus vaccine). She is recovering from a cold but is otherwise healthy and afebrile. Her older sister has cancer and is receiving chemotherapy. Nursing considerations should include which?

A) DTaP and IPV can be safely given.
B) DTaP and IPV are contraindicated because she has a cold.
C) IPV is contraindicated because her sister is immunocompromised.
D) DTaP and IPV are contraindicated because her sister is immunocompromised.

Question 14

What does impetigo ordinarily results in?

A) No scarring
B) Pigmented spots
C) Atrophic white scars
D) Slightly depressed scars

Question 15

Which serious reaction should the nurse be alert for when administering vaccines?

A) Fever
B) Skin irritation
C) Allergic reaction
D) Pain at injection site

Question 16

Which vitamin supplementation has been found to reduce both morbidity and mortality in measles?

A) A
B) B1
C) C
D) Zinc

Question 17

What is most important in the management of cellulitis?

A) Burow solution compresses
B) Oral or parenteral antibiotics
C) Topical application of an antibiotic
D) Incision and drainage of severe lesions

Question 18

What often causes cellulitis?

A) Herpes zoster
B) Candida albicans
C) Human papillomavirus
D) Streptococci or staphylococci

Question 19

The school reviewed the pediculosis capitis (head lice) policy and removed the "no nit" requirement. The nurse explains that now, when a child is found to have nits, the parents must do which before the child can return to school?

A) No treatment is necessary with the policy change.
B) Shampoo and then trim the child's hair to prevent reinfestation.
C) The child can remain in school with treatment done at home.
D) Treat the child with a shampoo to treat lice and comb with a fine-tooth comb every day until nits are eliminated.

Question 20

The nurse should know what about Lyme disease?

A) Very difficult to prevent
B) Easily treated with oral antibiotics in stages 1, 2, and 3
C) Caused by a spirochete that enters the skin through a tick bite
D) Common in geographic areas where the soil contains the mycotic spores that cause the disease

Question 21

The nurse is conducting discharge teaching to an adolescent with a methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. What should the nurse include in the instructions? (Select all that apply.)

A) Avoid sharing of towels and washcloths.
B) Launder clothes and bedding in cold water.
C) Use bleach when laundering towels and washcloths.
D) Take a daily bath or shower with an antibacterial soap.
E) Apply mupirocin (Bactroban) to the nares twice a day for 2 to 4 weeks.

Question 22

The nurse is preparing to administer a measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (MMRV) vaccine. Which is a contraindication associated with administering this vaccine?

A) The child has recently been exposed to an infectious disease.
B) The child has symptoms of a cold but no fever.
C) The child is having intermittent episodes of diarrhea.
D) The child has a disorder that causes a deficient immune system.

Question 23

The nurse is planning care for an infant with candidiasis (moniliasis) diaper dermatitis. Which topical ointments may be prescribed for the patient? (Select all that apply.)

A) Nystatin
B) Bactroban
C) Neosporin
D) Miconazole
E) Clotrimazole

Question 24

The nurse is preparing to admit a 5-year-old child who developed lesions of varicella (chickenpox) 3 days ago. Which clinical manifestations of varicella should the nurse expect to observe? (Select all that apply.)

A) Nonpruritic rash
B) Elevated temperature
C) Discrete rose pink rash
D) Vesicles surrounded by an erythematous base
E) Centripetal rash in all three stages (papule, vesicle, and crust)

Question 25

The nurse is planning to administer immunizations to a 6-month-old infant. Which interventions should the nurse implement to minimize local reactions from the vaccines? (Select all that apply.)

A) Select a needle length of 1 inch.
B) Administer in the deltoid muscle.
C) Inject the vaccine into the vastus lateralis.
D) Draw the vaccine up from a vial with a filter needle.
E) Change the needle on the syringe after drawing up the vaccine and before injecting.

Question 26

The nurse is planning care for a child with chickenpox (varicella). Which prescribed supportive measures should the nurse plan to implement? (Select all that apply.)

A) Administration of acyclovir (Zovirax)
B) Administration of azithromycin (Zithromax)
C) Administration of Vitamin A supplementation
D) Administration of acetaminophen (Tylenol) for fever
E) Administration of diphenhydramine (Benadryl) for itching

Question 27

The nurse is preparing to admit a 1-year-old child with pertussis (whooping cough). Which clinical manifestations of pertussis should the nurse expect to observe? (Select all that apply.)

A) Earache
B) Coryza
C) Conjunctivitis
D) Low-grade fever
E) Dry hacking cough

Question 28

A child has been diagnosed with giardiasis. Which prescribed medication should the nurse expect to administer?

A) Acyclovir (Zovirax)
B) Metronidazole (Flagyl)
C) Erythromycin (Pediazole)
D) Azithromycin (Zithromax)

Question 29

An infant with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is being admitted to the hospital. The nurse should plan to place the infant on which precaution?

A) Enteric
B) Airborne
C) Droplet
D) Contact

Question 30

The nurse is preparing an airborne infection isolation room for a patient. Which communicable disease does the patient likely have?

A) Varicella
B) Pertussis
C) Influenza
D) Scarlet fever

Question 31

A child has been diagnosed with cat scratch disease. The nurse explains which characteristics about this disease?

A) "The disease is usually a benign, self-limiting illness."
B) "The animal that transmitted the disease will also be ill."
C) "The disease is treated with a 5-day course of oral azithromycin."
D) "Symptoms include pruritus, especially at the site of inoculation."

Question 32

An 18-month-old child has been diagnosed with pediculosis capitis (head lice). Which prescription should the nurse question if ordered for the child?

A) Malathion (Ovide)
B) Permethrin 1% (Nix)
C) Benzyl alcohol 5% lotion
D) Pyrethrin with piperonyl butoxide (RID)

Question 33

The nurse is teaching a nursing student about standard precautions. Which statement made by the student indicates a need for further teaching?

A) "I will use precautions when I give an infant oral care."
B) "I will use precautions when I change an infant's diaper."
C) "I will use precautions when I come in contact with blood and body fluids."
D) "I will use precautions when administering oral medications to a school-age child."

Question 34

The nurse is assessing a child suspected of having pinworms. Which is the most common symptom the nurse expects to assess?

A) Restlessness
B) Distractibility
C) Rectal discharge
D) Intense perianal itching

Question 35

A child has been diagnosed with scabies. Which statement by the parent indicates understanding of the nurse's teaching about scabies?

A) "The itching will stop after the cream is applied."
B) "We will complete extensive aggressive housecleaning."
C) "We will apply the cream to only the affected areas as directed."
D) "Everyone who has been in close contact with my child will need to be treated."

Question 36

The nurse is preparing to admit a 2-year-old child with rubella (German measles). Which clinical manifestations of rubella should the nurse expect to observe? (Select all that apply.)

A) Sore throat
B) Conjunctivitis
C) Koplik spots
D) Lymphadenopathy
E) Discrete, pinkish red maculopapular exanthema

Question 37

The nurse is administering the first hepatitis A vaccine to an 18-month-old child. When should the child return to the clinic for the second dose of hepatitis A vaccination?

A) After 2 months
B) After 3 months
C) After 4 months
D) After 6 months

Question 38

The clinic nurse is instructing parents about caring for a toddler with ascariasis (common roundworm). Which statement made by the parents indicates a need for further teaching?

A) "We will wash our hands often, especially after diaper changes."
B) "We know that roundworm can be transmitted from person to person."
C) "We will be sure to continue the nitazoxanide (Alinia) orally for 3 days."
D) "We will bring a stool sample to the clinic for examination in 2 weeks."

Question 39

The clinic nurse is reviewing the immunization guidelines for hepatitis B. Which are true of the guidelines for this vaccine? (Select all that apply.)

A) The hepatitis B vaccination series should be begun at birth.
B) The adolescent not vaccinated at birth does not have a need to be vaccinated.
C) Any child not vaccinated at birth should receive two doses at least 4 months apart.
D) An unimmunized 10-year-old child should receive three doses administered 4 weeks apart.

Question 40

An immunocompromised child has been exposed to chickenpox. What should the nurse anticipate to be prescribed to the exposed child?

A) Acyclovir (Zovirax)
B) Valacyclovir (Valtrex)
C) Amantadine (Symmetrel)
D) Varicella-zoster immune globulin

Question 41

MATCHING
Match the key immunization terms to their meanings.

Immunity from exposure to the invading agent, which is a bacteria, virus, or toxin

A)Natural immunity
B)Acquired immunity
C)Active immunity
D)Passive immunity
E)Herd immunity

Question 42

The clinic nurse is assessing a child with bacterial conjunctivitis (pink eye). Which assessment findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)

A) Itching
B) Swollen eyelids
C) Inflamed conjunctiva
D) Purulent eye drainage
E) Crusting of eyelids in the morning

Question 43

MATCHING
Match the key immunization terms to their meanings.

A state in which immune bodies are actively formed against specific antigens, either naturally by having had the disease or artificially

A)Natural immunity
B)Acquired immunity
C)Active immunity
D)Passive immunity
E)Herd immunity

Question 44

MATCHING
Match the key immunization terms to their meanings.

A majority of the population is vaccinated, and the spread of certain diseases is stopped

A)Natural immunity
B)Acquired immunity
C)Active immunity
D)Passive immunity
E)Herd immunity

Question 45

MATCHING
Match the key immunization terms to their meanings.

Innate immunity or resistance to infection or toxicity

A)Natural immunity
B)Acquired immunity
C)Active immunity
D)Passive immunity
E)Herd immunity

Question 46

The clinic nurse is assessing a child with a heavy ascariasis lumbricoides (common roundworm) infection. Which assessment findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)

A) Anemia
B) Anorexia
C) Irritability
D) Intestinal colic
E) Enlarged abdomen

Question 47

MATCHING
Match the key immunization terms to their meanings.

Temporary immunity from the mother to the fetus via the placenta

A)Natural immunity
B)Acquired immunity
C)Active immunity
D)Passive immunity
E)Herd immunity