Deck 11: Liquids and Solids

Question 1

What is the term for a substance in the solid state that contains particles which repeat in a regular geometric pattern?

A)crystalline solid
B)geometric solid
C)noncrystalline solid
D)regular solid
E)none of the above

Answer 1

crystalline solid

Question 2

What is the term for an intermolecular attraction based on permanent dipoles involving a H atom bonded to an O or N atom?

A)dipole force
B)dispersion force
C)hydrogen bond
D)intermolecular bond
E)none of the above

Answer 2

hydrogen bond

Question 3

What is the term for the heat required to convert a liquid to a gas at its boiling point?

A)heat of crystallization
B)heat of fusion
C)heat of vaporization
D)specific heat
E)none of the above

Answer 3

heat of vaporization

Question 4

What is the term for water purified by an ion exchange method?

A)deionized water
B)distilled water
C)hard water
D)soft water
E)none of the above

Question 5

What is the term for a crystalline solid composed of metal atoms which repeat in a regular pattern?

A)ionic solid
B)metallic solid
C)molecular solid
D)regular solid
E)none of the above

Question 6

What is the term for water purified by boiling and collecting the condensed vapor?

A)deionized water
B)distilled water
C)hard water
D)soft water
E)none of the above

Question 7

What is the term for a crystalline solid composed of molecules which repeat in a regular pattern?

A)ionic solid
B)metallic solid
C)molecular solid
D)regular solid
E)none of the above

Question 8

What is the term that describes a compound which has lost water of hydration?

A)anhydrous
B)deliquescent
C)efflorescent
D)hygroscopic
E)none of the above

Question 9

What is the term for a compound which reacts with water to produce a basic solution?

A)anhydrous
B)hydrate
C)metal oxide
D)nonmetal oxide
E)none of the above

Question 10

What is the term for a crystalline solid composed of ions which repeat in a regular pattern?

A)ionic solid
B)metallic solid
C)molecular solid
D)regular solid
E)none of the above

Question 11

What is the term for the heat required to convert a solid to a liquid at its melting point?

A)heat of crystallization
B)heat of fusion
C)heat of vaporization
D)specific heat
E)none of the above

Question 12

What is the term for the overall direction of partial negative charge in a molecule having two or more dipoles?

A)charge dipole
B)directional dipole
C)electron dipole
D)net dipole
E)none of the above

Question 13

What is the term for the angle formed by two atoms bonded to the central atom in a molecule?

A)atomic angle
B)bond angle
C)central angle
D)molecular angle
E)none of the above

Question 14

What is the term for an attraction between two molecules with permanent dipoles?

A)dipole force
B)dispersion force
C)hydrogen bond
D)intermolecular bond
E)none of the above

Question 15

What is the term for the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure?

A)absolute zero
B)boiling point
C)critical point
D)vapor point
E)none of the above

Question 16

What is the term for an attraction between two molecules with temporary dipoles?

A)dipole force
B)dispersion force
C)hydrogen bond
D)intermolecular bond
E)none of the above

Question 17

What is the term for water containing a variety of different cations and anions?

A)deionized water
B)distilled water
C)hard water
D)soft water
E)none of the above

Question 18

What is the term for the chemical reaction produced from passing electrical current through an aqueous solution?

A)decomposition
B)deionization
C)distillation
D)electrolysis
E)none of the above

Question 19

What is the term for a compound which contains a specific number of water molecules in a crystalline compound?

A)anhydrous
B)deliquescent
C)efflorescent
D)hydrate
E)none of the above

Question 20

What is the term for a compound which reacts with water to produce an acidic solution?

A)anhydrous
B)hydrate
C)metal oxide
D)nonmetal oxide
E)none of the above

Question 21

Which of the following is an observed property of liquids?

A)Liquids have a fixed shape and variable volume.
B)Liquids that are soluble mix homogeneously.
C)Liquids compress and expand significantly.
D)Liquids are less dense than gases.
E)none of the above

Question 22

Predict the physical state of ammonia at -95 °C (Mp = -77 °C,Bp = -33 °C)and normal atmospheric pressure.

A)solid
B)liquid
C)gas
D)solid and liquid
E)liquid and gas

Question 23

Predict the physical state of ammonia at -15 °C (Mp = -77 °C,Bp = -33 °C)and normal atmospheric pressure.

A)solid
B)liquid
C)gas
D)solid and liquid
E)liquid and gas

Question 24

What is the term for the resistance of a liquid to spread and its tendency to form spherical droplets?

A)dipole attraction
B)dispersion forces
C)surface tension
D)viscosity
E)none of the above

Question 25

Predict the physical state of argon at -197 °C (Mp = -189 °C,Bp = -186 °C)and normal atmospheric pressure.

A)solid
B)liquid
C)gas
D)solid and liquid
E)liquid and gas

Question 26

Which of the following is an observed property of liquids?

A)Liquids are less dense than gases.
B)Liquids compress or expand significantly.
C)Liquids have a fixed shape and variable volume.
D)Liquids that are insoluble mix homogeneously.
E)none of the above

Question 27

Which of the following is true of the intermolecular attractions in liquids?

A)Nonpolar molecules are attracted by dispersion forces.
B)Nonpolar molecules are attracted by dipole forces.
C)Nonpolar molecules are attracted by hydrogen bonds.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 28

What is the strongest intermolecular force in a liquid containing molecules with H-N bonds?

A)covalent bonds
B)dipole forces
C)dispersion forces
D)hydrogen bonds
E)none of the above

Question 29

What is the term for the number of water molecules in a hydrate?

A)anhydrous water
B)deliquescent water
C)efflorescent water
D)water of hydration
E)none of the above

Question 30

Which of the following is true of the intermolecular attractions in liquids?

A)Nonpolar molecules are attracted by temporary dipole forces.
B)Polar molecules are attracted by temporary dipole forces.
C)Polar molecules are attracted by permanent dipole forces.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 31

What is the term for the amount of energy required to raise one gram of any substance one degree on the Celsius scale?

A)calorie
B)heat
C)specific heat
D)joule
E)none of the above

Question 32

What is the term for the resistance of a liquid to flow?

A)dipole attraction
B)dispersion forces
C)surface tension
D)viscosity
E)none of the above

Question 33

What is the strongest intermolecular force in a liquid containing molecules with H-O bonds?

A)covalent bonds
B)dipole forces
C)dispersion forces
D)hydrogen bonds
E)none of the above

Question 34

Predict the physical state of ammonia at -50 °C (Mp = -77 °C,Bp = -33 °C)and normal atmospheric pressure.

A)solid
B)liquid
C)gas
D)solid and liquid
E)liquid and gas

Question 35

Predict the physical state of argon at -100 °C (Mp = -189 °C,Bp = -186 °C)and normal atmospheric pressure.

A)solid
B)liquid
C)gas
D)solid and liquid
E)liquid and gas

Question 36

Which of the following is an observed property of liquids?

A)Liquids flow readily.
B)Liquids do not compress or expand significantly.
C)Liquids have a variable shape and fixed volume.
D)Liquids are more dense than gases.
E)all of the above

Question 37

What is the term for water containing sodium ions and a variety of anions?

A)deionized water
B)distilled water
C)hard water
D)soft water
E)none of the above

Question 38

What is the strongest intermolecular force in a liquid containing molecules with nonpolar bonds?

A)covalent bonds
B)dipole forces
C)dispersion forces
D)hydrogen bonds
E)none of the above

Question 39

Predict the physical state of argon at -187 °C (Mp = -189 °C,Bp = -186 °C)and normal atmospheric pressure.

A)solid
B)liquid
C)gas
D)solid and liquid
E)liquid and gas

Question 40

What is the term for the pressure exerted by vapor molecules above a liquid in a closed container when the rates of vaporization and condensation are equal?

A)atmospheric pressure
B)gas pressure
C)partial pressure
D)vapor pressure
E)none of the above

Question 41

Consider the following liquids with similar molar masses.Predict which has the weakest intermolecular attraction based only on vapor pressure data.

A)acetic acid (vapor pressure @ 20 °C = 14 mm Hg)
B)butane (vapor pressure @ 20 °C = 1550 mm Hg)
C)ethyl chloride (vapor pressure @ 20 °C = 1050 mm Hg)
D)ethyl methyl ether (vapor pressure @ 20 °C = 1260 mm Hg)
E)isopropyl alcohol (vapor pressure @ 20 °C = 35 mm Hg)

Question 42

Consider the following liquids with similar molar masses.Predict which has the strongest intermolecular attraction based only on vapor pressure data.

A)acetic acid (vapor pressure @ 20 °C = 14 mm Hg)
B)butane (vapor pressure @ 20 °C = 1550 mm Hg)
C)ethyl chloride (vapor pressure @ 20 °C = 1050 mm Hg)
D)ethyl methyl ether (vapor pressure @ 20 °C = 1260 mm Hg)
E)isopropyl alcohol (vapor pressure @ 20 °C = 35 mm Hg)

Question 43

The vapor pressure of mercury is 1 mm Hg at 126 °C;10 mm Hg at 184 °C;400mm Hg at 323 °C;100 mm Hg at 262 °C;760 mm Hg at 357 °C.What is the normal boiling point of mercury?

A)126 °C
B)184 °C
C)262 °C
D)323 °C
E)357 °C

Question 44

Consider the following liquids with similar molar masses.Predict which liquid has the highest boiling point based only on vapor pressure data.

A)pentane (vapor pressure @ 20 °C = 430 mm Hg)
B)methyl acetate (vapor pressure @ 20 °C = 205 mm Hg)
C)butyl alcohol (vapor pressure @ 20 °C = 6 mm Hg)
D)propyl chloride (vapor pressure @ 20 °C = 300 mm Hg)
E)ethyl ether (vapor pressure @ 20 °C = 450 mm Hg)

Question 45

Consider the following liquids with similar molar masses.Predict which liquid has the highest boiling point based only on vapor pressure data.

A)acetic acid (vapor pressure @ 20 °C = 14 mm Hg)
B)butane (vapor pressure @ 20 °C = 1550 mm Hg)
C)ethyl chloride (vapor pressure @ 20 °C = 1050 mm Hg)
D)ethyl methyl ether (vapor pressure @ 20 °C = 1260 mm Hg)
E)isopropyl alcohol (vapor pressure @ 20 °C = 35 mm Hg)

Question 46

Consider the following liquids with similar molar masses.Predict which liquid has the lowest boiling point based only on vapor pressure data.

A)acetic acid (vapor pressure @ 20 °C = 14 mm Hg)
B)butane (vapor pressure @ 20 °C = 1550 mm Hg)
C)ethyl chloride (vapor pressure @ 20 °C = 1050 mm Hg)
D)ethyl methyl ether (vapor pressure @ 20 °C = 1260 mm Hg)
E)isopropyl alcohol (vapor pressure @ 20 °C = 35 mm Hg)

Question 47

If the molecules in a liquid have a weak attraction for each other,which of the following properties has a relatively high value?

A)boiling point
B)surface tension
C)vapor pressure
D)viscosity
E)all of the above

Question 48

The vapor pressure of methanol is 1 mm Hg at -44 °C;10 mm Hg at -16 °C;100mm Hg at 21 °C;760 mm Hg at 65 °C;1520 mm Hg at 84 °C.What is the normal boiling point of methanol?

A)-44 °C
B)-16 °C
C)21 °C
D)65 °C
E)84 °C

Question 49

Consider the following liquids with similar molar masses.Predict which has the strongest intermolecular attraction based only on boiling point data.

A)butyl alcohol (Bp @ 760 mm Hg = 117 °C)
B)ethyl ether (Bp @ 760 mm Hg = 35 °C)
C)pentane (Bp @ 760 mm Hg = 36 °C)
D)propionic acid (Bp @ 760 mm Hg = 141 °C)
E)propyl chloride (Bp @ 760 mm Hg = 47 °C)

Question 50

Consider the following liquids with similar molar masses.Predict which has the strongest intermolecular attraction based only on boiling point data.

A)acetic acid (Bp @ 760 mm Hg = 118 °C)
B)butane (Bp @ 760 mm Hg = -0.5 °C)
C)ethyl chloride (Bp @ 760 mm Hg = 12 °C)
D)ethyl methyl ether (Bp @ 760 mm Hg = 11 °C)
E)propyl alcohol (Bp @ 760 mm Hg = 97 °C)

Question 51

Which of the following is true of the intermolecular attractions in liquids?

A)All polar molecules are attracted by dispersion forces.
B)All polar molecules are attracted by dipole forces.
C)Some polar molecules are attracted by hydrogen bonds.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 52

Consider the following liquids with similar molar masses.Predict which has the weakest intermolecular attraction based only on vapor pressure data.

A)butyl alcohol (vapor pressure @ 20 °C = 6 mm Hg)
B)ethyl ether (vapor pressure @ 20 °C = 450 mm Hg)
C)pentane (vapor pressure @ 20 °C = 430 mm Hg)
D)propionic acid (vapor pressure @ 20 °C = 5 mm Hg)
E)propyl chloride (vapor pressure @ 20 °C = 300 mm Hg)

Question 53

Consider the following liquids with similar molar masses.Predict which liquid has the weakest intermolecular attraction based on viscosity data.

A)butyl alcohol (viscosity @ 20 °C = 2.95 centipoise)
B)ethyl ether (viscosity @ 20 °C = 0.23 centipoise)
C)ethyl formate (viscosity @ 20 °C = 0.40 centipoise)
D)propionic acid (viscosity @ 20 °C = 1.10 centipoise)
E)propyl chloride (viscosity @ 20 °C = 0.35 centipoise)

Question 54

Consider the following liquids with similar molar masses.Predict which liquid has the lowest boiling point based only on vapor pressure data.

A)pentane (vapor pressure @ 20 °C = 430 mm Hg)
B)methyl acetate (vapor pressure @ 20 °C = 205 mm Hg)
C)butyl alcohol (vapor pressure @ 20 °C = 6 mm Hg)
D)propyl chloride (vapor pressure @ 20 °C = 300 mm Hg)
E)ethyl ether (vapor pressure @ 20 °C = 450 mm Hg)

Question 55

Consider the following liquids with similar molar masses.Predict which has the weakest intermolecular attraction based only on boiling point data.

A)acetic acid (Bp @ 760 mm Hg = 118 °C)
B)butane (Bp @ 760 mm Hg = -0.5 °C)
C)ethyl chloride (Bp @ 760 mm Hg = 12 °C)
D)ethyl methyl ether (Bp @ 760 mm Hg = 11 °C)
E)propyl alcohol (Bp @ 760 mm Hg = 97 °C)

Question 56

Consider the following liquids with similar molar masses.Predict which liquid has the weakest intermolecular attraction based on surface tension data.

A)butyl alcohol (surface tension @ 20 °C = 25 dynes/cm)
B)ethyl ether (surface tension @ 20 °C = 17 dynes/cm)
C)ethyl formate (surface tension @ 20 °C = 24 dynes/cm)
D)propionic acid (surface tension @ 20 °C = 27 dynes/cm)
E)propyl chloride (surface tension @ 20 °C = 18 dynes/cm)

Question 57

Consider the following liquids with similar molar masses.Predict which liquid has the strongest intermolecular attraction based on viscosity data.

A)butyl alcohol (viscosity @ 20 °C = 2.95 centipoise)
B)ethyl ether (viscosity @ 20 °C = 0.23 centipoise)
C)ethyl formate (viscosity @ 20 °C = 0.40 centipoise)
D)propionic acid (viscosity @ 20 °C = 1.10 centipoise)
E)propyl chloride (viscosity @ 20 °C = 0.35 centipoise)

Question 58

If the molecules in a liquid have a strong attraction for each other,which of the following properties has a relatively low value?

A)boiling point
B)surface tension
C)vapor pressure
D)viscosity
E)all of the above

Question 59

Consider the following liquids with similar molar masses.Predict which liquid has the strongest intermolecular attraction based on surface tension data.

A)butyl alcohol (surface tension @ 20 °C = 25 dynes/cm)
B)ethyl ether (surface tension @ 20 °C = 17 dynes/cm)
C)ethyl formate (surface tension @ 20 °C = 24 dynes/cm)
D)propionic acid (surface tension @ 20 °C = 27 dynes/cm)
E)propyl chloride (surface tension @ 20 °C = 18 dynes/cm)

Question 60

If the molecules in a liquid have a strong attraction for each other,which of the following properties has a relatively high value?

A)boiling point
B)viscosity
C)surface tension
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 61

Which of the following are types of crystalline solids?

A)ionic
B)metallic
C)molecular
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 62

Which of the following types of crystalline solids have metal atoms arranged in regular geometric patterns?

A)ionic
B)metallic
C)molecular
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 63

Predict the physical state of krypton at -175 °C (Mp = -157 °C,Bp = -152 °C)and normal atmospheric pressure.

A)solid
B)liquid
C)gas
D)solid and liquid
E)liquid and gas

Question 64

Predict the physical state of krypton at -150 °C (Mp = -157 °C,Bp = -152 °C)and normal atmospheric pressure.

A)solid
B)liquid
C)gas
D)solid and liquid
E)liquid and gas

Question 65

The vapor pressure of a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)is 0.193 psi at -98 °C;1.91 psi at -70 °C;14.7 psi at -30 °C;29.4 psi at -12 °C;73.5 psi at 16 °C.What is the normal boiling point of the CFC?

A)-98 °C
B)-69 °C
C)-30 °C
D)-12 °C
E)16 °C

Question 66

Which of the following is an example of an ionic crystalline solid?

A)halite,NaCl
B)phosphorus,P4
C)sucrose,C12H₂2O11
D)urea,CO(NH₂)2
E)none of the above

Question 67

Which of the following is an example of a metallic crystalline solid?

A)potassium,K
B)titanium,Ti
C)vanadium,V
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 68

Which of the following is an example of a molecular crystalline solid?

A)DDT,C14H9Cl5
B)ice,H₂O
C)sulfur,S8
D)vitamin D,C₂7H₄4O
E)all of the above

Question 69

Which of the following types of crystalline solids have ions arranged in regular geometric patterns?

A)ionic
B)metallic
C)molecular
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 70

The vapor pressure of ethyl ether is 7.87 in.Hg at 2 °C;11.8 in.Hg at 12 °C;27.5 in.Hg at 32 °C;29.9 in.Hg at 35 °C;39.3 in.Hg at 42 °C.What is the normal boiling point of ethyl ether?

A)2 °C
B)12 °C
C)32 °C
D)35 °C
E)42 °C

Question 71

The vapor pressure of acetone is 1 torr at -59 °C;100 torr at 8 °C;400 torr at 40 °C;760 torr at 56 °C;1520 torr at 79 °C.What is the normal boiling point of acetone?

A)-59 °C
B)8 °C
C)40 °C
D)56 °C
E)79 °C

Question 72

Which of the following is an example of an ionic crystalline solid?

A)calcite,CaCO₃
B)fluorite,CaF2
C)iron pyrite,FeS₂
D)silver chloride,AgCl
E)all of the above

Question 73

Which of the following is an example of a molecular crystalline solid?

A)dry ice,CO₂
B)fluorite,CaF2
C)marble,CaCO₃
D)iron pyrite,FeS₂
E)none of the above

Question 74

Which of the following is an observed property of solids?

A)Solids have a rigid shape and variable volume.
B)Solids always have crystalline structures.
C)Solids compress and expand significantly.
D)Solids are usually less dense than liquids.
E)none of the above

Question 75

Which of the following types of crystalline solids have molecules arranged in regular geometric patterns?

A)ionic
B)metallic
C)molecular
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Question 76

The vapor pressure of chloroform is 0.001 atm at -58 °C;0.132 atm at 10 °C;0.526 atm at 43 °C;1.00 atm at 61 °C;2.00 atm at 84 °C.What is the normal boiling point of chloroform?

A)-58 °C
B)10 °C
C)43 °C
D)61 °C
E)84 °C

Question 77

Predict the physical state of krypton at -155 °C (Mp = -157 °C,Bp = -152 °C)and normal atmospheric pressure.

A)solid
B)liquid
C)gas
D)solid and liquid
E)liquid and gas

Question 78

The vapor pressure of ethanol is 360 mm Hg at 60 °C;600 mm Hg at 72 °C;760mm Hg at 78 °C;810 mm Hg at 80 °C;1190 mm Hg at 90 °C.What is the normal boiling point of ethanol?

A)60 °C
B)72 °C
C)78 °C
D)80 °C
E)90 °C

Question 79

Which of the following is an observed property of solids?

A)Solids have a fixed shape and fixed volume.
B)Solids can be crystalline or noncrystalline.
C)Solids do not compress or expand significantly.
D)Solids are usually more dense than liquids.
E)all of the above

Question 80

Which of the following is an observed property of solids?

A)Solids have a variable shape and fixed volume.
B)Solids can have noncrystalline structures.
C)Solids compress and expand significantly.
D)Solids are usually less dense than liquids.
E)none of the above