Deck 13: Punishing Offenders in Prisons, Jails, and the Community

Question 1

All of the following are criticisms of caseload models of probation/parole EXCEPT they

A) discourage officers from thinking innovatively.
B) are bureaucratic in nature.
C) assign cases based on offender characteristics.
D) are based on assumptions rather than research.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Gary is an inmate at Oakhill Correctional Facility who has earned good time credits over his three years of incarceration. This means that Gary will most likely

A) be pardoned by the Governor.
B) get out of prison early.
C) receive conjugal visits.
D) have access to the prison library.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Officers' discretion in deciding which probation/parole violation to refer to court is called

A) selective enforcement.
B) personal revocation.
C) officer accountability.
D) administrative leniency.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Sam was convicted of a misdemeanor and was sentenced to 10 months of incarceration. Where is Sam most likely living?

A) Montana State Prison
B) United States Penitentiary, Allenwood
C) Saratoga County Jail
D) Varner Supermax

Question 5

The goal of administrative supervision is __________ rather than __________

A) rehabilitation; reoffending.
B) interaction; integration.
C) treatment; punishment.
D) control; supervision.

Question 6

Research suggests that the type of strain that increases the likelihood of reoffending is

A) conjugal visits.
B) suicide ideation.
C) negative relationships.
D) authoritarian correctional officers.

Question 7

Which of the following is a reason that jails are not conducive for rehabilitation?

A) Offenders are typically not in jail long enough for effective treatment.
B) The goal is punishment, not treatment.
C) Offenders have too many special needs.
D) They are designed for military use.

Question 8

Which probation and parole officer responsibility is ongoing?

A) Writing the presentence report
B) Assessment
C) GPS monitoring
D) Arrest

Question 9

Which famous case illustrated a problem with probation/parole supervision?

A) O. J. Simpson
B) Casey Anthony
C) George Zimmerman
D) Jaycee Dugard

Question 10

Which stage of incarceration is analogous to college orientation?

A) Classification
B) Reentry
C) Arraignment
D) Prerelease

Question 11

The fact that inmates give up complete control over their lives is called deprivation of

A) security.
B) heterosexual relationships.
C) autonomy.
D) goods and services.

Question 12

Providing the parole board with information and helping probation officers with treatment strategies are two functions of a(n)

A) ethnographic study.
B) presentence report.
C) psychosocial assessment.
D) history and physical.

Question 13

One difference between probation and parole is that

A) probation usually follows a period of incarceration.
B) probation is always located inside corrections departments.
C) parole usually follows a period of incarceration.
D) parole is always located inside the courts.

Question 14

Which aspect of incarceration is supposed to punish the offender?

A) Time away
B) Deprivation of rights
C) The prison environment
D) The prison subculture

Question 15

Which statement is TRUE?

A) Between 2009 and 2013, more inmates were admitted to state mental hospitals than were admitted to state prisons.
B) Between 2009 and 2013, there was a significant increase in inmates on suicide watch.
C) Between 2009 and 2013, more inmates were released each year than were admitted to state prisons.
D) Between 2009 and 2013, there was a significant decrease in the number of inmates placed in solitary confinement.

Question 16

Which is NOT a common architectural design of prisons?

A) Campus
B) Telephone pole
C) Institutional rotunda
D) Mixed

Question 17

Which of the following strategies is used to mitigate the pains of incarceration?

A) Hypnosis
B) Sleep deprivation
C) Electroconvulsive therapy
D) Visitation

Question 18

The process by which offenders are held before determinations of guilt are made is called

A) incarceration.
B) prerelease.
C) detention.
D) classification.

Question 19

Pat's sentence has been commuted. This means that Pat

A) is innocent.
B) will not serve the entire sentence.
C) is forgiven.
D) will be released to a treatment program.

Question 20

Prison architecture is designed to

A) deter crime.
B) prevent escape.
C) promote rehabilitation.
D) discourage visitors.

Question 21

California created the first work release program in 1906.

Question 22

Which stage of incarceration is analogous to a college internship?

A) Reentry
B) Prerelease
C) Classification
D) Detention

Question 23

Research suggests that boot camps are effective in reducing reoffending.

Question 24

What is the most commonly cited criticism surrounding boot camps?

A) They use a military model.
B) They don't deter future behavior.
C) They are only effective for serious offending.
D) They have the potential for net widening effects.

Question 25

Which of the following is a criticism of house arrest with electronic monitoring?

A) It lacks structure.
B) It is expensive.
C) It negatively affects employment.
D) It provides for net widening.

Question 26

The earliest versions of electronic monitoring involved

A) the telephone.
B) laptop computers.
C) GPS technology.
D) palm pilots.

Question 27

All of the following are similarities between jails and prisons EXCEPT they

A) house offenders before conviction.
B) employ correctional staff.
C) are reliant on government funding.
D) are designed securely.

Question 28

Violent offenders are rarely sentenced to day reporting centers as part of their initial sentence.

Question 29

Which level of home confinement is similar to being on lockdown?

A) Curfew
B) Home incarceration
C) Electronic monitoring
D) Home confinement

Question 30

What is the underlying philosophy of juvenile court?

A) Punishment
B) Parens patriae
C) Enforcing conditions
D) Integration

Question 31

The overall goal of jails and prisons is to punish offenders.

Question 32

Jails are used to hold mentally ill persons pending transfer to appropriate mental health facilities.

Question 33

Which task is most likely to be performed by a juvenile probation officer?

A) Supervising felons
B) Enforcing conditions
C) Traveling to job sites
D) Assisting youth

Question 34

Which prison design first appeared in 1980 and includes several separate buildings inside a large area?

A) Telephone pole
B) Campus
C) Radial
D) Mixed

Question 35

Home confinement is a relatively new community-based sanction.

Question 36

Which probation/parole task involves the presentence report?

A) Monitoring
B) Assessment
C) Enforcement of conditions
D) Formal sanctioning

Question 37

Which offender would likely have been supervised using electronic monitoring 20 years ago?

A) An individual convicted of DUI
B) A sex offender
C) A gang member
D) An individual convicted of domestic violence

Question 38

Reentry is best described as a(n)

A) event.
B) alternative.
C) punishment.
D) process.

Question 39

Which type of community-based sanction is technically NOT an alternative to incarceration?

A) Boot camps
B) Community service
C) Home confinement
D) Work release

Question 40

Which statement is most accurate about probation and parole?

A) It is more expensive to supervise offenders in the community than it is to incarcerate them in jail or prison.
B) Probation and parole are generally not experienced as punitive sanctions.
C) Research shows that community sanctions have little impact on rates of reoffending.
D) Probation and parole are more conducive to treatment strategies than incarceration is.

Question 41

The workload and caseload models of probation and parole are essentially the same.

Question 42

Curfew, home detention, and home incarceration are home confinement levels found in __________ courts.

Question 43

Community service sanctions may be especially useful for __________ offenders who have job skills that can be of benefit to the community.

Question 44

Boot camps remain a popular yet __________ community-based sanction.

Question 45

Probation and parole officers are typically involved in supervision, surveillance, and investigation tasks.

Question 46

Home confinement can be used either as a __________ strategy or as a sanction.

Question 47

A traditional supervision caseload for a probation/parole officer is roughly 20 offenders.

Question 48

Research shows that visitation policies can lower inmates' risk of reoffending.

Question 49

Day reporting centers were initially created to reduce __________ populations.

Question 50

Prisons are designed based on the architectural skills and construction abilities of a particular time period.

Question 51

The presentence report is designed to assist the judge in sentencing.

Question 52

Heightened suicide risk, anxiety, depression, and violence are responses to the __________ of imprisonment

Question 53

Deprivation of security is a pain of imprisonment in which inmates lose certain civil rights.

Question 54

Research studies have shown that probation and parole are experienced as a __________ sanction.

Question 55

A pardon means that the sentence is forgiven and the offender is released from custody as soon as the pardon is issued.

Question 56

Jails and prisons both rely on government funding.

Question 57

House arrest with electronic monitoring is a __________alternative to incarceration.

Question 58

The use of electronic monitoring has increased over the past __________ decades.

Question 59

Probation and parole are synonymous.

Question 60

Probation and parole sanctions are more conducive to __________ strategies than incarceration is.

Question 61

After offenders are convicted and sentenced to prison, they go through the __________ process.

Question 62

Jails and prisons are both __________ used to house offenders.

Question 63

What factors are involved in determining the design of prisons?

Question 64

Which type of offenders do jails hold?

Question 65

Briefly compare the goals of the two models of probation and parole.

Question 66

Name five responses to the pains of prison.

Question 67

What is parens patriae and how does this concept relate to juvenile probation?

Question 68

Discuss the five pains of incarceration. What factors affect the degree to which inmates experience these pains? Which strategies have been shown to mitigate these effects? Why do you think these strategies are or are not effective?

Question 69

Imagine you are a probation or parole officer. Describe a day in your work life, including your specific tasks and information about your caseload. Which aspects of the job would you both enjoy and find challenging?

Question 70

What is the revolving door of prisons?

Question 71

The caseloads for juvenile officers tend to be much __________ than that of adult officers.

Question 72

Briefly explain the two different ways that values are formed in prisons.

Question 73

Describe the three common architectural designs of prisons. Compare these designs with the qualities of an intelligent jail.

Question 74

Briefly describe three reasons jails are not conducive for rehabilitation.

Question 75

Compare and contrast two alternative sanctions discussed in the chapter. Include your own evaluation of the effectiveness of these sanctions.

Question 76

The __________ model of probation and parole promotes rehabilitation.

Question 77

Physical distance, isolation, and unique cultural dynamics are __________ barriers faced by community corrections officers.

Question 78

Compare and contrast the incarceration experience to your own as a college student.

Question 79

Identify seven ways inmates leave jail or prison

Question 80

Briefly explain the five functions of selective enforcement.