Deck 14: Issues in Corrections

Question 1

The differences in inmate treatment over time largely stem from

A) the changing nature of the Constitution.
B) interpretation about their rights.
C) the definition of cruel and unusual punishment.
D) increased competency of players in the judicial system.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which type of prison violence has been called one of America's older, darkest, and yet most open, secrets?

A) Sexual violence
B) Prison riots
C) Drug abuse
D) Gang violence

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which statement accurately summarizes how courts traditionally handled inmate complaints?

A) The courts allowed correctional institutions and states to oversee their own practices.
B) The courts ruled in favor of correctional staff to the detriment of inmate rights.
C) The courts did not tolerate challenges or dissention and disregarded inmate complaints.
D) The courts traditionally ruled in favor of expanding health care and court access for inmates.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Joe was released from prison with HIV and a two-week supply of his medication. Joe's medicine is expensive; however, he has difficulty keeping a job because of his illness. Joe is considering stealing money to pay for the meds. Joe's situation illustrates how inmate health is important for

A) conjugal reasons.
B) disease prevention.
C) reintegration efforts.
D) legal factors.

Question 5

All of the following are fundamental aspects of inmate rights EXCEPT

A) they change over time.
B) they are limited.
C) they are lost upon incarceration.
D) they are determined through court interpretations of the constitution.

Question 6

Sara is a female inmate at Bayside State Prison. Which occupation would she most likely be prepared for when she leaves prison?

A) Civil engineer
B) Housekeeper
C) Counselor
D) Accountant

Question 7

Diet, overcrowding, and contraband have all been linked to

A) longer sentences.
B) prison violence.
C) high inmate to staff ratios.
D) substance abuse.

Question 8

Which factor often creates a foundation for correctional misconduct and abuse?

A) Mental disorder
B) Power
C) Marital stress
D) Low wages

Question 9

The fact that it is cheaper to treat minor illnesses than to provide care for full blown diseases illustrates __________ reasons for increased attention on inmate health care.

A) moral
B) legal
C) reintegration
D) economic

Question 10

Which prison was labeled the Gladiator School because of its high levels of violence?

A) The California Institution for Men
B) Attica prison
C) Penitentiary of New Mexico
D) The Idaho Correctional Center

Question 11

Heart-breakers, exploiters, and hell-raisers are types of

A) turners.
B) rapists.
C) corrections officers.
D) authority.

Question 12

Male prisoners are to __________ as female prisoners are to __________.

A) gangs; families
B) fathers; mothers
C) maximum security; medium security
D) perpetrators; victims

Question 13

What was the intention of the Prison Litigation Reform Act?

A) To expand inmates' rights
B) To curb the number of lawsuits filed by inmates
C) To give prisoners the means to challenge prison rules and policies
D) To prevent violence and rioting in prisons

Question 14

Which is a finding from the research on gender differences in the functioning of corrections officers?

A) Female corrections officers are better able to diffuse violent situations.
B) Male corrections officers are more frequently excluded from informal social networks.
C) Female corrections officers demonstrate more concern about victimization by inmates
D) Male corrections officers are less likely to experience work-family conflict

Question 15

Which statement is most consistent with Imogene Moyer's research findings?

A) Most incarcerated women have been sentenced to long sentences for drug related crimes.
B) Women have specific pathways to crime that differ significantly from men's.
C) Prison programs frequently focus on teaching female offenders how to perform stereotypical gender roles that place the inmates in subservient positions to males.
D) Prison staff inadvertently promote the sexual victimization of women in prisons.

Question 16

The most common type of sexual misconduct by corrections officials is

A) improper touching.
B) verbal harassment.
C) consensual sex.
D) improper video surveillance

Question 17

Val contracted hepatitis while serving a five-year sentence at Greene Correctional Facility. He was denied treatment for this disease. How may Val's situation impact the community?

A) The community members who work at the facility will likely contract the disease
B) The community and the prison share the same water source and therefore, the disease will spread
C) Val will eventually be released from prison into the community with hepatitis
D) Val's disease process will cause him to behave aggressively toward both the community and the prison population

Question 18

Which of the following is a finding from the Bureau of Justice Statistics data collection effort on the extent of sexual violence in prisons?

A) Inmate on inmate sexual assaults occur infrequently
B) Sexual assaults of inmates are frequently perpetrated by male correctional officers
C) The majority of sexual assaults in prison are instigated by the inmate
D) Sexual assault allegations are infrequently substantiated.

Question 19

Which type of petition alleges that an inmate's incarceration is unlawful?

A) Habeas corpus
B) Motion to vacate sentence
C) Mandamus
D) Civil rights

Question 20

Which dynamic of prison sexual assault places victims at continued risk for victimization?

A) They occur frequently
B) Both victim and perpetrator have violent histories
C) The victim lives with the offender
D) Witnesses rarely verify the incident

Question 21

What was the central finding of Martinson's 1974 report on various treatment efforts?

A) An eye for an eye approach is best
B) Nothing works
C) Rehabilitation before punishment
D) Treatment is cruel and unusual punishment

Question 22

Re-entry programs are LEAST likely to focus on

A) child care services.
B) employment needs.
C) social support.
D) drug treatment.

Question 23

Which factor has the strongest impact on successful re-entry?

A) Marital status
B) Parenthood
C) Strength of family network
D) Availability of re-entry guides

Question 24

Why are mentally ill offenders more likely to be caught violating their conditions of release?

A) They are noncompliant with treatment programs.
B) They have more criminogenic needs than other types of offenders.
C) They are more closely supervised.
D) They are less able to control their violent tendencies

Question 25

Which statement is most consistent with the research on education and the death penalty?

A) The more informed individuals are about the death penalty, the less likely they will be to support the death penalty.
B) White males with a graduate degree are more likely to oppose the death penalty than Black males with a high school education.
C) Education may decrease support for the death penalty in the short term
D) Education level has more impact on those living in northern states than those living n southern states.

Question 26

All of the following are principles of restorative justice EXCEPT

A) the offender is separated from the action.
B) the focus is on the future.
C) the victim and offender have no contact.
D) the offender accepts fault for the act.

Question 27

Inmates lose all of their rights when they are incarcerated.

Question 28

Trish is a pregnant inmate. Which of the following will happen?

A) Trish will raise her baby in prison.
B) Trish will have no contact with her baby .
C) Trish will give up custody when the baby is born.
D) Trish will be the sole provider for her child.

Question 29

The 1871 ruling in Ruffin v. the Commonwealth gave prisoners the right to challenge prison rules, policies, and procedures.

Question 30

All of the following dimensions can produce criminogenic sanctions EXCEPT

A) learning from offenders.
B) treatment participation.
C) release strategies.
D) perceptions of fairness.

Question 31

The more time that offenders have on their hands, the less likely they are to engage in dangerous or inappropriate activities.

Question 32

What was the negative result of the Community Health Act?

A) A reduction in the availability of mental health treatment in federal prisons
B) An increased awareness about diseases prevalent in the prison population
C) A dramatic increase in the number of mentally ill individuals sent to jails and prisons
D) A proliferation of unstaffed community-based treatment centers

Question 33

Incarcerated offenders tend to have violent histories which contribute to violent behavior in prison.

Question 34

Michelle Alexander asserted that mass incarceration has the same consequences for minority populations as

A) the Rodney King beating.
B) Jim Crow laws.
C) the shooting of Trayvon Martin
D) police misconduct throughout America's cities.

Question 35

The theory that the more informed individuals are about the death penalty, the less likely they will be to support the death penalty is referred to as the __________ Hypothesis.

A) Marshall
B) Morgan
C) Null
D) Numberg

Question 36

Sex offender research has found that the majority of sex offenders have a(n)

A) genetic predisposition to violent behavior.
B) untreated diagnosis of psychopathy.
C) innate loathing of women and children.
D) history of victimization.

Question 37

The death penalty is synonymous with

A) lethal injection.
B) capital punishment.
C) an eye for an eye.
D) cruel and unusual punishment

Question 38

The Eighth Amendment protects prisoners from cruel and unusual punishment.

Question 39

Which of the following is a moral argument that supports the death penalty?

A) It is cheaper to sentence offenders than to incarcerate them.
B) The application of the death penalty causes more crime.
C) Innocent individuals may be sentenced to death.
D) Offenders who murder individuals deserve to die themselves.

Question 40

Sal is unable to find housing because he cannot live within of a day care or school zone. Sal is restricted because of

A) GPS monitoring.
B) civil commitment laws.
C) an exclusion zone policy.
D) registry laws.

Question 41

Strategies used to punish juveniles vary across jurisdictions and communities

Question 42

Diet, structural factors, and situational factors have all been linked with __________ in prisons.

Question 43

Correctional misconduct occurs because the majority of corrections officers are dishonest.

Question 44

Research shows that there is little difference between male and female corrections officers.

Question 45

The resulting effect of the __________ decision gave prisoners the right to challenge prison rules, policies, and procedures

Question 46

Female inmates often develop familial relationships with other prisoners as a coping mechanism.

Question 47

Verbal harassment, improper touching, and improper visual surveillance are categories of __________misconduct that can occur in prison.

Question 48

Research suggests that racial minorities are more likely to oppose the death penalty.

Question 49

Restorative strategies focus on punishing the offender and shaming the victim.

Question 50

The Supreme Court ruled in Farmer v. Brennan that the prison was responsible for the __________of a transsexual inmate who was housed in the general prison population.

Question 51

Sex offenders tend to receive short prison sentences.

Question 52

It is estimated that less than half of all incarcerated inmates suffer from some form of mental illness.

Question 53

Research suggests that detention can decrease recidivism and prevent youth from further involvement in the criminal justice system.

Question 54

Research shows that better prepared probation and parole officers experience lower levels of stress, and the ability to participate in workplace decision making also reduces stress.

Question 55

It is well accepted in the research literature that many sex offenders were once victims themselves.

Question 56

Prison sexual assaults are often perpetrated out of a desire for __________.

Question 57

Prisons are now expected to provide __________ health care to inmates.

Question 58

Laws that are used to commit sex offenders in institutions after their incarceration dates are called __________ laws.

Question 59

In 1972, inmates at __________ prison rioted over poor prison conditions and took over part of the prison

Question 60

The closed environment of prison settings results in lower rates of illnesses such as HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis.

Question 61

Which four factors contributed to an increase in the use of courts to resolve complaints by prisoners?

Question 62

Which rights, if any, do inmates lose when they are incarcerated? How do these rights change over time and how are these rights determined? Include examples of some of these rights in your discussion

Question 63

Which famous experiment is an example of how power can promote correctional misconduct?

Question 64

What are three dangers of detention for juveniles.

Question 65

Laws that allow officials to use drugs to control sex offenders' impulses are called __________ laws.

Question 66

Employment, participation in evidence-based treatment programs, and strong family ties all may improve the likelihood of prisoner __________ into the community.

Question 67

Discuss the environmental, situational, biological, and work/home factors that make working in corrections an especially stressful job.

Question 68

Work-family conflict has been found to __________ job satisfaction for correctional officers

Question 69

Briefly explain why its economically sound to provide health care to inmates.

Question 70

Imogene Moyer's research on female inmates found that __________ and control were central to the institution's mission.

Question 71

Juvenile __________ typically house a lower number of children and are managed similar to a household.

Question 72

In general, females tend to commit __________ serious offenses than males.

Question 73

What are the foundational principles of restorative justice practices? Discuss how different offenses may affect how this practice works.

Question 74

Compare and contrast sexual assault inside and outside of prison. How do prison rapes differ from the majority of other sexual assaults? How are they similar?

Question 75

How do criminogenic sanctions relate to learning theory?

Question 76

Describe four sex offender policies and illustrate how the policy is more restrictive than policies geared toward other types of offenders.

Question 77

Briefly describe biological factors that may cause stress for correctional officers.

Question 78

Identify the five recommendations from the Returning Home: Understanding the Challenge of Prisoner Re-Entry was an Urban Institute Study

Question 79

Juvenile detention is __________ expensive than alternatives to detention.