Deck 7: Police Strategies

Question 1

In early police patrolling, one would be least likely to see a (n)

A) officer walking a beat
B) officer on horseback
C) single-officer driving a patrol car
D) police officer riding a bicycle in the late 1890s

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What was the most significant finding in the Kansas City Rapid Response Study?

A) The faster the police responded to a crime, the more likely the crime was solved.
B) The mere presence of police officers in a neighborhood deterred crime.
C) Citizens must call the police immediately after a crime had occurred.
D) Police detectives typically use technology and skill to solve crimes.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which question was first addressed by the Police Foundation?

A) What level of force is required to prevent community rioting?
B) How can police work with their communities to reduce property crimes?
C) Do police officers driving around the neighborhood deter crime?
D) Does a police officer's response to a crime impact clearance rates?

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A broad set of ideas and a detailed set of plans for achieving a specific goal is referred to as

A) action.
B) strategy.
C) policing.
D) resolution

Question 5

How did the results of the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment affect the implementation of the 911 system?

A) Callers had unrealistic expectations of police performance
B) Police departments had stopped hiring officers and thus became overwhelmed with calls.
C) Most officers were focused on foot patrol rather than responding to calls.
D) The system was not received well because callers had negative impressions of police.

Question 6

Which function of routine patrol is focused on maintaining a visible presence in the community in order to deter criminal behavior and disorderly conduct?

A) Preventive patrol
B) Calls-for-service
C) Officer-initiated contacts
D) Administrative duties

Question 7

The goals of police patrol date as far back as policing in

A) London, England in 1829.
B) Boston, Massachusetts in 1856.
C) St. Louis, Missouri in the 1890s.
D) Calgary, Canada in the late 1920s.

Question 8

What is one concern with the differential police response system?

A) True emergencies won't be addressed
B) Citizens may be left with a negative attitude toward to police
C) Violent crime often temporary escalates
D) An officer's time may be wasted

Question 9

Which of the following would have been a goal of the innovation generation?

A) Establishing a blue wall of silence
B) Developing special units and titles for various programs
C) Securing funding for cutting-edge agencies and community leaders
D) Bringing the police and community together to improve neighborhoods

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of formal social control?

A) The police
B) A parent
C) The community
D) A teacher

Question 11

Which type of community policing started at Michigan State University?

A) Police-community relations
B) Public relations offices
C) Broken-windows policing
D) Team policing

Question 12

All of the following are false beliefs about policing EXCEPT

A) the primary goals of policing involve reducing crime and disorder.
B) police officers deter crime through random patrols
C) and given the facts of a case and all of the latest technology the police can solve crimes through their expertise.
D) the faster police officers arrive on scene the more likely they are to solve the crime.

Question 13

Which function of routine patrol typically takes up the majority of an officer's time?

A) Preventive patrol
B) Calls-for-service
C) Officer-initiated contacts
D) Administrative duties

Question 14

Which decade is referred to the decade of community policing?

A) The 1960s
B) The 1970s
C) The 1980s
D) The 1990s

Question 15

The Differential Police Response system is similar to

A) the 911 system.
B) the war on terrorism.
C) excessive use of force.
D) medical triage.

Question 16

According to Wilson and Kelling, fear of crime is often based on the

A) rate of crime in a neighborhood.
B) number of crime victims in a particular neighborhood.
C) level of disorder people see in a neighborhood.
D) amount of violence and aggression involved in a crime

Question 17

Which statement is true about police strategies?

A) All police strategies are equal.
B) Most strategies work if given time.
C) Historically, police have had an array of strategies available to help them control society.
D) Effective police strategies are designed to reduce crime and disorder.

Question 18

What was the significance of George Kelling's study?

A) It was the first empirical study that attempted to assess the question of police deterrence.
B) It was the first empirical study that was funded by a private corporation.
C) It was the first empirical study that examined officers, victims, and offender responses to crime.
D) It was the first empirical study to involve ride-alongs with active officers.

Question 19

Which statement describes the RAND Corporation's findings on detective work?

A) Police detectives, through technology and skill, solve the majority of crimes.
B) Detective work was, in reality, superficial, routine, and nonproductive
C) Police detectives are typically under represented and underappreciated within the department.
D) Detective work is a scientific, quantifiable endeavor.

Question 20

According to findings of the RAND Criminal Investigation Study, which individual would be LEAST likely to solve a crime?

A) The victim
B) Witnesses
C) Police officers arriving on the crime scene
D) Detectives

Question 21

A problem common to all three generations of community policing was a lack of

A) popularity.
B) uniform definition.
C) localization.
D) federal funding.

Question 22

According to the SARA model, what should an officer do if s/he assesses that a course of action was unsuccessful?

A) Determine whether or not to continue the response
B) Slightly alter the response
C) Abruptly stop the response
D) Implement another response

Question 23

Which strategy developed out of Operation Ceasefire?

A) Aggressive patrol
B) Pulling-levers
C) CPTED
D) Hot spots policing

Question 24

What is the relationship between SARA and problem-oriented policing?

A) The SARA model was the origin of problem-oriented policing
B) Problem-oriented policing is the opposite of the SARA model
C) Problem-oriented policing was an unsuccessful program used with the SARA model
D) The SARA model is a method of teaching police officers how to problem solve

Question 25

How does hot spots policing differ from other forms of targeted policing?

A) It focuses on crimes
B) It focuses on geography
C) It focuses on reasonable suspicion
D) It focuses on offenders

Question 26

Which dimension of community policing is often focused on geography?

A) Philosophical
B) Tactical
C) Organizational
D) Strategic

Question 27

The Supreme Court's decision in Terry v. Ohio (1968) gave police the right to stop and frisk someone if they have reasonable suspicion.

Question 28

Zero tolerance policing is synonymous with broken windows theory.

Question 29

Which statement best summarizes the effectiveness of community policing?

A) Community policing reduces crime.
B) Community policing helps citizens feel safer.
C) Community policing promotes a false sense of security among community members.
D) Community policing has not impacted the blue wall between police and communities.

Question 30

Evidence-based policing is considered to be an evolution in police research.

Question 31

Crime-specific policing typically examines the geographical locations where crimes occur.

Question 32

Which task became the responsibility of police after September 11, 2001?

A) Gun control
B) Counter-terrorism
C) Fusion centers
D) Stop and frisk

Question 33

Zero tolerance policing draws upon which theory?

A) Stop and frisk
B) Compstat
C) Obedience to authority
D) Broken windows

Question 34

Police officers who closely monitor and frequently conduct surveillance on a house known for dealing drugs are engaging in

A) problem-oriented policing.
B) excessive use of force.
C) aggressive patrol.
D) community-oriented policing.

Question 35

Which term is central to evidence-based policing?

A) Gang violence
B) Empirical research
C) Prediction
D) Assumption

Question 36

Compstat is similar to other target policing strategies in that it

A) holds the command staff accountable.
B) helps police focus on specific problems.
C) emphasizes agency management.
D) examines offender characteristics.

Question 37

Who typically leads joint task forces?

A) The Department of Homeland Security
B) Local law enforcement agencies
C) The Central Intelligence Agency
D) Federal law enforcement agencies

Question 38

According to CPTED, the safest place to live would be a(n)

A) apartment in a high rise building.
B) mobile home on a farm.
C) condominium at an intersection.
D) house at the end of a cul-de-sac.

Question 39

Which group of events prompted the development of Special Weapons and Tactics units?

A) Unrest in the 1960s
B) The terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001
C) A spike in serial murders during the 1990s
D) California prison riots during the 1970s

Question 40

The pulling-levers strategy developed out of intelligence-led policing.

Question 41

In split patrols, one group of police would respond to __________ while the other would conduct routine patrol.

Question 42

The 911 system started in Norfolk, Virginia in the 1960s.

Question 43

Operation Ceasefire was intent on creating multiple ___________ to deter youth violence and homicides.

Question 44

The RAND study found that police __________ work was largely unsuccessful.

Question 45

Herman Goldstein advocated that the police solve the problem, not the __________, in order to improve policing.

Question 46

Many police officers assigned to team policing were those who did not perform well on the street or were close to retirement

Question 47

The Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment involved __________ treatment areas.

Question 48

The strategic dimension of policing is based on the philosophy that community policing is about police-citizen partnerships at the __________ level.

Question 49

After September 11, 2001, homeland security for policing began to focus on not only being prepared for future threats but also the __________ of future attacks.

Question 50

The traditional method for police patrol in America was either by __________ or by horse.

Question 51

President __________ created the Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice to look at the problems of crime in America.

Question 52

Evidence-based policing is about using __________ on offenders, victims, and crimes, as well as the geographic nature of all three, to help guide police intervention through the use of empirical studies.

Question 53

A __________ is both a broad set of ideas and a detailed set of plans for achieving a specific goal, usually over an extended period of time.

Question 54

The availability of military supplies in the aftermath of Operation Desert Storm led to the __________ of the police in America.

Question 55

Regional information sharing centers that act as focal point for information that may provide police departments the actionable intelligence they need to respond are called __________ centers.

Question 56

Compstat was a __________ tool that developed into a police strategy that is highly related to targeted policing.

Question 57

Early public relations offices in police departments typically involved the community telling police about their concerns.

Question 58

The mere presence of police deters crime and disorder.

Question 59

As policing professionalized and reformed in the early twentieth century, policing in America developed with the intent of addressing the problems of crime through both __________ and its ability to solve crimes.

Question 60

One of the first empirical studies in policing that attempted to assess the question of police deterrence was commissioned by the Police Foundation.

Question 61

What does SARA stand for?

Question 62

Discuss how community policing developed over time. Include and explanation of the four dimensions and three generations of community policing.

Question 63

Explain the Broken Widows theory. How did this theory affect police officers' roles in their community?

Question 64

In just three years, from 1975 to 1977, three of the main pillars of policing were knocked down. Discuss what knocked down these pillars and explain what these pillars were.

Question 65

Which three factors are central to the scanning phase of the SARA model?

Question 66

According to the authors, problem-oriented policing has been considered to be an effective police strategy, with only two cautions. Briefly describe these two cautions.

Question 67

Briefly describe results of the three major studies on policing.

Question 68

Identify the three generation of community policing.

Question 69

Identify and discuss the four dimensions of community policing.

Question 70

List three forms of transportation, other than an automobile, that is common in policing.

Question 71

What are the four primary functions of routine patrol?

Question 72

What caused the dramatic increase in police calls-for-service in the 1970s?

Question 73

Briefly describe the importance of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 to policing.

Question 74

Explain how September 11, 2001 changed American policing.