Deck 15: Politics and the Economy

Question 1

____________ are states that are usually totalitarian and ruled either by a single individual or by a small group of people.

A) Monarchies
B) Dictatorships
C) Democracies
D) Oligarchies

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Political relationships that involve geographic areas, including the globe as a whole, are referred to as ________________________.

A) self-interest politics
B) urbanized politics
C) geopolitics
D) egotism politics

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Saddam Hussein was considered a _________________ of Iraq.

A) ruler
B) president
C) dictator
D) authority

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which sociologist created the power elite theory?

A) Karl Marx
B) C. Wright Mills
C) William Julius Wilson
D) Max Weber

Question 5

When groups go through established governmental channels to compete and meet their own objectives, this is referred to as ________________.

A) governmental institutionalization
B) politics
C) political science
D) the conflict hypothesis

Question 6

____________ is a political system in which people vote for their leaders and for legislation in some cases.

A) Capitalism
B) Dictatorship
C) Republic
D) Democracy

Question 7

Democracies are typically organized into __________ with clear hierarchies and written laws.

A) constitutional systems
B) nation-states
C) bureaucracies
D) census tracts

Question 8

John has the right to vote for representatives, and responsibilities such as paying taxes, that come with being a ______________ in the United States.

A) veteran
B) immigrant
C) citizen
D) democrat

Question 9

The power elite theory states that power is:

A) concentrated in a small number of people who control the major institutions of the state
B) dispersed throughout a stable society
C) concentrated in the hands of the people rather than the elite
D) concentrated in the hands of those in government

Question 10

The national government in the United State is an example of a(n) _________________ democracy.

A) representative
B) symbolic
C) emblematic
D) direct

Question 11

The League of Nations was created in:

A) 1935
B) 1955
C) 1910
D) 1920

Question 12

Democracies tend to extend rights to ________________, or the people represented by a given state.

A) subjects
B) noncitizens
C) citizens
D) cliques

Question 13

Elite pluralists take the position that:

A) voters make the final decisions as far as who represents them
B) political elites are not a diverse social body
C) there is no diversity of interests among the various political groups
D) the competition for votes ensures that no one group retains political power indefinitely

Question 14

The dictatorships discussed in your text all had a(n) ______________________ in which political life and the public sphere centered around men.

A) organizational structure
B) patriarchal structure
C) cult of masculinity
D) center of masculinity

Question 15

Structural-functionalism answers the question "Who rules America" with:

A) the wealthy
B) pluralism
C) representatives
D) the president

Question 16

When the power to rule comes from the consent of the people, which is translated through elected officials, it is called:

A) national democracy
B) representative democracy
C) direct democracy
D) representative republic

Question 17

A problem with power elite theory according to your text is:

A) it does not explain how the elites come to power
B) it assumes that elites share a common worldview
C) it does not explain how people come to elect certain types of elite to office
D) it is unclear and vague in its explanation

Question 18

Which of the following is a criticism of democracies according to your text?

A) Voters are typically uninformed about political issues
B) Liberal democracies don't extend enough rights
C) There is no diversity of thought
D) There is little interest by the citizens

Question 19

The ________________________ believe that America is ruled by pluralism, which refers to the fact that the United States is characterized by a number of powerful competing interest groups.

A) conflict
B) interactionist
C) structural-functionalist
D) feminist

Question 20

One strand of structural-functionalism focuses on ____________, in which society has many different players, and how they compete for access to political power.

A) group pluralism
B) power elites
C) citizens
D) elite pluralism

Question 21

A___________________ seeks to operate economic markets efficiently but also equitably.

A) socialist state
B) communist state
C) welfare state
D) capitalist state

Question 22

Frederick Taylor championed ________________________, or the application of scientific principles and methods to management.

A) technological management
B) knowledge management
C) scientific management
D) economic management

Question 23

The key development in the emergence of the modern economy was:

A) the Industrial Revolution
B) the Agricultural Revolution
C) the Postindustrial Revolution
D) the Progressive Revolution

Question 24

John and his family now live in the United States after living in Germany for most of their lives. They still see themselves as German and part of that country. They are part of a(n) __________________________________.

A) real community
B) invisible nation
C) imagined community
D) disperse community

Question 25

The _______________ is the social system involved in the production and distribution of goods.

A) government
B) political system
C) economy
D) regime

Question 26

When did the United Nations form?

A) 1920
B) 1945
C) 1950
D) 1962

Question 27

Sociologist ____________________ focused on the problems that long-term unemployment creates for black Americans.

A) Karl Marx
B) William Julius Wilson
C) Émile Durkheim
D) Auguste Comte

Question 28

__________________refers to a large group of people who are marginally attached to the workforce.

A) Overemployed workers
B) Frustrated workers
C) Demoralized workers
D) Discouraged workers

Question 29

A characteristic of a communistic system is:

A) The collective ownership of the means of production
B) The private ownership of the means of production
C) Maximization of profit
D) Division of social classes

Question 30

____________________ is a society that has transitioned from manufacture of goods to service work.

A) postindustrial society
B) socialism
C) competitive capitalism
D) transnational capitalism

Question 31

Which country continues to see itself as a communist society today?

A) China
B) United States
C) Cuba
D) England

Question 32

Fordism, which refers to the mass production of homogeneous products, dominated much of the _______________ American automobile industry.

A) nineteenth century
B) twenty-first century
C) eighteenth century
D) twentieth century

Question 33

A decline in U.S. labor unions began in the ______________.

A) 1960s
B) 1980s
C) 1950s
D) 1920s

Question 34

When nongovernmental actors engage in acts of violence targeting noncombatants or private property, they are called:

A) criminals
B) terrorists
C) warriors
D) civilian-soldiers

Question 35

When a few companies come to dominate the market, this is referred to as ______________________________.

A) dominant capitalism
B) monopoly capitalism
C) conglomerate capitalism
D) welfare capitalism

Question 36

Germany and France are examples of a _______________, due to the fact that within these countries there is a group of people who share similar cultural, religious, ethnic, and linguistic characteristics.

A) federation
B) nation
C) city-state
D) body politic

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a factor in regard to why deindustrialization occurred?

A) Technology is aging in many American industries
B) Automated technologies have become inefficient
C) Businesses have become reliant on antiquated technologies
D) Expansion of globalization

Question 38

Post-Fordism is associated with ________________ when compared to Fordism.

A) smaller production runs
B) larger production runs
C) more generic products
D) more reliance on economies of scale

Question 39

When Boko Haram killed people and kidnapped girls from a school in Nigeria, it was considered:

A) terrorism
B) globalization
C) insurgent war
D) legitimate violence

Question 40

Automobile factories and manufacturing plants are examples of ________________ industries.

A) bureaucratic
B) bulk-production
C) mass-production
D) structural

Question 41

Cohort pluralism focuses on the balance of power, where no one group retains power indefinitely.

Question 42

After World War II, much of geopolitics focused on the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union.

Question 43

Leisure-time activities are more likely to be found among which social class?

A) Lower social classes
B) The underclass
C) Upper social classes
D) Working classes

Question 44

Nation-states are affected by globalization in various ways, including the fact that government itself has to change in order to adjust to global changes.

Question 45

Karl Marx is the founder of the power elite theory, which states that power is concentrated in a small number of people who control the major institutions of the state.

Question 46

The state can be defined as a political body that is organized for government and civil rule.

Question 47

One of the factors that worsened the international financial situation subsequent to the Great Recession was:

A) the difficulty in importing food and consumer goods
B) the difficulty in borrowing money to keep economies functioning
C) the difficulty of traveling past international borders
D) the increase in war around the globe

Question 48

According to the text, why does war occur?

A) People want to use the resources available in another country
B) There is a cultural tradition of war that makes such actions legitimate
C) There must be a situation in which two political actors have incompatible objectives
D) Something must happen to trigger action at the level of making war

Question 49

Automobile factories are examples of mass production.

Question 50

Which of the following does the state decide related to violence?

A) It can use violence legitimately through the police
B) It can use violence legitimately through the military
C) It can exile violent citizens
D) It can determine that a private firm can use violence legitimately

Question 51

According to the structural-functionalist perspective, America is ruled by a system known as pluralism.

Question 52

All of the following are part of the process as it relates to consumption:

A) Involvement of consumed objects such as clothes and cars
B) The requirement of consumers who do the consuming
C) The process does not take place in consumption sites
D) There must be a process of consumption

Question 53

The transnational capitalist class includes:

A) state bureaucrats
B) transnational corporations
C) professionals and technical personnel
D) welfare programs

Question 54

Places like shopping malls, theme parks, and Amazon.com can be considered:

A) macrofinance
B) cathedrals of consumption
C) postconsumer spaces
D) hyperconsumption spaces

Question 55

The global recession was in part set off by problems related to financial markets, which were:

A) affected by bad international investments
B) largely deregulated
C) driven by U.S. consumer debt
D) due to problems with the use of the euro as common currency

Question 56

Dictators who organized political life and public sphere around men were building a core of masculinity.

Question 57

Communism is an economic system that is based primarily on the private ownership of the means of production.

Question 58

A characteristic of _____________________ is that money is increasingly liquid and flows around the world quite readily.

A) microfinance
B) liquid finance
C) macrofinance
D) small finance

Question 59

One major strand of structural functionalism suggests that pluralism consists of political elites from similar interest groups and organizations that vie for power.

Question 60

Citizenship has always been universal, meaning that both men and women could vote for their representatives.

Question 61

Many people live in mansions and have two or three vehicles, yet they don't have the money to pay the mortgage and car payments. This is an example of hypoconsumption.

Question 62

Discuss the differences between communism and socialism.

Question 63

William Julius Wilson is a sociologist who focuses on the problems that long-term unemployment creates for black Americans.

Question 64

Briefly describe two different types of capitalism.

Question 65

Define the term democracy and discuss the differences between a representative and direct democracy. Include in your discussion the terms citizens and citizenship.

Question 66

Define the term deindustrialization and discuss two factors that are responsible for deindustrialization in the United States.

Question 67

Discuss the characteristics of a postmodern society. Include in your response what is meant by the terms consumerism, hyperconsumption, and hyperdebt.

Question 68

The goal of welfare states is to provide for the well-being of its citizens, such as national health plans and old age plans.

Question 69

The key components of a transnational capitalistic society are local corporations that are found in certain areas of the world.

Question 70

Define the term unemployment. What is meant by underemployment? What is meant by the term discouraged workers?

Question 71

A postindustrial society is one where the main focus is on service work rather than manufacturing of goods.

Question 72

Discuss the concept of Fordism. When did this emerge and why? Name at least two characteristics of Fordism.

Question 73

Who rules the United States according to the structural-functional and conflict perspectives? Include in your discussion the power elite theory and elite pluralism in your response. Include one criticism of each perspective.